wdiff rfc7102.original rfc7102.txt

Networking Working Group
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) JP. Vasseur
Internet-Draft
Request for Comments: 7102 Cisco Systems, Inc
Intended status: Inc.
Category: Informational September 30, 2013
Expires: March 31, January 2014
ISSN: 2070-1721

Terms used Used in Ruting Routing for Low power And Low-Power and Lossy Networks
draft-ietf-roll-terminology-13.txt

Abstract

The documents

This document provides a glossary of terminology used in routing
requirements and solutions for networks referred to as Low power Low-Power and
Lossy Networks (LLN). (LLNs). An LLN is typically composed of many embedded
devices with limited power, memory, and processing resources
interconnected by a variety of links. There is a wide scope of
application areas for LLNs, including industrial monitoring, building
automation (e.g. Heating, Ventilating, Air Conditioning, (e.g., heating, ventilation, air conditioning, lighting,
access control, fire), connected home, healthcare, health care, environmental
monitoring, urban sensor networks, energy management, assets
tracking, and refrigeration.

Status of This Memo

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provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

Internet-Drafts are working documents not an Internet Standards Track specification; it is
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This Internet-Draft will expire on March 31, 2014.
http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7102.

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Table of Contents

1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 ....................................................2
2. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 .....................................................3
3. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
5. .........................................7
4. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
6. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
6.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
6.2. ................................................7
5. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Author's Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 ..........................................7

1. Introduction

The documents

This document provides a glossary of terminology used in routing
requirements and solutions for networks referred to as Low power Low-Power and
Lossy Networks (LLN).

Low power and Lossy networks (LLNs) (LLNs).

LLNs are typically composed of many embedded devices with limited
power, memory, and processing resources interconnected by a variety
of links, such as IEEE 802.15.4, Low
Power WiFi. 802.15.4 or low-power Wi-Fi. There is a wide
scope of application areas for LLNs, including industrial monitoring,
building automation (HVAC, (heating, ventilation, air conditioning,
lighting, access control, fire), connected home, healthcare, health care,
environmental monitoring, urban sensor networks, energy management,
assets tracking tracking, and refrigeration.

Since these applications are usually highly specific (for example
Industrial Automation, Building Automation, ...), example,
industrial automation, building automation, etc.), it is not uncommon
to see a number of disparate terms used to describe the same device
or functionality. Thus Thus, in order to avoid confusion or
discrepancies, this document specifies the common terminology to be
used in all ROLL
Working Group working group documents. The terms defined in this
document are used in [RFC5548],[RFC5673], [RFC5826] [RFC5548], [RFC5673], [RFC5826], and [RFC5867].

Terminology specific to a particular application are is out of the scope
of this document.

It is expected that all routing requirements documents defining requirements or
specifying routing solutions for LLN will use the common terminology
specified in this document. This document should be listed as an
informative reference.

2. Terminology

Actuator: a A field device that controls a set of equipment. For
example, an actuator might control and/or modulate the flow of a
gas or liquid, control electricity distribution, perform a
mechanical operation, ... etc.

AMI: Advanced Metering Infrastructure that makes Infrastructure. Makes use of Smart Grid
technologies. A canonical Smart Grid application is smart-metering. smart-
metering.

Channel: Radio frequency sub-band used to transmit a modulated signal
carrying packets.

Channel Hopping: A procedure by which field devices synchronously
change channels during operation.

Commissioning Tool: Any physical or logical device temporarily added
to the network for the express purpose of setting up the network
and device operational parameters. The commisioning commissioning tool can
also be temporarily added to the LLN for scheduled or unscheduled
maintenance.

Closed Loop Control: A procedure whereby a device controller controls
an actuator based on input information sensed by one or more field
devices.

Controller: A field device that can receive sensor input and
automatically change the environment in the facility by
manipulating digital or analog actuators.

DA: Distribution Automation, part Automation. Part of Smart Grid. Encompasses
technologies for maintenance and management of electrical
distribution systems.

DAG: Directed Acyclic Graph: Graph. A directed graph with no directed
cycles (a graph formed by a collection of vertices and directed
edges where each edge connects one vertex to another, such that
there is no way to start at some vertex v and follow a sequence of
edges that eventually loops back to the edge vertex v again) again).

Data sink: A device that collects data from nodes in an LLN.

Downstream: Data direction traveling from outside of the LLN (e.g. (e.g.,
traffic coming from a LAN, WAN WAN, or the Internet) via a LBR, an LLN Border
Router (LBR), or in
general general, "deeper" in the Directed Acyclic
Graph computed by the routing protocol.

Field Device: A field device is a physical device placed in the
network's operating environment (e.g. (e.g., plant, urban area, or
home). Field devices include sensors, sensors and actuators as well as
routers and Low power Low-Power and Lossy Network Border Router (LBR). Routers (LBRs). A
field device is usually (but not always) a device with constrained
CPU, memory footprint, storage capacity, bandwidth bandwidth, and sometimes
power (battery operated). At the time of writing, for the sake of
illustration, a typical sensor or actuator would have a few KBytes
Kilobytes of RAM, a few dozens of
KBytes Kilobytes of ROM/Flash memory, a 8/16/32 bit microcontroller
8-/16-/32-bit microcontroller, and communication capabilities
ranging from a few Kbits/s kbits/s to a few
hundreds of KBits/s. hundred kbits/s. Although it is expected to see
continuous
improvements improvement of hardware and software technologies, technologies is
expected, such devices will likely continue to be seen as resource constrained
resource-constrained devices compared
compared to computers and routers
used in the rest of the Internet.

Flash memory: Memory: non-volatile memory that can be re-programmed.

FMS: Facility Management System. A global term applied across all
the vertical designations within a building including, Heating,
Ventilating, building, including heating,
ventilation, and Air Conditioning also air conditioning (also referred to as HVAC, Fire,
Security, Lighting HVAC),
fire, security, lighting, and Elevator elevator control.

HART: "Highway Highway Addressable Remote Transducer", a Transducer. A group of
specifications for industrial process and control devices
administered by the HART Foundation (see [HART]). The latest
version for the specifications is HART7 HART7, which includes the
additions for WirelessHART.

HVAC: Heating, Ventilation Ventilation, and Air Conditioning. A term applied to
mechanisms used to maintain the comfort level of an internal
space.

ISA: "International International Society of Automation". ISA is an Automation. An ANSI accredited
standards-making society. ISA100 is an ISA committee whose
charter includes defining a family of standards for industrial
automation. [ISA100.11a] is a working group within ISA100 that is
working on a standard for monitoring and non-critical process process-
control applications.

LAN: Local Area Network.

LBR: Low power Low-Power and Lossy Network Border Router. The LBR is a A device that
connects the Low power Low-Power and Lossy Network to another routing domain
such as a Local Area Network (LAN), Wide Area Network (WAN) LAN, a WAN, or the Internet where a possibly different routing
protocol is may be in operation. The LBR acts as a routing device
and may possibly host other functions such as data collector or
aggregator.

LLN: Low power Low-Power and Lossy networks (LLNs) are typically Network. Typically composed of many
embedded devices with limited power, memory, and processing
resources interconnected by a variety of links, such as IEEE
802.15.4 or Low Power WiFi. low-power Wi-Fi. There is a wide scope of application
areas for LLNs, including industrial monitoring, building
automation (HVAC, lighting, access control, fire), connected home, healthcare,
health care, environmental monitoring, urban sensor networks,
energy management, assets tracking tracking, and refrigeration.. refrigeration.

MP2P: Multipoint-to-Point is used Multipoint-to-Point. Used to describe a particular traffic
pattern (e.g. (e.g., MP2P flows collecting information from many nodes
flowing upstream towards a collecting sink or an LBR).

MAC: Medium Access Control. Refers to algorithms and procedures used
by the data link layer to coordinate use of the physical layer.

Non-sleepy

Non-Sleepy Node: A non-sleepy node is a node that always remains in a fully powered on powered-on
state (i.e. (i.e., always awake) where it has the capability to perform
communication.

Open Loop Control: A process whereby a plant operator manually
manipulates an actuator over the network where the decision is
influenced by information sensed by field devices.

PER: Packet Error Rate. A ratio of the number of unusable packets
(not received at all, all or received in error- error, even after any
applicable error correction has been applied) to the total number
of packets that would have been been received in the absence of errors.

P2P: Point To Point. This refers Refers to traffic exchanged between two nodes
(regardless of the number of hops between the two nodes).

P2MP: Point-to-Multipoint traffic refers Point-to-Multipoint. Refers to traffic between one node and a
set of nodes. This is similar to the P2MP concept in Multicast or
MPLS Traffic Engineering ([RFC4461]and [RFC4875]). A common RPL use
case for the Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks
(RPL) involves P2MP flows from or through a DAG root outward
towards other nodes contained in the DAG.

RAM: Random Access Memory. The RAM is a A volatile memory.

RFID: Radio Frequency IDentification.

ROM: Read Only Read-Only Memory.

ROLL: Routing Over Low power Low-Power and Lossy networks. Networks.

RPL: An IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks that
provides a mechanism whereby multipoint-to-point traffic from
devices inside the LLN towards a central control point as well as point-to-
multipoint
point-to-multipoint traffic from the central control point to the
devices inside the LLN are supported. RPL also support point-to-point supports point-to-
point traffic between any arbitratry node arbitrary nodes in the LLN.

RPL Domain: A RPL routing domain is a collection of RPL routers under the control of a single
administration. The boundaries of routing domains are defined by
network management by setting some links to be exterior, or inter-domain, inter-
domain, links.

Schedule: An agreed execution, wake-up, transmission, reception,
etc., time-table timetable between two or more field devices.

Sensor: A sensor is a device that measures a physical quantity and converts it to
an analog or digital signal that can be read by a program or a
user. Sensed data can be of many types: electromagnetic
(e.g. (e.g.,
current, voltage, power, resistance, ...) , or resistance), mechanical (e.g. (e.g.,
pressure, flow, liquid density, humidity, ...), or humidity), chemical (e.g.
oxygen, (e.g.,
oxygen or carbon monoxide, ...), monoxide), acoustic (e.g. noise, (e.g., noise or ultrasound),
...
etc.

Sleepy Node: A sleepy node is a node that may sometimes go into a sleep mode (i.e. (i.e., go
into a low power low-power state to conserve power) and temporarily suspend
protocol communication. When no not in a sleep mode, the sleepy node
is in a fully powered on powered-on state where it has the capability to
perform communication.

Smart Grid: A Smart Grid is a broad class of applications to network and automate
utility infrastructure.

Timeslot: A Timeslot is a fixed time interval that may be used for the transmission
or reception of a packet between two field devices. A timeslot
used for communications is associated with a slotted-link slotted-link.

Upstream: Data direction traveling from the LLN via the LBR to
outside of the LLN (LAN, WAN, or Internet) or general generally closer to
the root of the Directed Acyclic Graph DAG computed by the routing protocol.

WAN: Wide Area Network.

3. IANA Considerations

This document includes no request for IANA action.

4. Security Considerations

Since this document specifies terminology and does not specify new
procedure
procedures or protocols, it raises no new security issue.

5. issues.

4. Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Christian Jacquenet, Tim Winter,
Pieter De Mil, David Meyer, Mukul Goyal Goyal, and Abdussalam Baryun for
their valuable feed-back.

6. References

6.1. feedback.

5. Informative References

[HART] HART Communication Foundation (http://www.hartcomm.org) Foundation, <http://www.hartcomm.org>.

[ISA100.11a]
ISA, "Wireless systems for industrial automation: Process
control and related applications", ISA 100.11a, May 2008,
<http://www.isa.org/Community/
SP100WirelessSystemsforAutomation>.

[RFC4461] Yasukawa, S., Ed., "Signaling Requirements for Point-to-
Multipoint Traffic-Engineered MPLS Label Switched Paths
(LSPs)", RFC 4461, April 2006.

[RFC4875] Aggarwal, R., Ed., Papadimitriou, D., Ed., and S. Yasukawa,
Ed., "Extensions to Resource Reservation Protocol - Traffic
Engineering (RSVP-TE) for Point-to-Multipoint TE Label
Switched Paths (LSPs)", RFC 4875, May 2007.

[RFC5548] Dohler, M., Ed., Watteyne, T., Ed., Winter, T., Ed., and D.
Barthel, Ed., "Routing Requirements for Urban Low-Power and
Lossy Networks", RFC 5548, May 2009.

[RFC5673] Pister, K., Ed., Thubert, P., Ed., Dwars, S., and T.
Phinney, "Industrial Routing Requirements in Low-Power and
Lossy Networks", RFC 5673, October 2009.

[RFC5826] Brandt, A., Buron, J., and G. Porcu, "Home Automation
Routing Requirements in Low-Power and Lossy Networks", RFC
5826, April 2010.

[RFC5867] Martocci, J., Ed., De Mil, P., Riou, N., and W. Vermeylen,
"Building Automation Routing Requirements in Low-Power and
Lossy Networks", RFC 5867, June 2010.

Author's Address
JP

JP. Vasseur
Cisco Systems, Inc Inc.
1414 Massachusetts Avenue
Boxborough, MA 01719
USA

Email:
US

EMail: jpv@cisco.com