Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Z. Fang
Request for Comments: 6884 Qualcomm Incorporated
Category: Standards Track March 2013
ISSN: 2070-1721
RTP Payload Format
for the Enhanced Variable Rate Narrowband-Wideband Codec (EVRC-NW)
Abstract
This document specifies Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) payload
formats to be used for the Enhanced Variable Rate Narrowband-Wideband
Codec (EVRC-NW). Three media type registrations are included for
EVRC-NW RTP payload formats. In addition, a file format is specified
for transport of EVRC-NW speech data in storage mode applications
such as email.
Status of This Memo
This is an Internet Standards Track document.
This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force
(IETF). It represents the consensus of the IETF community. It has
received public review and has been approved for publication by the
Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Further information on
Internet Standards is available in Section 2 of RFC 5741.
Information about the current status of this document, any errata,
and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at
http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6884.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2013 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
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the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
described in the Simplified BSD License.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3. Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
4. EVRC-NW Codec . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
5. RTP Header Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
6. Payload Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
6.1. Encoding Capability Identification in EVRC-NW
Interleaved/Bundled Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
7. Congestion Control Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
8. Storage Format for the EVRC-NW Codec . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
9. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
9.1. Media Type Registrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
9.1.1. Registration of Media Type audio/EVRCNW . . . . . . . 7
9.1.2. Registration of Media Type audio/EVRCNW0 . . . . . . . 9
9.1.3. Registration of Media Type audio/EVRCNW1 . . . . . . . 11
10. SDP Mode Attributes for EVRC-NW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
11. Mode Change Request/Response Considerations . . . . . . . . . 13
12. Mapping EVRC-NW Media Type Parameters into SDP . . . . . . . . 14
13. Offer-Answer Model Considerations for EVRC-NW . . . . . . . . 15
14. Declarative SDP Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
15. Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
16. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
17. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
17.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
17.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
1. Introduction
This document specifies the payload formats for packetization of
EVRC-NW encoded speech signals into the Real-time Transport Protocol
(RTP). It defines support for the header-free, interleaved/bundled,
and compact bundle packet formats for the EVRC-NW codec as well as
discontinuous transmission (DTX) support for EVRC-NW encoded speech
transported via RTP. The EVRC-NW codec offers better speech quality
than the EVRC and EVRC-B codecs and better capacity than the Enhanced
Variable Rate Wideband Codec (EVRC-WB). EVRC-NW belongs to the EVRC
family of codecs.
2. Conventions
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [1].
3. Background
EVRC-NW is an extension of both the EVRC-B [2] and EVRC-WB [3] speech
codecs developed in the Third Generation Partnership Project 2
(3GPP2) with support for DTX. It provides enhanced voice quality and
high spectral efficiency.
The EVRC-NW codec operates on 20 ms frames, and the default sampling
rate is 16 kHz (wideband). Input and output at the 8 kHz sampling
rate (narrowband) is also supported. The EVRC-NW codec can operate
in eight modes (0 to 7) as defined in 3GPP2 C.S0014-D [4]. EVRC-NW
modes 0, 1, and 7 are interoperable with EVRC-WB. EVRC-NW modes 1 to
7 are interoperable with EVRC-B. EVRC-NW modes 0 to 6 use the full
set or a subset of full rate, 1/2 rate, 1/4 rate, and 1/8 rate
frames. EVRC-NW mode 7 uses only 1/2 rate and 1/8 rate frames. By
default, EVRC-NW supports all narrowband modes (modes 1 to 7). The
support of wideband mode (mode 0) is optional. Mode change among
modes 1 to 7 (or among modes 0 to 7 if the receiver supports wideband
mode) results in codec output bit-rate change but does not cause any
decoding problems at the receiver. EVRC-NW provides a standardized
solution for packetized voice applications that allow transitions
between enhanced quality and increased capacity. The most important
service addressed is IP telephony. Target devices can be IP phones
or VoIP handsets, media gateways, voice messaging servers, etc.
4. EVRC-NW Codec
The EVRC-NW codec operates on 20 ms frames. It produces output
frames of one of the four different sizes: 171 bits (Rate 1), 80 bits
(Rate 1/2), 40 bits (Rate 1/4), or 16 bits (Rate 1/8). In addition,
there are two zero-bit codec frame types: blank (null) frames and
erasure frames. The default sampling rate is 16 kHz. Input and
output at the 8 kHz sampling rate is also supported.
The frame type values and sizes of the associated codec data frames
are listed in the table below:
Value Rate Total codec data frame size in bytes (and in bits)
--------------------------------------------------------------------
0 Blank (Null) 0 (0 bits)
1 1/8 2 (16 bits)
2 1/4 5 (40 bits)
3 1/2 10 (80 bits)
4 1 22 (171 bits; 5 bits padded at the end)
5 Erasure 0 (SHOULD NOT be transmitted by sender)
5. RTP Header Usage
The format of the RTP header is specified in RFC 3550 [5]. The
EVRC-NW payload formats (Section 6) use the fields of the RTP header
as specified in RFC 3550 [5].
EVRC-NW also has the capability to operate with 8 kHz sampled input/
output signals. The decoder does not require a priori knowledge
about the sampling rate of the original signal at the input of the
encoder. The decoder output can be at 8 kHz or 16 kHz regardless of
the sampling rate used at the encoder. Therefore, depending on the
implementation and the electroacoustic audio capabilities of the
devices, the input of the encoder and/or the output of the decoder
can be configured at 8 kHz; however, a 16 kHz RTP clock rate MUST
always be used. The RTP timestamp is increased by 320 for each
20 milliseconds.
The RTP header marker bit (M) SHALL be set to 1 if the first frame
carried in the packet contains a speech frame that is the first in a
talkspurt. For all other packets, the marker bit SHALL be set to
zero (M=0).
6. Payload Format
Three RTP packet formats are supported for the EVRC-NW codec -- the
interleaved/bundled packet format, the header-free packet format, and
the compact bundled packet format. For all these formats, the
operational details and capabilities of EVRC-NW, such as ToC, TOC,
interleaving, DTX, and bundling, are exactly the same as those
defined in EVRC [6], EVRC-B [2], and EVRC-WB [3], except that
1. the mode change request field in the interleaved/bundled packet
format MUST be interpreted according to the definition of the
RATE_REDUC parameter as defined in described for EVRC-NW in 3GPP2 C.S0014-D
[4].
2. the mode change request field in the interleaved/bundled packet
format SHOULD be honored by an EVRCNW EVRC-NW encoding endpoint in a one-
to-one
one-to-one session with a dedicated EVRCNW EVRC-NW decoding endpoint,
such as in a two-party call or in a conference leg.
3. the reserved bit field in the first octet of the interleaved/
bundled format has only one bit. Bit 1 of the first octet is an
EVRC-NW wideband/narrowband encoding capability identification
flag.
The media type audio/EVRCNW maps to the interleaved/bundled packet
format, audio/EVRCNW0 maps to the header-free packet format, and
audio/EVRCNW1 maps to the compact bundled packet format.
6.1. Encoding Capability Identification in EVRC-NW Interleaved/Bundled
Format
The EVRC-NW interleaved/bundled format defines an encoding capability
identification flag, which is used to signal the local EVRC-NW
wideband/narrowband encoding capability at the time of construction
of an RTP packet to the far end of a communication session. This
capability identification flag allows the far end to use the MMM
field in its outgoing (returning) EVRC-NW interleaved/bundled format
packets to request the desired EVRC-NW wideband or narrowband
encoding mode in accordance with the dynamic/instantaneous encoding
capability information. See RFC 3558 [6] for the definition of the
MMM field. The following examples illustrate a few scenarios where
the encoding capability information is used:
o An end-to-end wideband communication is established first between
two communication endpoints using the EVRC-NW interleaved/bundled
format. The called endpoint becomes wideband encoding incapable
during the call and makes the other end aware of this change by
using the encoding capability identification flag. Based on the
new information, the calling endpoint could change the MMM value
in its outgoing EVRC-NW packets from Mode-0 mode 0 to Mode-4 mode 4 to request
narrowband encoded traffic for bandwidth efficiency or from Mode-0 mode 0
to Mode-1 mode 1 for best perceptual quality.
o An end-to-end narrowband communication is established between a
calling endpoint that is EVRC-NW wideband encoding capable and a
called endpoint that is EVRC-NW wideband encoding incapable. The
called endpoint becomes EVRC-NW wideband encoding capable during
the call and makes the other end aware of this change using the
encoding capability identification flag. Based on the new
information, the calling endpoint could change the MMM value in
its outgoing EVRC-NW packets from non-Mode-0 non-mode-0 to Mode-0 mode 0 to request
wideband traffic.
The EVRC-NW interleaved/bundled format defines the encoding
capability identification flag in bit 1 of the first octet, as
illustrated in the figure below. The flag shall be set to zero (C=0)
when the local EVRC-NW encoder is capable of Mode-0 mode 0 wideband
encoding. The flag shall be set to one (C=1) when the local EVRC-NW
encoder is capable of non-Mode-0 non-mode-0 narrowband encoding only. See RFC
3558 [6] for original definitions of other fields in the interleaved/
bundled format.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| RTP Header |
+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+
|R|C| LLL | NNN | MMM | Count | TOC | ... | TOC |padding|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| one or more codec data frames, one per TOC entry |
| .... |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Reserved (R): 1 bit
Reserved bit. MUST be set to zero by sender; SHOULD be ignored by
receiver.
Encoding capability identification (C): 1 bit
Must be set to zero by sender to indicate wideband encoding
capable or set to one to indicate narrowband encoding capable
only.
C = 0 : Mode-0 mode 0 wideband encoding capable
= 1 : Mode-0 mode 0 wideband encoding incapable, i.e., narrowband
encoding only.
7. Congestion Control Considerations
Congestion control for RTP is discussed in RFC 3550 [5] and in
applicable RTP profiles, e.g., RFC3551 [7]. This document does not
change those considerations.
Due to the header overhead, the number of frames encapsulated in each
RTP packet influences the overall bandwidth of the RTP stream.
Packing more frames in each RTP packet can reduce the number of
packets sent and hence the header overhead, at the expense of
increased delay and reduced error robustness.
8. Storage Format for the EVRC-NW Codec
The storage format is used for storing EVRC-NW encoded speech frames,
e.g., as a file or email attachment.
The file begins with a magic number to identify the vocoder that is
used. The magic number for EVRC-NW corresponds to the ASCII
character string "#!EVRCNW\n", i.e., "0x23 0x21 0x45 0x56 0x52 0x43
0x4E 0x57 0x0A".
The codec data frames are stored in consecutive order, with a single
ToC
TOC entry field, extended to one octet, prefixing each codec data
frame. The ToC TOC field is extended to one octet by setting the four
most significant bits of the octet to zero. For example, a ToC TOC value
of 4 (a full-rate frame) is stored as 0x04. The Value column in the
table in Section 4 provides the TOC values for corresponding frame
types.
Speech frames lost in transmission and non-received frames MUST be
stored as erasure frames (ToC (TOC value of 5) to maintain synchronization
with the original media.
9. IANA Considerations
This document introduces a new EVRC-NW 'audio' media subtype.
9.1. Media Type Registrations
Following the guidelines in RFC 4855 [8] and RFC 6838 [9], this
section registers new 'audio' media subtypes for EVRC-NW.
9.1.1. Registration of Media Type audio/EVRCNW
Type name: audio
Subtype name: EVRCNW
Required parameters: None
Optional parameters: These parameters apply to RTP transfer only.
mode-set-recv: A subset of EVRC-NW modes. Possible values are a
comma-separated list of modes from the set {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7}
(see Table 2.6.1.2-4 2.6.1.2-1 in 3GPP2 C.S0014-D). C.S0014-D [4]). A decoder can
use this attribute to inform an encoder of its preference to
operate in a specified subset of modes. Absence of this
parameter signals the mode set {1,2,3,4,5,6,7}.
ptime: See RFC 4566 [10].
maxptime: See RFC 4566.
maxinterleave: Maximum number for interleaving length (field LLL
in the Interleaving Octet) [0..7]. The interleaving lengths
used in the entire session MUST NOT exceed this maximum value.
If not signaled, the maxinterleave length MUST be 5.
silencesupp: See Section 6.1 in RFC 4788.
dtxmax: See Section 6.1 in RFC 4788.
dtxmin: See Section 6.1 in RFC 4788.
hangover: See Section 6.1 in RFC 4788.
Encoding considerations:
This media type is framed binary data (see RFC 6838, Section 4.8)
and is defined for transfer of EVRC-NW encoded data via RTP using
the interleaved/bundled packet format specified in RFC 3558 [6].
Security considerations: See Section 16.
Interoperability considerations: None
Published specification:
The EVRC-NW vocoder is specified in 3GPP2 C.S0014-D. C.S0014-D [4]. The
transfer method with the interleaved/bundled packet format via RTP
is specified in RFC 3558 [6]. See Section 6 of RFC 6884 for
details for EVRC-NW.
Applications that use this media type:
It is expected that many VoIP applications (as well as mobile
applications) will use this type.
Additional information:
The following applies to stored-file transfer methods:
Magic number: #!EVRCNW\n (see Section 8)
File extensions: enw, ENW
Macintosh file type code: None
Object identifier or OID: None
EVRC-NW speech frames may also be stored in the file format "3g2" as
defined in 3GPP2 C.S0050-B, C.S0050-B [14], which is identified using the media
types "audio/3gpp2" or "video/3gpp2" registered by RFC 4393 [11].
Person & email address to contact for further information:
Zheng Fang <zfang@qualcomm.com>
Intended usage: COMMON
Restrictions on usage:
This media type can be used with the file format defined in
Section 8 of RFC 6884 in contexts other than RTP. In the context
of transfers over RTP, the RTP payload format specified in
Section 4.1 of RFC 3558 [6] is used for this media type.
Author: Zheng Fang <zfang@qualcomm.com>
Change controller:
IETF Payload working group delegated from the IESG.
9.1.2. Registration of Media Type audio/EVRCNW0
Type name: audio
Subtype name: EVRCNW0
Required parameters: None
Optional parameters: These parameters apply to RTP transfer only.
mode-set-recv: A subset of EVRC-NW modes. Possible values are a
comma-separated list of modes from the set {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7}
(see Table 2.6.1.2-4 2.6.1.2-1 in 3GPP2 C.S0014-D). C.S0014-D [4]). A decoder can
use this attribute to inform an encoder of its preference to
operate in a specified subset of modes. Absence of this
parameter signals the mode set {1,2,3,4,5,6,7}.
ptime: See RFC 4566.
silencesupp: See Section 6.1 in RFC 4788.
dtxmax: See Section 6.1 in RFC 4788.
dtxmin: See Section 6.1 in RFC 4788.
hangover: See Section 6.1 in RFC 4788.
Encoding considerations:
This media type is framed binary data (see RFC 6838, Section 4.8)
and is defined for transfer of EVRC-NW encoded data via RTP using
the header-free packet format specified in RFC 3558 [6].
Security considerations: See Section 16.
Interoperability considerations: None
Published specification:
The EVRC-NW vocoder is specified in 3GPP2 C.S0014-D. C.S0014-D [4]. The
transfer method with the header-free packet format via RTP is
specified in RFC 3558 [6].
Applications that use this media type:
It is expected that many VoIP applications (as well as mobile
applications) will use this type.
Additional information: None
Person & email address to contact for further information:
Zheng Fang <zfang@qualcomm.com>
Intended usage: COMMON
Restrictions on usage:
This media type depends on RTP framing and hence is only defined
for transfer via RTP [5]. The RTP payload format specified in
Section 4.2 of RFC 3558 [6] SHALL be used. This media type SHALL
NOT be used for storage or file transfer; instead, audio/EVRCNW
SHALL be used.
Author: Zheng Fang <zfang@qualcomm.com>
Change controller:
IETF Payload working group delegated from the IESG.
9.1.3. Registration of Media Type audio/EVRCNW1
Type name: audio
Subtype name: EVRCNW1
Required parameters: None
Optional parameters: These parameters apply to RTP transfer only.
mode-set-recv: A subset of EVRC-NW modes. Possible values are a
comma-separated list of modes from the set {0,1} (see Table
2.6.1.2-4
2.6.1.2-1 in 3GPP2 C.S0014-D). C.S0014-D [4]). A decoder can use this
attribute to inform an encoder of its preference to operate in
a specified subset of modes. A value of 0 signals support for
wideband fixed rate (full or half rate, depending on the value
of the 'fixedrate' parameter). A value of 1 signals narrowband
fixed rate (full or half rate, depending on the value of the
'fixedrate' parameter). Absence of this parameter signals mode
1.
ptime: See RFC 4566.
maxptime: See RFC 4566.
fixedrate: Indicates the EVRC-NW rate of the session while in
single rate operation. Valid values include 0.5 and 1, where a
value of 0.5 indicates the 1/2 rate while a value of 1
indicates the full rate. If this parameter is not present, 1/2
rate is assumed.
silencesupp: See Section 6.1 in RFC 4788.
dtxmax: See Section 6.1 in RFC 4788.
dtxmin: See Section 6.1 in RFC 4788.
hangover: See Section 6.1 in RFC 4788.
Encoding considerations:
This media type is framed binary data (see RFC 6838, Section 4.8)
and is defined for transfer of EVRC-NW encoded data via RTP using
the compact bundled packet format specified in RFC 4788.
Security considerations: See Section 16.
Interoperability considerations: None
Published specification:
The EVRC-NW vocoder is specified in 3GPP2 C.S0014-D. C.S0014-D [4]. The
transfer method with the compact bundled packet format via RTP is
specified in RFC 4788.
Applications that use this media type:
It is expected that many VoIP applications (as well as mobile
applications) will use this type.
Additional information: None
Person & email address to contact for further information:
Zheng Fang <zfang@qualcomm.com>
Intended usage: COMMON
Restrictions on usage:
This media type depends on RTP framing and hence is only defined
for transfer via RTP [5]. The RTP payload format specified in
Section 4 of RFC 4788 SHALL be used. This media type SHALL NOT be
used for storage or file transfer; instead, audio/EVRCNW SHALL be
used.
Author: Zheng Fang <zfang@qualcomm.com>
Change controller:
IETF Payload working group delegated from the IESG.
10. SDP Mode Attributes for EVRC-NW
'mode-set-recv' can be used by a decoder to inform an encoder of its
preference to operate in a specified subset of modes. Note that
indicating a preference implicitly indicates support for that
capability. If mode 0 is not preferred for media type EVRCNW0 or
EVRCNW1, then there is no indication that mode 0 is supported.
However, absence of this parameter or absence of mode 0 in this
parameter for media type EVRCNW shall not preclude mode 0 support
during a call where mode 0 may be requested via the MMM field.
1. To inform the other nodes of its capability for wideband mode support,
support: a decoder can always decode all the narrowband modes
(modes 1 to 7). Unless the decoder indicates support of mode 0
(i.e., preference) in this parameter or in the MMM mode request
field in the interleaved/bundled payload format, an encoder at
the other side shall not operate in mode 0.
2. To indicate a preference to operate in a subset of modes, modes: a set
has been defined so that several modes can be expressed as a
preference in one attempt. For instance, the set {4,5,6,7}
signals that the receiver prefers that the sender operate in
bandwidth-efficient narrowband modes of EVRC-NW.
Note that during an active call session using the interleaved/bundled
packet format, the MMM mode request received from a communication
partner can contain a mode request different than the values in the
last mode-set-recv attribute. The partner's EVRC-NW wideband
decoding capability is determined by the latest mode-set-recv
attribute or MMM mode request field. For example, a mode request
with MMM=0 from a communication partner is an implicit indication of
the partner's EVRCNW EVRC-NW wideband decoding capability and preference.
An
EVRCNW EVRC-NW wideband-capable node receiving the request can operate in
wideband mode. A mode request with MMM=1, 2, ..., or 7 from a
communication partner is an implicit indication of the partner's
EVRCNW
EVRC-NW narrowband decoding preference. The encoder of an EVRCNW EVRC-NW
node receiving the request shall honor the request and operate in
narrowband mode.
'sendmode' is used as a Session Description Protocol (SDP) mode
attribute in EVRC [6], EVRC-B [2], and EVRC-WB [3]. However, it is
deprecated in EVRC-NW.
11. Mode Change Request/Response Considerations
The interleaved/bundled packet format for the EVRC family of vocoders
supports a 3-bit field (MMM) that a communication node can use to
indicate its preferred compression mode to an opposite node. The
concept of the compression mode (also known as Capacity Operating
Point) was introduced to allow a controlled trade-off between voice
quality and channel capacity. The notion makes it possible to
exercise vocoders at the highest possible (average) bit-rate (hence,
highest voice quality) when the network is lightly loaded.
Conversely, once the network load increases, the vocoders can be
requested to operate at lower average bit-rates so as to absorb the
additional network load without causing an undue increase in the
frame-erasure rates; the underlying premise is that while a higher
bit-rate improves vocoder performance, it also increases the network
load, risking a sharp decline in voice quality should the frame-
erasure rate be too high. By contrast, a lower bit-rate mode of
operation can result in accommodation of the additional network load
without causing unduly high frame-erasure rates, resulting in better
overall quality despite the inherently lower voice quality of the
lower bit-rate mode of the vocoder.
Accordingly, the MMM field should be used to request the far end to
transmit compressed speech using a mode that provides the best
balance between voice quality and capacity. However, in the case of
mobile-mobile calls, for example, there are two wireless sides
involved, each with a potentially different network load level and
hence a different preferred mode. In such cases, achieving optimal
end-to-end performance depends on coherent management of the
operative mode by the two sides. This requires that even if the
local node prefers a higher bit-rate vocoder mode, it should adjust
to a lower bit-rate mode if requested by the far end, in order to
avoid potentially high frame-erasure rates due to heavy load at the
far-end network. For similar reasons, in cases where a mode
requested by the far end should not be supported, it might still be
beneficial to consider switching to a supported vocoder mode
corresponding to a lower average bit-rate than requested. It is
recommended that the next lower average bit-rate supported vocoder
mode be used for encoding when a mode requested by the far end is not
supported.
A wideband-capable endpoint can use the information conveyed by the
C-bit of the RTP payload header to determine the optimal mode to
request of the far end. If the far end cannot provide Mode0 mode 0 packets
(C-bit=1), then the choice of MMM can be based strictly on the local
network load. If the C-bit indicates the remote end's Mode0 mode 0
encoding capability (C-bit=0), then even if the local network load is
not light, Mode0 mode 0 can be requested knowing definitively that it will
be supported. This will permit operators to treat wideband-capable
mobiles preferentially, should they wish to adopt such policy.
12. Mapping EVRC-NW Media Type Parameters into SDP
Information carried in the media type specification has a specific
mapping to fields in the Session Description Protocol (SDP) [10],
which is commonly used to describe RTP sessions. When SDP is used to
specify sessions employing EVRC-NW encoded speech, the mapping is as
follows.
o The media type ("audio") goes in SDP "m=" as the media name.
o The media subtype ("EVRCNW", "EVRCNW0", or "EVRCNW1") goes in SDP
"a=rtpmap" as the encoding name.
o The optional parameters 'ptime and 'maxptime' (for subtypes EVRCNW
and EVRCNW1) go in the SDP "a=ptime" and "a=maxptime" attributes,
respectively.
o Any remaining parameters (for subtypes EVRCNW, EVRCNW0, and
EVRCNW1) go in the SDP "a=fmtp" attribute by copying them from the
media type string as a semicolon-separated list of parameter=value
pairs.
13. Offer-Answer Model Considerations for EVRC-NW
The following considerations apply when using the SDP offer-answer
procedures of RFC 3264 [12] to negotiate the use of EVRC-NW payload
in RTP:
o Since EVRC-NW is an extension of both EVRC-B and EVRC-WB, the
offerer SHOULD also announce EVRC-B and EVRC-WB support in its
"m=audio" lines, with EVRC-NW as the preferred codec. This will
allow interoperability with an answerer that supports only EVRC-B
and/or EVRC-WB.
Below is an example of such an offer:
m=audio 55954 RTP/AVP 98 99 100
a=rtpmap:98 EVRCNW0/16000
a=rtpmap:99 EVRCWB0/16000
a=rtpmap:100 EVRCB0/8000
a=fmtp:98 mode-set-recv=0,1,2,3,4,5,6
a=fmtp:99 mode-set-recv=0,4
a=fmtp:100 recvmode=0
If the answerer supports EVRC-NW, then the answerer can keep the
payload type 98 in its answer and the conversation can be done using
EVRC-NW. Otherwise, if the answerer supports only EVRC-WB and/or
EVRC-B, then the answerer will leave only the payload type 99 and/or
100, respectively, in its answer and the conversation will be done
using EVRC-WB and/or EVRC-B, respectively.
An example answer for the above offer:
m=audio 55954 RTP/AVP 98
a=rtpmap:98 EVRCNW0/16000
a=fmtp:98 mode-set-recv=4
o 'mode-set-recv' is a unidirectional receive-only parameter.
o An offerer can use 'mode-set-recv' to request that the remote
sender's encoder be limited to the list of modes signaled in
'mode-set-recv'. A remote sender MAY ignore 'mode-set-recv'
requests. However, a remote sender shall not assume the other
side can support mode 0, unless the offer includes mode 0
explicitly in 'mode-set-recv' or the remote sender receives mode
requests with MMM=0 from the communication partner during an
active call using the EVRC-NW interleaved/bundled format.
o The parameters 'maxptime' and 'ptime' will in most cases not
affect interoperability; however, the setting of the parameters
can affect the performance of the application. The SDP offer-
answer handling of the 'ptime' parameter is described in RFC 3264
[12]. The 'maxptime' parameter MUST be handled in the same way.
o For a sendonly stream, the 'mode-set-recv' parameter is not useful
and SHOULD NOT be used.
o When using EVRCNW1, the entire session MUST use the same fixed
rate and mode (0-Wideband or 1-Narrowband).
o For additional rules that MUST be followed while negotiating DTX
parameters, see Section 6.8 in RFC 4788 [2].
o Any unknown parameter in an SDP offer MUST be ignored by the
receiver and MUST NOT be included in the SDP answer.
14. Declarative SDP Considerations
For declarative use of SDP in the Session Announcement Protocol (SAP)
[14]
[15] and the Real Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP) [15], [16], the following
considerations apply:
o Any 'maxptime' and 'ptime' values should be selected with care to
ensure that the session's participants can achieve reasonable
performance.
o The payload format configuration parameters are all declarative,
and a participant MUST use the configuration(s) that is provided
for the session. More than one configuration MAY be provided if
necessary by declaring multiple RTP payload types; however, the
number of types SHOULD be kept small. For declarative examples,
see Section 15.
o The usage of unidirectional receive-only parameters, such as
'mode-set-recv', should be excluded in any declarations, since
these parameters are meaningless in one-way streaming
applications.
15. Examples
Some example SDP session descriptions utilizing EVRC-NW encodings
follow. In these examples, long a=fmtp lines are folded to meet the
column width constraints of this document. The backslash ("\") at
the end of a line and the carriage return that follows it should be
ignored. Note that media subtype names are case-insensitive.
Parameter names are case-insensitive both in media types and in the
mapping to the SDP a=fmtp attribute.
Example usage of EVRCNW if wideband mode is supported:
m=audio 49120 RTP/AVP 97 98 99
a=rtpmap:97 EVRCNW/16000
a=rtpmap:98 EVRCWB/16000
a=rtpmap:99 EVRCB/8000
a=fmtp:97 mode-set-recv=0,1,2,3,4,5,6
a=fmtp:98 mode-set-recv=0,4
a=fmtp:99 recvmode=0
a=maxptime:120
Example usage of EVRCNW if wideband mode is not supported:
m=audio 49120 RTP/AVP 97 98 99
a=rtpmap:97 EVRCNW/16000
a=rtpmap:98 EVRCWB/16000
a=rtpmap:99 EVRCB/8000
a=fmtp:97 mode-set-recv=1,2,3,4,5,6
a=fmtp:98 mode-set-recv=4
a=fmtp:99 recvmode=0
a=maxptime:120
Example usage of EVRCNW0:
m=audio 49120 RTP/AVP 97 98 99
a=rtpmap:97 EVRCNW0/16000
a=rtpmap:98 EVRCWB0/16000
a=rtpmap:99 EVRCB0/8000
a=fmtp:97 mode-set-recv=0,1,2,3,4,5,6
a=fmtp:98 mode-set-recv=0,4
a=fmtp:99 recvmode=0
Example SDP answer from a media gateway requesting a terminal to
limit its encoder operation to EVRC-NW mode 4.
m=audio 49120 RTP/AVP 97
a=rtpmap:97 EVRCNW0/16000
a=fmtp:97 mode-set-recv=4
Example usage of EVRCNW1:
m=audio 49120 RTP/AVP 97 98 99
a=rtpmap:97 EVRCNW1/16000
a=rtpmap:98 EVRCWB1/16000
a=rtpmap:99 EVRCB1/8000
a=fmtp:97 fixedrate=0.5
a=fmtp:98 fixedrate=0.5
a=fmtp:99 fixedrate=0.5
a=maxptime:100
Example usage of EVRCNW with DTX with silencesupp=1:
m=audio 49120 RTP/AVP 97 98 99
a=rtpmap:97 EVRCNW/16000
a=rtpmap:98 EVRCWB/16000
a=rtpmap:99 EVRCB/8000
a=fmtp:97 silencesupp=1;dtxmax=32;dtxmin=12;hangover=1; \
mode-set-recv=0,1,2,3,4,5,6
a=fmtp:98 silencesupp=1;dtxmax=32;dtxmin=12;hangover=1; \
mode-set-recv=0,4
a=fmtp:99 recvmode=0
a=maxptime:120
Example usage of EVRCNW with DTX with silencesupp=0:
m=audio 49120 RTP/AVP 97 98 99
a=rtpmap:97 EVRCNW/16000
a=rtpmap:98 EVRCWB/16000
a=rtpmap:99 EVRCB/8000
a=fmtp:97 silencesupp=0;dtxmax=32;dtxmin=12;hangover=1; \
mode-set-recv=0,1,2,3,4,5,6
a=fmtp:98 silencesupp=0;dtxmax=32;dtxmin=12;hangover=1; \
mode-set-recv=0,4
a=fmtp:99 recvmode=0
a=maxptime:120
Example offer-answer exchange between EVRC-NW and legacy EVRC-B (RFC
4788):
Offer:
m=audio 55954 RTP/AVP 97 98 99
a=rtpmap:97 EVRCNW0/16000
a=rtpmap:98 EVRCWB0/16000
a=rtpmap:99 EVRCB0/8000
a=rtpmap:97 mode-set-recv=0,1,2,3,4,5,6
a=fmtp:98 mode-set-recv=0,4
a=fmtp:99 recvmode=0
Answer:
m=audio 55954 RTP/AVP 99
a=rtpmap:99 EVRCB0/8000
Example offer-answer exchange between EVRC-NW and legacy EVRC-WB (RFC
5188):
Offer:
m=audio 55954 RTP/AVP 97 98 99
a=rtpmap:97 EVRCNW0/16000
a=rtpmap:98 EVRCWB0/16000
a=rtpmap:99 EVRCB0/8000
a=rtpmap:97 mode-set-recv=0,1,2,3,4,5,6
a=fmtp:98 mode-set-recv=0,4
a=fmtp:99 recvmode=0
Answer:
m=audio 55954 RTP/AVP 98 99
a=rtpmap:98 EVRCWB0/16000
16. Security Considerations
Since compression is applied to the payload formats end-to-end, and
the encodings do not exhibit significant non-uniformity,
implementations of this specification are subject to all the security
considerations specified in RFC 3558 [6]. Implementations using the
payload defined in this specification are subject to the security
considerations discussed in RFC 3558 [6], RFC 3550 [5], and any
appropriate profile (for example, RFC 3551 [7]). Additional security
considerations are described in RFC 6562 [13].
17. References
17.1. Normative References
[1] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement
Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
[2] Xie, Q. and R. Kapoor, "Enhancements to RTP Payload Formats for
EVRC Family Codecs", RFC 4788, January 2007.
[3] Desineni, H. and Q. Xie, "RTP Payload Format for the Enhanced
Variable Rate Wideband Codec (EVRC-WB) and the Media Subtype
Updates for EVRC-B Codec", RFC 5188, February 2008.
[4] "Enhanced Variable Rate Codec, Speech Service Options 3, 68,
70, and 73 for Wideband Spread Spectrum Digital Systems",
3GPP2 C.S0014-D v3.0, October 2010, <http://www.3gpp2.org/
public_html/specs/C.S0014-D_v3.0_EVRC.pdf>.
[5] Schulzrinne, H., Casner, S., Frederick, R., and V. Jacobson,
"RTP: A Transport Protocol for Real-Time Applications", STD 64,
RFC 3550, July 2003.
[6] Li, A., "RTP Payload Format for Enhanced Variable Rate Codecs
(EVRC) and Selectable Mode Vocoders (SMV)", RFC 3558,
July 2003.
[7] Schulzrinne, H. and S. Casner, "RTP Profile for Audio and Video
Conferences with Minimal Control", STD 65, RFC 3551, July 2003.
[8] Casner, S., "Media Type Registration of RTP Payload Formats",
RFC 4855, February 2007.
[9] Freed, N., Klensin, J., and T. Hansen, "Media Type
Specifications and Registration Procedures", BCP 13, RFC 6838,
January 2013.
[10] Handley, M., Jacobson, V., and C. Perkins, "SDP: Session
Description Protocol", RFC 4566, July 2006.
[11] Garudadri, H., "MIME Type Registrations for 3GPP2 Multimedia
Files", RFC 4393, March 2006.
[12] Rosenberg, J. and H. Schulzrinne, "An Offer/Answer Model with
Session Description Protocol (SDP)", RFC 3264, June 2002.
[13] Perkins, C. and JM. Valin, "Guidelines for the Use of Variable
Bit Rate Audio with Secure RTP", RFC 6562, March 2012.
17.2. Informative References
[14] "3GPP2 File Formats for Multimedia Services", 3GPP2 C.S0050-B
v1.0, May 2007, <http://www.3gpp2.org/public_html/specs/
C.S0050-B_v1.0_070521.pdf>.
[15] Handley, M., Perkins, C., and E. Whelan, "Session Announcement
Protocol", RFC 2974, October 2000.
[15]
[16] Schulzrinne, H., Rao, A., and R. Lanphier, "Real Time Streaming
Protocol (RTSP)", RFC 2326, April 1998.
Author's Address
Zheng Fang
Qualcomm Incorporated
5775 Morehouse Drive
San Diego, CA 92126
USA
Phone: +1 858 651 9484
EMail: zfang@qualcomm.com
URI: http://www.qualcomm.com