wdiff rfc7431.original rfc7431.txt

Network Working Group
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) A. Karan
Internet-Draft
Request for Comments: 7431 C. Filsfils
Intended status:
Category: Informational IJ. Wijnands, Ed.
Expires: November 19, 2015
ISSN: 2070-1721 Cisco Systems, Inc.
B. Decraene
Orange
May 18,
August 2015

Multicast only

Multicast-Only Fast Re-Route
draft-ietf-rtgwg-mofrr-08 Reroute

Abstract

As IPTV deployments grow in number and size, service providers are
looking for solutions that minimize the service disruption due to
faults in the IP network carrying the packets for these services.
This document describes a mechanism for minimizing packet loss in a
network when node or link failures occur. Multicast only Multicast-only Fast Re-
Route
Reroute (MoFRR) works by making simple enhancements to multicast
routing protocols such as PIM Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) and mLDP.
Multipoint LDP (mLDP).

Status of This Memo

This Internet-Draft document is submitted in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

Internet-Drafts are working documents not an Internet Standards Track specification; it is
published for informational purposes.

This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force
(IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute
working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list It represents the consensus of current Internet-
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Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid the IETF community. It has
received public review and has been approved for publication by the
Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Not all documents
approved by the IESG are a maximum candidate for any level of Internet
Standard; see Section 2 of RFC 5741.

Information about the current status of six months this document, any errata,
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material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

This Internet-Draft will expire on November 19, 2015.
http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7431.

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Table of Contents

1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 ....................................................3
1.1. Conventions used Used in this document . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 This Document ..........................3
1.2. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 ................................................3
2. Basic Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 ..................................................4
3. Determination of the secondary Secondary UMH . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 ..............................5
3.1. ECMP-mode ECMP-Mode MoFRR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 ............................................5
3.2. Non-ECMP-mode Non-ECMP-Mode MoFRR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 ........................................5
4. Upstream Multicast Hop Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 ................................6
4.1. PIM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 ........................................................6
4.2. mLDP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 .......................................................6
5. Detecting Failures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 ..............................................6
6. MoFRR applicability Applicability to Dual-Plane Topology . . . . . . . . . 7 ......................7
7. Other Topologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 ...............................................10
8. Capacity Planning for MoFRR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 ....................................11
9. PE nodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Nodes .......................................................11
10. Other Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 ............................................11
11. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
12. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
13. Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
14. Contributor Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
15. .......................................12
12. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
15.1. ....................................................12
12.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
15.2. .....................................12
12.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 ...................................12
Acknowledgments ...................................................13
Contributors ......................................................13
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 ................................................14

1. Introduction

Different solutions have been developed and deployed to improve
service guarantees, both for multicast video traffic and Video on
Demand traffic. Most of these solutions are geared towards finding
an alternate path around one or more failed network elements (link,
node, or path failures).

This document describes a mechanism for minimizing packet loss in a
network when node or link failures occur. Multicast only Multicast-only Fast Re-
Route
Reroute (MoFRR) works by making simple changes to the way selected
routers use multicast protocols such as PIM and mLDP. No changes to
the protocols themselves are required. With MoFRR, in many cases,
multicast routing protocols don't necessarily have to depend on or
have to wait on unicast routing protocols to detect network failures, failures;
see Section 5.

On a Merge Point Point, MoFRR logic determines a primary Upstream Multicast
Hop (UMH) and a secondary UMH and joins the tree via both
simultaneously. Data packets are received over the primary and
secondary paths. Only the packets from the primary UMH are accepted
and forwarded down the tree, tree; the packets from the secondary UMH are
discarded. The UMH determination is different for PIM and mLDP and
explained in Section 4. When a failure is detected on the path to
the primary UMH, the repair occurs by changing the secondary UMH into
the primary and the primary into the secondary. Since the repair is
local, it is fast - -- greatly improving convergence times in the event
of node or link failures on the path to the primary UMH.

1.1. Conventions used Used in this document This Document

The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119].

1.2. Terminology

MoFRR: Multicast only Multicast-only Fast Re-Route. Reroute.

ECMP: Equal Cost Multi-Path. Equal-Cost Multipath.

mLDP: Multi-point Multipoint Label Distribution Protocol.

PIM: Protocol Independent Multicast.

UMH: Upstream Multicast Hop, a Hop. A candidate next-hop that can be used
to reach the root of the tree.

tree: Either a PIM (S,G)/(*,G) tree or a an mLDP P2MP Point-to-Multipoint
(P2MP) or MP2MP Multipoint-to-Multipoint (MP2MP) LSP.

OIF: Outgoing InterFace, an interface. An interface used to forward multicast
packets down the tree towards the receivers. Either a PIM
(S,G)/(*,G) tree or a an mLDP P2MP or MP2MP LSP.

LFA: Loop Free Loop-Free Alternate as defined in [RFC5286]. In unicast Fast
ReRoute,
Reroute, this is an alternate next-hop which that can be used to reach a
unicast destination without using the protected link or node.

Merge Point: A router that joins a multicast stream via two divergent
upstream paths.

RPF: Reverse Path Forwarding.

RP: Rendezvous Point.

LSR:

LSP: Label Switched Path.

LSR: Label Switching Router.

BFD: Bidirectional Forwarding Detection.

IGP: Interior Gateway Protocol.

MVPN: Multicast Virtual Private Networks. Network.

POP: Point Of Presence, an access point into the network.

2. Basic Overview

The basic idea of MoFRR is for a Merge Point router to join a
multicast tree via two divergent upstream paths in order to get
maximum redundancy. The determination of this alternate upstream is
defined in Section 3.

In order to maximize robustness against any failure, the two paths
should be as diverse as possible. Ideally, they should not merge
upstream. Sometimes the topology guarantees maximal redundancy, redundancy;
other times additional configuration or techniques are needed to
enforce it. See Section 6 for more discussion on the applicability
of MoFRR depending on the network topology.

A Merge Point router should only accept and forward on one of the
upstream paths at a time in order to avoid duplicate packet
forwarding. The selection of the primary and secondary UMH is done
by the MoFRR logic and normally based on unicast routing to find loop
free
loop-free candidates. This is described in Section 4.

Note, the impact of an additional amount of data on the network is
mitigated when tree membership is densely populated. When a part of
the network has redundant data flowing, join latency for new joining
members is reduced because its it's likely a tree Merge Point is not far
away.

3. Determination of the secondary Secondary UMH

The secondary UMH is a Loop Free Loop-Free Alternate (LFA) as per [RFC5286].

3.1. ECMP-mode ECMP-Mode MoFRR

If the IGP installs two ECMP paths to the source, then as per
[RFC5286] the LFA is a primary Next-hop. next-hop. If the Multicast multicast tree is
enabled for ECMP-Mode ECMP-mode MoFRR, the router installs them the paths as primary
and secondary UMH. UMHs. Before the failure, only packets received from
the primary UMH path are processed processed, while packets received from the
secondary UMH are dropped.

The selected primary UMH SHOULD be the same as if the MoFRR extension
was
were not enabled.

If more than two ECMP paths exist, one is selected as primary and
another as secondary UMH. The selection of the primary and secondary
is a local decision. Information from the IGP link-state topology
could be leveraged to optimize this selection such that the primary
and secondary path paths are maximal divergent and don't lead to the same
upstream node. Note that MoFRR does not restrict the number of UMH
paths that are joined. Implementations may use as many paths as are
configured.

3.2. Non-ECMP-mode Non-ECMP-Mode MoFRR

A router X configured for non-ECMP-mode MoFRR for a Multicast multicast tree
joins a primary path to its primary UMH and a secondary path to its
LFA UMH. In order to prevent control-plane loops loops, a router MUST stop
joining the secondary UMH if this UMH is the only member in the OIF
list.

To illustrate the reason for this rule, let's consider the example in
FIG3.
Figure 3. If two Provider Edge routers, PE1 and PE2 PE2, have received
an IGMP request for a Multicast multicast tree, they will both join the primary
path on their plane and a secondary path to the neighbor PE. If
their receivers would leave at the same time, it could be it's possible for the Multicast
multicast tree on PE1 and PE2 to never get deleted deleted, as each PE the PEs
refresh each other via the secondary path joins (remember that a
secondary path join is not distinguishable from a primary join).

4. Upstream Multicast Hop Selection

An Upstream Multicast Hop (UMH) is a candidate next-hop that can be
used to reach the root of the tree. This is normally based on
unicast routing to find loop free loop-free candidate(s). With MoFRR
procedures
procedures, we select a primary and a backup UMH. The procedures for
determining the UMH are different for PIM and mLDP.

4.1. PIM

The UMH selection in PIM is also known as the Reverse Path Forwarding
(RPF) procedure. Based on a unicast route lookup on either the
Source
source address or Rendezvous Point (RP) [RFC4601], an upstream
interface is selected for sending the PIM Joins/Prunes AND accepting
the multicast packets. The interface the packets are received on is
used to pass or fail the RPF check. If packets are received on an
interface that was not selected as the primary by the RPF procedure, or not the
primary,
the packets are discarded.

4.2. mLDP

The UMH selection in mLDP also depends on unicast routing, but the
difference with from PIM is that the acceptance of multicast packets is
based on MPLS labels and is independent of the interface on which the
packet is
received on. received. Using the procedures as defined in [RFC6388] [RFC6388], an
upstream Label Switched Switching Router (LSR) is elected. The upstream LSR
that was elected for a Label Switched Path (LSP) gets a unique local
MPLS Label label allocated. Multicast packets are only forwarded if the
MPLS label matches the MPLS label that was allocated for that LSPs LSP's
(primary) upstream LSR.

5. Detecting Failures

Once the two paths are established, the next step is detecting a
failure on the primary path to know when to switch to the backup
path. This is a local issue issue, but this section explores some
possibilities.

The first (and simplest) option is to detect the failure of the local
interface as it it's done for unicast Fast ReRoute. Reroute. Detection can be
performed using the loss of signal or the loss of probing packets
(e.g.
(e.g., BFD). This option can be used in combination with the other
options as documented below. Just like for unicast fast reroute,
50msec switch-over
50 msec switchover is possible.

A second option consists of comparing the packets received on the
primary and secondary streams but only forwarding one of them -- the
first one received, no matter which interface it is received on.
Zero packet loss is possible for RTP-based streams.

A third option assumes a minimum known packet rate for a given data
stream. If a packet is not received on the primary RPF within this
time frame, the router assumes primary path failure and switches to
the secondary RPF interface. 50msec switch-over 50 msec switchover may be possible for
high rate stream (e.g. IP TV
high-rate streams (e.g., IPTV where SD video has a continuous inter-
packet gap of ~ 3msec) about 3 msec), but in general the delay is dependant dependent on
the rate of the multicast stream.

A fourth option leverages the significant improvements of the IGP
convergence speed. When the primary path to the source is withdrawn
by the IGP, the MoFRR-enabled router switches over to the backup
path, and the UMH is changed to the secondary UMH. Since the
secondary path is already in place, and assuming it is disjoint from
the primary path, convergence times would not include the time
required to build a new tree and hence are smaller. Sub-second to sub-200msec
switch-over
sub-200 msec switchover should be possible.

6. MoFRR applicability Applicability to Dual-Plane Topology

MoFRR applicability is topology dependent. The applicability is the
same as LFA FRR FRR, which is discussed in [RFC6571].

The following section will discuss MoFRR applicability to dual-plane
network topologies.

MoFRR works best in dual-planes topologies as illustrated in the
figures below. MoFRR may be enabled on any router in the network.
In the figures below, MoFRR is shown enabled on the Provider Edge
(PE) routers to illustrate one way in which the technology may be
deployed.

S
P / \ P
/ \
^ G1 R1 ^
P / \ P
/ \
G2----------R2 ^
| \ | \ P
^ | \ | \
P | G3----------R3
| | | |
| | | | ^
G4---|------R4 | P
^ \ | \ |
P \ | \ |
G5----------R5
^ | | ^
P | | P
| |
Gi Ri
\ \__ ^ /|
\ \ S1/ | ^
^ \ ^\ / |P2
P1 \ S2\_/__ |
\ / \|
PE1 PE2

P = Primary path
S = Secondary path

FIG1.

Figure 1: Two-Plane Network Design

The topology has two planes, a primary plane and a secondary plane
that are fully disjoint from each other all the way into the POPs.
This two plane two-plane design is common in service provider networks as it
eliminates single point of failures in their core network. The links
marked P indicate the normal (Primary) (primary) path of how the PIM joins Joins flow
from the POPs towards the source of the network. Multicast streams,
especially for the densely watched channels, typically flow along
both the planes in the network anyway.

The only change MoFRR adds to this is on the links marked S where the
PE routers join a secondary path to their secondary ECMP UMH. As a
result of this, each PE router receives two copies of the same
stream, one from the primary plane and the other from the secondary
plane. As a result of normal UMH behavior, the multicast stream
received over the primary path is accepted and forwarded to the
downstream receivers. The copy of the stream received from the
secondary UNH UMH is discarded.

When a router detects a routing failure on the path to its primary
UMH, it will switch to the secondary UMH and accept packets for that
stream. If the failure is repaired repaired, the router may switch back. The
primary and secondary UMHs have only local context and not end-to-end
context.

As one can see, MoFRR achieves the faster convergence by pre-building
the secondary multicast tree and receiving the traffic on that
secondary path. The example discussed above is a simple case where
there are two ECMP paths from each PE device towards the source, one
along the primary plane and one along the secondary. In cases where
the topology is asymmetric or is a ring, this ECMP nature does not
hold, and additional rules have to be taken into account to choose
when and where to join the secondary path.

MoFRR is appealing in such topologies for the following reasons:

1. Ease of deployment and simplicity: the functionality is only
required on the PE devices devices, although it may be configured on all
routers in the topology. Furthermore, each PE device can be
enabled separately, separately; there is no need for a network wide network-wide
coordination in order to deploy MoFRR. Inter-operability Interoperability testing
is not required as there are no PIM or mLDP protocol change. changes.

2. End-to-end failure detection and recovery: any failure along the
path from the source to the PE can be detected and repaired with
the secondary disjoint stream.(see Section 5 stream. (See the second, third, and
fourth options 2, 3, 4) in Section 5.)

3. Capacity Efficiency: efficiency: as illustrated in the previous example, the
Multicast
multicast trees corresponding to IPTV channels cover the backbone
and distribution topology in a very dense manner. As a
consequence, the secondary path graft into grafts onto the normal Multicast multicast
trees (ie. (i.e., trees signaled by PIM or mLDP without the MoFRR
extension) at the aggregation level and hence do does not demand any
extra capacity either on the distribution links or in the
backbone.
They The secondary path simply use uses the capacity that is
normally used, without any duplication. This is different from
conventional FRR mechanisms
which that often duplicate the capacity
requirements when the backup path crosses links/nodes which that
already carry the primary/normal
tree tree, and hence thus twice as much
capacity is required.

4. Loop free: Loop-free: the secondary path join is sent on an ECMP disjoint
path. By definition, the neighbor receiving this request is
closer to the source and hence will not cause a loop.

The topology we just analyzed is very frequent and can be modelled modeled as
per FIG2. Figure 2. The PE has two ECMP disjoint paths to the source.
Each ECMP path uses a disjoint plane of the network.

Source
/ \
Plane1 Plane2
| |
A1 A2
\ /
PE

FIG2.

Figure 2: PE is dual-homed Dual-Homed to Dual-Plane Backbone

Another frequent topology is described in FIG3. Figure 3. PEs are grouped
by pairs. In each pair, each PE is connected to a different plane.
Each PE has one single shortest-path to a source (via its connected
plane). There is no ECMP like in FIG2. Figure 2. However, there is
clearly a way to provide MoFRR benefits as each PE can offer a
disjoint secondary path to the PE in the other plane PE (via the
disjoint path).

The MoFRR secondary neighbor selection process needs to be extended
in this case as one cannot simply rely on using an ECMP path as
secondary neighbor. This extension is referred to as non-ecmp
extension non-ECMP-mode
MoFRR and is described in Section 3.2.

Source
/ \
Plane1 Plane2
| |
A1 A2
| |
PE1----PE2

FIG3.

Figure 3: PEs are connected Are Connected in pairs Pairs to Dual-Plane Backbone

7. Other Topologies

As mentioned in section Section 6, MoFRR works best in dual-plane topologies.
If MoFRR is applied to none dual-plane non-dual-plane networks, its it's possible that
the secondary path is effected affected by the same failure that
effected affected the
primary path. In that case, there is no guarentee guarantee that the backup
path will provide an un-interupted uninterrupted traffic flow of packets without
loss or duplication.

8. Capacity Planning for MoFRR

The previous section has described two very frequent designs (FIG2 (Figures
2 and FIG3) 3) which provide maximum MoFRR benefits.

Designers with topologies different than FIG2 Figures 2 and FIG3 3 can still
benefit from MoFRR MoFRR, thanks to the use of capacity planning tools.

Such tools are able to simulate the ability of each PE to build two
disjoint branches of the same tree. This simulation could be for
hundreds of PEs and hundreds of sources.

This allows to assess an assessment of the MoFRR protection coverage of a given
network, for a set of sources.

If the protection coverage is deemed insufficient, the designer can
use such a tool to optimize the topology (add links, change IGP
metrics).

9. PE nodes Nodes

Many Service Providers devise their topology such that PEs have
disjoint paths to the multicast sources. MoFRR leverages the
existence of these disjoint paths without any PIM or mLDP protocol
modification. Interoperability testing is thus not required. In
such topologies, MoFRR only needs to be deployed on the PE devices.
Each PE device can be enabled one by one.

10. Other Applications

While all the examples in this document show the MoFRR applicability
on PE devices, it is clear that MoFRR could be enabled on aggregation
or core routers.

MoFRR can be popular in Data Center data center network configurations. With the
advent of lower cost ethernet lower-cost Ethernet and increasing port density in routers,
there is more meshed connectivity than ever before. When using a
3-level
three-level access, distribution, and core layers in a Data Center, data center,
there is a lot of inexpensive bandwidth connecting the layers. This
will lend itself to more opportunities for ECMP paths at multiple
layers. This allows for multiple layers of redundancy protecting
link and node failure at each layer with minimal redundancy cost.

Redundancy costs are reduced because only one packet is forwarded at
every link along the primary and secondary data paths so there is no
duplication of data on any link thereby providing make-before-break
protection at a very small cost.

A MoFRR router only accepts packets from the primary path and
discards packets from the secondary path. For that reason,
management applications (like ping and mtrace) will not work when
verifying the secondary path.

The MoFRR principle may be applied to MVPNs.

11. IANA Considerations

This document makes no request of IANA.

12. Security Considerations

There are no security considerations for this design other than what
is already in the main PIM specification [RFC4601] and mLDP
specification [RFC6388].

13. Acknowledgments

Thanks to Dave Oran and Alvaro Retana for their review and comments
on this document.

The authors would like to especially acknowledge the contribution
from Dino Farinacci, John Zwiebel and Greg Shepherd for the genesis
of the MoFRR concept.

14. Contributor Addresses

Below is a list of other contributing authors in alphabetical order:

Dino Farinacci
Email: farinacci@gmail.com

Wim Henderickx
Alcatel-Lucent
Copernicuslaan 50
Antwerp 2018
Belgium
Email: wim.henderickx@alcatel-lucent.com

Uwe Joorde
Deutsche Telekom
Dahlweg 100
D-48153 Muenster
Germany
Email: Uwe.Joorde@telekom.de

Nicolai Leymann
Deutsche Telekom
Winterfeldtstrasse 21
Berlin 10781
DE
Email: N.Leymann@telekom.de

Jeff Tantsura
Ericsson
300 Holger Way
San Jose CA 95134
USA
Email: jeff.tantsura@ericsson.com

15.

12. References

15.1.

12.1. Normative References

[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997. 1997,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.

[RFC5286] Atlas, A. A., Ed., and A. Zinin, Ed., "Basic Specification
for IP Fast Reroute: Loop-Free Alternates", RFC 5286,
DOI 10.17487/RFC5286, September 2008.

15.2. 2008,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5286>.

12.2. Informative References

[RFC4601] Fenner, B., Handley, M., Holbrook, H., and I. Kouvelas,
"Protocol Independent Multicast - Sparse Mode (PIM-SM):
Protocol Specification (Revised)", RFC 4601,
DOI 10.17487/RFC4601, August 2006. 2006,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4601>.

[RFC6388] Wijnands, IJ., Ed., Minei, I., Ed., Kompella, K., and B.
Thomas, "Label Distribution Protocol Extensions for Point-to-
Multipoint Point-
to-Multipoint and Multipoint-to-Multipoint Label Switched
Paths", RFC 6388, DOI 10.17487/RFC6388, November 2011. 2011,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6388>.

[RFC6571] Filsfils, C., Ed., Francois, P., Ed., Shand, M., Decraene,
B., Uttaro, J., Leymann, N., and M. Horneffer, "Loop-Free
Alternate (LFA) Applicability in Service Provider (SP)
Networks", RFC 6571, DOI 10.17487/RFC6571, June 2012. 2012,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6571>.

Acknowledgments

Thanks to Dave Oran and Alvaro Retana for their review and comments
on this document.

The authors would like to especially acknowledge Dino Farinacci, John
Zwiebel, and Greg Shepherd for the genesis of the MoFRR concept.

Contributors

Below is a list of the contributors in alphabetical order:

Dino Farinacci
Email: farinacci@gmail.com

Wim Henderickx
Alcatel-Lucent
Copernicuslaan 50
Antwerp 2018
Belgium
Email: wim.henderickx@alcatel-lucent.com

Uwe Joorde
Deutsche Telekom
Dahlweg 100
D-48153 Muenster
Germany
Email: Uwe.Joorde@telekom.de

Nicolai Leymann
Deutsche Telekom
Winterfeldtstrasse 21
Berlin 10781
Germany
Email: N.Leymann@telekom.de

Jeff Tantsura
Ericsson
300 Holger Way
San Jose, CA 95134
United States
Email: jeff.tantsura@ericsson.com

Authors' Addresses

Apoorva Karan
Cisco Systems, Inc.
3750 Cisco Way
San Jose CA, Jose, CA 95134
USA
United States

Email: apoorva@cisco.com

Clarence Filsfils
Cisco Systems, Inc.
De kleetlaan 6a
Diegem BRABANT 1831
Belgium

Email: cfilsfil@cisco.com

IJsbrand Wijnands (editor)
Cisco Systems, Inc.
De Kleetlaan 6a
Diegem 1831
BE
Belgium

Email: ice@cisco.com

Bruno Decraene
Orange
38-40 rue du General Leclerc
Issy Moulineaux Cedex 9, 92794
FR
France

Email: bruno.decraene@orange.com