wdiff rfc7867.original rfc7867.txt

XRBLOCK
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) R. Huang
INTERNET-DRAFT
Request for Comments: 7867 Huawei
Intended Status:
Category: Standards Track March 30, 2016
Expires: September 30, July 2016

RTCP XR
ISSN: 2070-1721

RTP Control Protocol (RTCP) Extended Report (XR) Block
for Loss Concealment Metrics Reporting on for Video Applications
draft-ietf-xrblock-rtcp-xr-video-lc-06

Abstract

This document defines a new RTCP XR RTP Control Protocol (RTCP) Extended
Report Block (XR) block that allows the reporting of loss concealment
metrics for video applications of RTP.

Status of this This Memo

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provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

Internet-Drafts are working documents an Internet Standards Track document.

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Internet Standards is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
material or to cite them other than as "work available in progress."

The list Section 2 of RFC 7841.

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http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7867.

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Table of Contents

1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.1 ....................................................2
1.1. RTCP and RTCP XR Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.2 ...................................3
1.2. Performance Metrics Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.3 ..............................3
1.3. Applicability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2 ..............................................3
2. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3 .....................................................3
3. Video Loss Concealment Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
4 ..................................3
4. Video Loss Concealment Report Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
5 .............................4
5. SDP Signaling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
5.1 ...................................................8
5.1. SDP rtcp-xr-attrib Attribute Extension . . . . . . . . . . . 9
5.2 .....................8
5.2. Offer/Answer Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
6 .........................................9
6. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
7 .........................................9
7. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
7.1 .............................................9
7.1. New RTCP XR Block Type Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
7.2 ...............................9
7.2. New RTCP XR SDP Parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
7.3 ..................................9
7.3. Contact Information for registrations . . . . . . . . . . . 10
8 Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
9 Registrations .....................10
8. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
9.1 .....................................................10
8.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
9.2 ......................................10
8.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 ....................................11
Appendix A. Metrics Represented Using the Template from RFC 6390 . 11 ..11
Acknowledgements ..................................................16
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

1 ................................................16

1. Introduction

Multimedia applications often suffer from packet losses in IP
networks. In order to get a reasonable degree of quality in case of when there
is packet losses, loss, it is necessary to have loss concealment mechanisms
at the decoder. Video loss concealment is a range of techniques to
mask the effects of packet loss in video communications.

In some applications, reporting the information of receivers applying
video loss concealment could give monitors or senders useful
information on application QoE. the Quality of Experience (QoE) of the application.
One example is no-reference video quality evaluation. Video probes
located upstream from the video endpoint or terminal may not see loss
occurring between the probe and the endpoint, and may also may not be
fully aware of the specific loss concealment methods being
dynamically applied by the video endpoint. Evaluating error
concealment is important in the this circumstance in
estimating to estimate the
subjective impact of impairments.

This draft document defines one new block type for video loss concealment block type
to augment those defined in [RFC3611] and [RFC7294] for use in a
range of RTP video applications. The metrics defined in this draft
document belong to the class of transport-related terminal metrics
defined in [RFC6792].

1.1

1.1. RTCP and RTCP XR Reports

The use of RTCP for reporting is defined in [RFC3550]. [RFC3611]
defines an extensible structure for reporting using an RTCP Extended
Report (XR). This draft document defines a new Extended Report block that
is used as defined in [RFC3550] and [RFC3611].

1.2

1.2. Performance Metrics Framework

The Performance Metrics Framework [RFC6390] provides guidance on the
definition and specification of performance metrics. The RTP
Monitoring Architectures
monitoring framework [RFC6792] provides guidelines for the reporting
block format using RTCP XR. The XR block type described in this
document are is in accordance with the guidelines in [RFC6390] and
[RFC6792].

1.3

1.3. Applicability

These metrics are applicable to video applications the video
component of Audio/Video audio/video applications using RTP and applying packet
loss concealment mechanisms which that are incorporated into the receiving
endpoint to mitigate the impact of network impairments on QoE. For
example, in an IPTV system Set Top Boxes system, set-top boxes could use this RTCP XR
block to report loss and loss concealment metrics to an IPTV
management system to enable the service provider to monitor the
quality of the IPTV service being delivered to end users.

2. Terminology

The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].

3. Video Loss Concealment Methods

Video loss concealment mechanisms can be classified into 4 types as
follow:
follows:

a) Frame freeze

The impaired video frame is not displayed, displayed; instead, the previously
displayed frame is frozen for the duration of the loss event.

b) Inter-frame Interframe extrapolation

If an area of the video frame is damaged by loss, the same area
from the previous frame(s) can be used to estimate what the
missing pixels would have been. This can work well in a scene
with no motion but can be very noticeable if there is significant
movement from one frame to another. Simple decoders can simply re-use
reuse the pixels that were in the missing area area, while more complex
decoders can try to use several frames to do a more complex
extrapolation. Another example of a sophisticated form of inter-frame
interframe repair is to estimate the motion of the damaged region
based on the motion of surrounding regions, and use that to select
what part of the previous frame to use for repair. Some important
frames, such as IDR Instantaneous Decoding Refresh (IDR) frames, may
not depend on any other frames and may be involved in a scene
change. Using inter-frame the interframe extrapolation method to conceal the
loss of these frames may not obtain a quite satisfactory result.

c) Interpolation

A decoder uses the undamaged pixels in the video frame to estimate
what the missing block of pixels should have.

d) Error Resilient Encoding Error-resilient encoding

The sender encodes the message in a redundant way so that the
receiver can correct errors using the redundant information.
There are usually two kinds of Error Resilient Encoding: error-resilient encoding: One is
that the redundant data useful for error resiliency performed at
the decoder can be embedded into the compressed image/video
bitstream. The other is bit-block
level encoding, encoding at the bitstream level, e.g., FEC.
Forward Error Correction (FEC).

Usually, methods b,c,d b, c, and d are deployed together to provide a
comprehensive loss concealment in some complex decoders, while method a is
relatively independent and may be only applied in some simple decoders.
Moreover, frame freeze the frame-freeze method repairs video based on frames frames,
while the other methods repair video based on fine-grained elements,
such as macroblock macroblocks or bit-block, which bitstreams; this will cause the measurement
metrics of frame freeze frame-freeze and the other methods to be slightly
different. Thus, In this document, we differentiate between frame frame-
freeze and the other 3 loss concealment mechanisms described.

4 mechanisms.

4. Video Loss Concealment Report Block

This block reports the video loss concealment metrics to complement
the audio metrics defined in [RFC7294]. The report block MUST be
sent in conjunction with the information from the Measurement
Information Block [RFC6776]. Instances of this metric block refer by SSRC
synchronization source (SSRC) to the separate auxiliary Measurement
Information Block [RFC6776]. This
metric block The Video Loss Concealment Report Block
relies on the measurement period in the Measurement Information Block
indicating the span of the report. If the measurement period is not
received in the same compound RTCP packet as this metric block, this
metric block MUST be discarded at the receiving side. The metrics in
this report block are based on measurements that are typically made
at the time that a video frame is decoded and rendered for playout.

The video loss concealment report block Video Loss Concealment Report Block has the following format:

0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| BT=VLC BT=34 | I | V | RSV | block length Block Length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| SSRC of Source |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Impaired Duration |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Concealed Duration |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Mean Frame Freeze Duration (optional) |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| MIFP | MCFP | FFSC | Reserved |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

Figure 1: Format for the Video Loss Concealment Report Block

Block Type (BT): 8 bits

A Video Loss Concealment Report Block is identified by the
constant VLC.

[Note to RFC Editor: Please replace VLC with the IANA provided
RTCP XR block type for this block.] 34.

Interval Metric Flag (I): 2 bits

This field indicates whether the reported metrics are interval,
cumulative, or sampled metrics [RFC6792]:

I=10: Interval Duration - the reported value applies to the
most recent measurement interval duration between
successive metrics reports.

I=11: Cumulative Duration - the reported value applies to the
accumulation period characteristic of cumulative
measurements.

I=01: Sampled Value - this value MUST NOT be used for this
block type.

I=00: Reserved.

Video Loss Concealment Method Type (V): 2 bits

This field is used to identify the video loss concealment method
type used at the receiver. The value is defined as follow:

V=10 - Frame freeze
V=11 - follows:

V=10: Frame-freeze
V=11: Other Loss Concealment Method
V=01&00 -
V=01 and V=00: Reserved

If Frame freeze frame-freeze and other another loss concealment method are used
together for the media stream, 2 two report blocks, one blocks (one with V=10
for frame freeze and one with V=11 for the other loss concealment method
method) SHOULD be compounded together to report the whole complete
concealment information.

RSV: 4 bits

These bits are reserved for future use. They MUST be set to zero
by senders and ignored by receivers (see Section 4.2 of
[RFC6709]).

block length:

Block Length: 16 bits

This field is in accordance with the definition in [RFC3611]. In
this report block, it MUST be set to 5 when V=10 and be set to 4 when
V=11. The block MUST be discarded if the block length is set to a
different value.

SSRC of source: Source: 32 bits

As defined in Section 4.1 of [RFC3611].

Impaired Duration: 32 bits

The total time length, duration, expressed in units of RTP timestamp from the
sending side of the reporting block, of video impaired by
transmission loss before applying any loss concealment methods.

Two values are reserved: A value of 0xFFFFFFFE indicates out of
range (that is, a measured value exceeding 0xFFFFFFFD) 0xFFFFFFFD), and a
value of 0xFFFFFFFF indicates that the measurement is unavailable.

Concealed Duration: 32 bits

The total time length, duration, expressed in units of RTP timestamp from the
sending side of the reporting block, of concealed damaged video
pictures on which the loss concealment method corresponding to the
Video Loss Concealment Method Type is applied.

Mean Frame Freeze Frame-Freeze Duration: 32 bits

Mean Frame Freeze Frame-Freeze Duration is the mean duration, expressed in
units of RTP timestamp from the sending side of the reporting
block, of the frame freeze frame-freeze events. The value of Mean Frame Freeze Frame-Freeze
Duration is calculated by summing the total duration of all frame
freeze events and dividing by the number of events. This metric
is optional. It only exists when Video Loss Concealment Method
Type=10.

Mean Impaired Frame Proportion (MIFP): 8 bits

Mean Impaired Frame Proportion is the mean proportion of each
video frame impaired by loss before applying any loss concealment
method during the interval, expressed as a fixed point fixed-point number with
the binary point at the left edge of the field. It is calculated
by summing the impaired proportion of each video frame and
dividing by the number of frames during this period. The impaired
proportion of each video frame is obtained by dividing the number
of missing macroblocks from this video frame by the total
macroblock number of the video frame, which is equivalent to
multiplying the result of the division by 256, limiting the
maximum value to 255 (to avoid overflow), and taking the integer
part.

If a video frame is totally lost, a value of 0xFF SHOULD be used
for the frame when calculating the mean value. MIFP.

Mean Concealed Frame Proportion (MCFP): 8 bits

Mean Concealed Frame Proportion is the mean proportion of each
video frame to which loss concealment (depicted as "V" in the
definition of "Video Loss Concealment Method Type") was applied
during the interval, expressed as a fixed point fixed-point number with the
binary point at the left edge of the field. It is calculated by
summing the concealed proportion of each video frame and dividing
by the number of frames during this period. The concealed
proportion of each video frame is obtained by dividing the number
of concealed macroblocks from this video frame by the total
macroblock number of the video frame, which is equivalent to
multiplying the result of the division by 256, limiting the
maximum value to 255 (to avoid overflow), and taking the integer
part.

When calculating the MCFP, a value of 0xFF SHOULD be used for a
lost video frame that is totally concealed, a value of 0xFF and if
there are no concealed macroblocks, a value of 0, 0 SHOULD be
used for the frame when calculating the mean value. if there are no concealed macroblocks in it.
For Video Loss Concealment Method Type=10, each frame covered in
the period of frame freeze is considered to be totally concealed, which concealed;
this means a value of 0xFF MUST be assigned.

Fraction of Frames Subject to Concealment (FFSC): 8 bits

Fraction of Frames Subject to Concealment is calculated by
dividing the number of frames to which loss concealment (using
Video Loss Concealment Method Type) was applied by the total
number of frames and expressing this value as a fixed point fixed-point number
with the binary point at the left edge of the field. It is
equivalent to multiplying the result of the division by 256,
limiting the maximum value to 255 (to avoid overflow), and taking
the integer part.

A value of 0 indicates that there were no concealed frame frames, and a
value of 0xFF indicates that the frames in the entire measurement
interval are all concealed.

Reserved: 8 bits

These bits are reserved for future use. They MUST be set to zero
by senders and ignored by receivers (see Section 4.2 of
[RFC6709]).

5. SDP Signaling

[RFC3611] defines the use of SDP (Session the Session Description Protocol) Protocol (SDP)
for signaling the use of RTCP XR blocks.

5.1

5.1. SDP rtcp-xr-attrib Attribute Extension

This session augments the SDP attribute "rtcp-xr" defined in Section
5.1 of [RFC3611] by providing an additional value of "xr-format" to
signal the use of the report block defined in this document. The
ABNF [RFC5234] syntax is as follows.

xr-format =/ xr-vlc-block

xr-vlc-block = "vlc"

5.2

5.2. Offer/Answer Usage

When SDP is used in offer-answer an offer/answer context, the SDP Offer/Answer
usage defined in section Section 5.2 of [RFC3611] for the unilateral
"rtcp-xr" attribute parameters applies. For detailed usage of
Offer/Answer for unilateral parameter, parameters, refer to section Section 5.2 of
[RFC3611].

6. Security Considerations

It is believed that this RTCP XR block introduces no new security
considerations beyond those described in [RFC3611]. This block does
not provide per-packet statistics, so the risk to confidentially confidentiality
documented in Section 7, paragraph 3 of Section 7 of [RFC3611] does not apply.

An attacker is likely to put incorrect information in the Video Loss
Concealment reports, which reports; this will affect the estimation of the
performance of video loss concealment mechanisms performance and the QoE of
users. Implementers SHOULD consider the guidance in [RFC7202] for
using appropriate security mechanisms, i.e., where security is a
concern, the implementation SHOULD apply encryption and
authentication to the report block. For example, this can be
achieved by using the AVPF profile together with the Secure RTP
profile as defined in [RFC3711]; an appropriate combination of the
two profiles (an "SAVPF") is specified in [RFC5124]. However, other
mechanisms also exist (documented in [RFC7201]) and might be more
suitable.

7. IANA Considerations

New block types for RTCP XR are subject to IANA registration. For
general guidelines on IANA considerations for RTCP XR, please refer
to [RFC3611].

7.1

7.1. New RTCP XR Block Type Value

This document assigns the block type value VLC 34 to Video Loss
Concealment Metric Report Block in the IANA "RTP Control Protocol
Extended Reports (RTCP XR) Block Type Registry" to
the "Video Loss Concealment Metric Report Block".

[Note to RFC Editor: please replace VLC with the IANA provided RTCP
XR block type for this block.]

7.2 Registry".

7.2. New RTCP XR SDP Parameter

This document also registers a new parameter "video-loss-concealment"
in the "RTP Control Protocol Extended Reports (RTCP XR) Session
Description Protocol (SDP) Parameters Registry".

7.3

7.3. Contact Information for registrations Registrations

The contact information for the registration is:

RAI Area Directors

rai-ads@tools.ietf.org

8 Acknowledgements

The author would like to thank Colin Perkins, Roni Even for their
valuable comments.

9 <rai-ads@ietf.org>

8. References

9.1

8.1. Normative References

[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997. 1997,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.

[RFC3550] Schulzrinne, H., Casner, S., Frederick, R., and V.
Jacobson, "RTP: A Transport Protocol for Real-Time
Applications", STD 64, RFC 3550, DOI 10.17487/RFC3550,
July 2003. 2003, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3550>.

[RFC3611] Friedman, T., Ed., Caceres, R., Ed., and A. Clark, Ed.,
"RTP Control Protocol Extended Reports (RTCP XR)",
RFC 3611, DOI 10.17487/RFC3611, November 2003. 2003,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3611>.

[RFC3711] Baugher, M., McGrew, D., Naslund, M., Carrara, E., and K.
Norrman, "The Secure Real-time Transport Protocol (SRTP)",
RFC 3711, DOI 10.17487/RFC3711, March 2004. 2004,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3711>.

[RFC5124] Ott, J., J. and E. Carrara, "Extended Secure RTP Profile for
Real-time Transport Control Protocol (RTCP)-Based Feedback
(RTP/SAVPF)", RFC 5124, DOI 10.17487/RFC5124, February 2008.
2008, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5124>.

[RFC5234] Crocker, D., Ed., and P. Overell, "Augmented BNF for
Syntax Specifications: ABNF", STD 68, RFC 5234,
DOI 10.17487/RFC5234, January 2008,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5234>.

[RFC6776] Clark, A. and Q. Wu, "Measurement Identity and Information
Reporting Using a Source Description (SDES) Item and an
RTCP Extended Report (XR) Block", RFC6776, RFC 6776,
DOI 10.17487/RFC6776, October 2012. 2012,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6776>.

[RFC7294] Clark, A., Zorn, G., Bi, C. C., and Q., Q. Wu, "RTCP XR "RTP Control
Protocol (RTCP) Extended Report
Block (XR) Blocks for
Concealment Metrics Reporting on Audio Applications", April 2014.

9.2
RFC 7294, DOI 10.17487/RFC7294, July 2014,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7294>.

8.2. Informative References

[RFC6390] Clark, A. and B. Claise, "Guidelines for Considering New
Performance Metric Development", BCP 170, RFC 6390,
DOI 10.17487/RFC6390, October 2011. 2011,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6390>.

[RFC6709] Carpenter, B., Aboba, B., Ed., and S. Cheshire, "Design
Considerations for Protocol Extensions", RFC 6709,
DOI 10.17487/RFC6709, September 2012. 2012,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6709>.

[RFC6792] Wu, Q., Ed., Hunt, G., and P. Arden, "Guidelines for Use
of the RTP Monitoring Framework", RFC 6792,
DOI 10.17487/RFC6792, November 2012. 2012,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6792>.

[RFC7201] Westerlund, M. and C., C. Perkins, "Qptions "Options for Securing RTP
Sessions", RFC 7201, DOI 10.17487/RFC7201, April 2014. 2014,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7201>.

[RFC7202] Perkins, C. and M., M. Westerlund, "Securing the RTP
Framework: Why RTP Does Not Mandate a Single Media
Security Solution", RFC 7202, DOI 10.17487/RFC7202, April 2014.
2014, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7202>.

Appendix A. Metrics Represented Using the Template from RFC 6390

a. Video Impaired Duration Metric

* Metric Name: Video Impaired Duration Metric

* Metric Description: The total time length duration of the video impaired by
transmission loss before applying any loss concealment methods.

* Method of Measurement or Calculation: The metric is based on
measurements that are typically made at the time that a video
frame is decoded and rendered for playout.

* Units of Measurement: This metric is expressed in units of RTP
timestamp.

* Measurement Point(s) with Potential Measurement Domain: It is
measured at the receiving end of the RTP stream.

* Measurement Timing: See paragraph 1 of Section 4.

* Use and Applications: The metric is applicable to video
applications of RTP and the video component of Audio/Video audio/video
applications in which packet loss concealment mechanisms are
applied to the receiving endpoint to mitigate the impact of
network impairments on QoE.

b. Video Concealed Duration Metric

* Metric Name: Video Concealed Duration Metric

* Metric Description: The total time length duration of concealed damaged
video pictures on which loss concealment method corresponding
to Video Loss Concealment Method Type is applied.

* Method of Measurement or Calculation: The metric is based on
measurements that are typically made at the time that a video
frame is decoded and rendered for playout.

* Units of Measurement: This metric is expressed in units of RTP
timestamp.

* Measurement Point(s) with Potential Measurement Domain: It is
measured at the receiving end of the RTP stream.

* Measurement Timing: See paragraph 1 of Section 4.

* Use and Applications: These metrics are applicable to video
applications of RTP and the video component of Audio/Video audio/video
applications in which packet loss concealment mechanisms are
incorporated into the receiving endpoint to mitigate the impact
of network impairments on QoE.

c. Mean Video Frame Freeze Frame-Freeze Duration Metric

* Metric Name: Mean Video Frame Freeze Frame-Freeze Duration Metric

* Metric Description: The mean duration of the frame freeze frame-freeze
events.

* Method of Measurement or Calculation: The metric is based on
measurements that are typically made at the time that a video
frame is decoded and rendered for playout. The metric is
calculated by summing the total duration of all frame freeze frame-freeze
events and dividing by the number of events.

* Units of Measurement: This metric is expressed in units of RTP
timestamp.

* Measurement Point(s) with Potential Measurement Domain: It is
measured at the receiving end of the RTP stream.

* Measurement Timing: See paragraph 1 of Section 4.

d. Mean Impaired Video Frame Proportion Metric

* Metric Name: Mean Impaired Video Frame Proportion Metric

* Metric Description: Mean proportion of each video frame
impaired by loss before applying any loss concealment method
during the interval.

* Method of Measurement or Calculation: The metric is based on
measurements that are typically made at the time that a video
frame is decoded and rendered for playout. It is calculated by
summing the impaired proportion of each video frame and
dividing by the number of frames during this period. The
impaired proportion of each video frame is obtained by dividing
the number of missing macroblocks from this video frame by the
total macroblock number of the video frame, which is equivalent
to multiplying the result of the division by 256, limiting the
maximum value to 255 (to avoid overflow), and taking the
integer part.

* Units of Measurement: This metric is expressed as a fixed point fixed-point
number with the binary point at the left edge of the field.

* Measurement Point(s) with Potential Measurement Domain: It is
measured at the receiving end of the RTP stream.

* Measurement Timing: See paragraph 1 of Section 4.

e. Mean Concealed Video Frame Proportion Metric

* Metric Name: Mean Concealed Video Frame Proportion Metric

* Metric Description: Mean proportion of each video frame to
which loss concealment (using Video Loss Concealment Method
Type) was applied during the interval.

* Method of Measurement or Calculation: The metric is based on
measurements that are typically made at the time that a video
frame is decoded and rendered for playout. It is calculated by
summing the concealed proportion of each video frame and
dividing by the number of frames during this period. The
concealed proportion of each video frame is obtained by
dividing the number of concealed macroblocks from this video
frame by the total macroblock number of the video frame, which
is equivalent to multiplying the result of the division by 256,
limiting the maximum value to 255 (to avoid overflow), and
taking the integer part.

* Units of Measurement: This metric is expressed as a fixed point fixed-point
number with the binary point at the left edge of the field.

* Measurement Point(s) with Potential Measurement Domain: It is
measured at the receiving end of the RTP stream.

* Measurement Timing: See paragraph 1 of Section 4.

f. Fraction of Video Frames Subject to Concealment Metric

* Metric Name: Fraction of Video Frames Subject to Concealment
Metric

* Metric Description: Proportion of concealed video frames to
which loss concealment (using the Video Loss Concealment Method
Type) was applied comparing compared to the total number of frames during
the interval.

* Method of Measurement or Calculation: The metric is based on
measurements that are typically made at the time that a video
frame is decoded and rendered for playout. This metric is
calculated by dividing the number of frames to which loss
concealment (using Video Loss Concealment Method Type) was
applied by the total number of frames. It is equivalent to
multiplying the result of the division by 256, limiting the
maximum value to 255 (to avoid overflow), and taking the
integer part.

* Units of Measurement: This metric is expressed as a fixed fixed-
point number with the binary point at the left edge of the
field.

* Measurement Point(s) with Potential Measurement Domain: It is
measured at the receiving end of the RTP stream.

* Measurement Timing: See paragraph 1 of Section 4.

Acknowledgements

The author would like to thank Colin Perkins and Roni Even for their
valuable comments.

Authors' Addresses

Rachel Huang
Huawei
101 Software Avenue, Yuhua District
Nanjing 210012
China

EMail:

Email: rachel.huang@huawei.com