Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) D. Dhody
Request for Comments: 7898 U. Palle
Category: Experimental V. Kondreddy
ISSN: 2070-1721 Huawei Technologies
R. Casellas
CTTC
June 2016
Domain Subobjects
for Resource Reservation Protocol - Traffic Engineering (RSVP-TE)
Abstract
The Resource Reservation Protocol - Traffic Engineering (RSVP-TE)
specification and the Generalized Multiprotocol Label Switching
(GMPLS) extensions to RSVP-TE allow abstract nodes and resources to
be explicitly included in a path setup. Further, Exclude Route
extensions to RSVP-TE allow abstract nodes and resources to be
explicitly excluded in a path setup.
This document specifies new subobjects to include or exclude 4-byte
Autonomous System (AS) Systems (ASes), which are identified by a 4-byte AS
number, and Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) areas during path setup.
Status of This Memo
This document is not an Internet Standards Track specification; it is
published for examination, experimental implementation, and
evaluation.
This document defines an Experimental Protocol for the Internet
community. This document is a product of the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF). It represents the consensus of the IETF
community. It has received public review and has been approved for
publication by the Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Not
all documents approved by the IESG are a candidate for any level of
Internet Standard; see Section 2 of RFC 5741.
Information about the current status of this document, any errata,
and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at
http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7898.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2016 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
(http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
publication of this document. Please review these documents
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to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must
include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
described in the Simplified BSD License.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.1. Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.2. Requirements Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3. Subobjects for Domains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.1. Domains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.2. Explicit Route Object (ERO) Subobjects . . . . . . . . . 5
3.2.1. Autonomous System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3.2.2. IGP Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3.2.3. Mode of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3.3. Exclude Route Object (XRO) Subobjects . . . . . . . . . . 8
3.3.1. Autonomous System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3.3.2. IGP Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.3.3. Mode of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.4. Explicit Exclusion Route Subobject . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4. Interaction with Path Computation Element (PCE) . . . . . . . 10
5. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
5.1. New Subobjects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
6. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
7. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
7.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
7.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Appendix A. Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
A.1. Inter-Area LSP Path Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
A.2. Inter-AS LSP Path Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
A.2.1. Example 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
A.2.2. Example 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
1. Introduction
The RSVP-TE specification [RFC3209] and the GMPLS extensions to
RSVP-TE [RFC3473] allow abstract nodes and resources to be explicitly
included in a path setup using the Explicit Route Object (ERO).
Further, Exclude Route extensions [RFC4874] allow abstract nodes or
resources to be excluded from the whole path using the Exclude Route
Object (XRO). To exclude certain abstract nodes or resources between
a specific pair of abstract nodes present in an ERO, an Explicit
Exclusion Route subobject (EXRS) is used.
[RFC3209] already describes the notion of abstract nodes, where an
abstract node is a group of nodes whose internal topology is opaque
to the ingress node of the Label Switched Path (LSP). It further
defines a subobject for AS, but with a 2-Byte 2-byte AS number only.
This document extends the notion of abstract nodes by adding new
subobjects for IGP Areas areas and 4-Byte 4-byte AS numbers (as per [RFC6793]).
These subobjects can be included in ERO, XRO, or EXRS.
In case of per-domain path computation [RFC5152], where the full path
of an inter-domain TE LSP cannot be or is not determined at the
ingress node, the signaling message could use domain identifiers.
The use of these new subobjects is illustrated in Appendix A.
Further, the domain identifier could simply act as a delimiter to
specify where the domain boundary starts and ends.
This is a companion document to Path Computation Element Protocol
(PCEP) extensions for the domain sequence [RFC7897].
1.1. Scope
The procedures described in this document are experimental. The
experiment is intended to enable research for the usage of domain
subobjects for inter-domain path setup. For this purpose, this
document specifies new domain subobjects as well as how they
incorporate with existing subobjects.
The experiment will end two years after the RFC is published. At
that point, the RFC authors will attempt to determine how widely this
has been implemented and deployed.
This document does not change the procedures for handling subobjects
in RSVP-TE.
The new subobjects introduced by this document will not be understood
by legacy implementations. If a legacy implementation receives one
of the subobjects that it does not understand in an RSVP-TE object,
the legacy implementation will behave as described in [RFC3209] and
[RFC4874]. Therefore, it is assumed that this experiment will be
conducted only when all nodes processing the new subobject form part
of the experiment.
When the result of implementation and deployment are available, this
document will be updated and refined, and then it will be moved from
Experimental to Standards Track.
It should be noted that there are other ways such as the use of a
boundary node to identify the domain (instead of a domain
identifier); the mechanism defined in this document is just another
tool in the toolkit for the operator.
1.2. Requirements Language
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].
2. Terminology
The following terminology is used in this document.
AS: Autonomous System
Domain: As per [RFC4655], any collection of network elements within
a common sphere of address management or path computational
responsibility. Examples of domains include IGP areas and ASes.
ERO: Explicit Route Object
EXRS: Explicit Exclusion Route subobject
IGP: Interior Gateway Protocol. Either of the two routing
protocols: Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) or Intermediate System
to Intermediate System (IS-IS).
IS-IS: Intermediate System to Intermediate System
OSPF: Open Shortest Path First
PCE: Path Computation Element. An entity (component, application,
or network node) that is capable of computing a network path or
route based on a network graph and applying computational
constraints.
PCEP: Path Computation Element Protocol
RSVP: Resource Reservation Protocol
TE LSP: Traffic Engineering Label Switched Path
XRO: Exclude Route Object
3. Subobjects for Domains
3.1. Domains
[RFC4726] and [RFC4655] define domain as a separate administrative or
geographic environment within the network. A domain could be further
defined as a zone of routing or computational ability. Under these
definitions, a domain might be categorized as an AS or an IGP area.
As per [RFC3209], an abstract node is a group of nodes whose internal
topology is opaque to the ingress node of the LSP. Using this
concept of abstraction, an explicitly routed LSP can be specified as
a sequence of IP prefixes or a sequence of ASes. In this document,
we extend the notion to include the IGP area and 4-Byte 4-byte AS number.
These sub-objects subobjects appear in RSVP-TE, notably in:
o Explicit Route Object (ERO): As per [RFC3209], an explicit route
is a particular path in the network topology including abstract
nodes (including domains).
o Exclude Route Object (XRO): As per [RFC4874], an exclude route Exclude Route
identifies a list of abstract nodes (including domains) that
should not be traversed along the path of the LSP being
established.
o Explicit Exclusion Route Subobject (EXRS): As per [RFC4874], used
to specify exclusion of certain abstract nodes between a specific
pair of nodes. EXRS is a subobject carried inside the ERO. These
subobjects can be used to specify the domains to be excluded
between two abstract nodes.
3.2. Explicit Route Object (ERO) Subobjects
As stated in [RFC3209], an explicit route is a particular path in the
network topology. In addition to the ability to identify specific
nodes along the path, an explicit route can identify a group of nodes
(abstract nodes) to be traversed along the path.
Some subobjects are defined in [RFC3209], [RFC3473], [RFC3477],
[RFC4874], and [RFC5553], but new subobjects related to domains are
needed.
This document extends the support for 4-Byte 4-byte AS numbers and IGP
Areas.
areas.
Value Description
----- ---------
5 4-Byte 4-byte AS number
6 OSPF Area ID
7 IS-IS Area ID
3.2.1. Autonomous System
[RFC3209] already defines 2-Byte 2-byte AS numbers.
To support 4-Byte 4-byte AS numbers as per [RFC6793], the following
subobject is defined:
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|L| Type | Length | Reserved |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| AS-ID AS Number (4 bytes) |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
L: The L bit is an attribute of the subobject as defined in
[RFC3209], i.e., it's set if the subobject represents a loose hop
in the explicit route. If the bit is not set, the subobject
represents a strict hop in the explicit route.
Type: 5 (indicating a 4-Byte 4-byte AS number).
Length: 8 (total length of the subobject in bytes).
Reserved: Zero at transmission; ignored at receipt.
AS-ID:
AS Number: The 4-Byte 4-byte AS number. Note that if 2-Byte 2-byte AS numbers are
in use, the low-order bits (16 through 31) MUST be used, and the
high-order bits (0 through 15) MUST be set to zero. For the
purpose of this experiment, it is advised to use a 4-Byte 4-byte AS
number subobject as the default.
3.2.2. IGP Area
Since the length and format of Area-id Area ID is different for OSPF and
IS-IS, the following two subobjects are defined:
For OSPF, the area-id Area ID is a 32-bit number. The subobject is encoded
as follows:
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|L| Type | Length | Reserved |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| OSPF Area Id ID (4 bytes) |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
L: The L bit is an attribute of the subobject as defined in
[RFC3209].
Type: 6 (indicating a 4-Byte 4-byte OSPF Area ID).
Length: 8 (total length of the subobject in bytes).
Reserved: Zero at transmission; ignored at receipt.
OSPF Area Id: ID: The 4-Byte 4-byte OSPF Area ID.
For IS-IS, the area-id Area ID is of variable length; thus, the length of the
subobject is variable. The Area-id Area ID is as described in IS-IS by the
ISO standard [ISO10589]. The subobject is encoded as follows:
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|L| Type | Length | Area-Len | Reserved |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
// IS-IS Area ID //
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
L: The L bit is an attribute of the subobject as defined in
[RFC3209].
Type: 7 (indicating the IS-IS Area ID).
Length: Variable. The length MUST be at least 8 and MUST be a
multiple of 4.
Area-Len: Variable (length of the actual (non-padded) IS-IS area
identifier in octets; valid values are from 1 to 13, inclusive).
Reserved: Zero at transmission; ignored at receipt.
IS-IS Area Id: ID: The variable-length IS-IS area identifier. Padded
with trailing zeroes to a 4-byte boundary.
3.2.3. Mode of Operation
The new subobjects to support 4-Byte 4-byte AS numbers and the IGP (OSPF /
IS-IS)
Area area could be used in the ERO to specify an abstract node (a
group of nodes whose internal topology is opaque to the ingress node
of the LSP).
All the rules of processing (for example, next-hop selection, L bit
processing, unrecognized subobjects, etc.) are as per the [RFC3209].
Note that if a node is called upon to process subobjects defined in
this document that it does not recognize, it will behave as described
in [RFC3209] when an unrecognized ERO subobject is encountered. This
means that this node will return a PathErr with error code "Routing
Error" and error value "Bad EXPLICIT_ROUTE object" with the
EXPLICIT_ROUTE object included, truncated (on the left) to the
offending subobject.
3.3. Exclude Route Object (XRO) Subobjects
As stated in [RFC4874], the exclude route Exclude Route identifies a list of
abstract nodes to exclude (not be traversed) along the path of the
LSP being established.
Some subobjects are defined in [RFC3209], [RFC3477], [RFC4874], and
[RFC6001], but new subobjects related to domains are needed.
This document extends the support for 4-Byte 4-byte AS numbers and IGP
Areas.
areas.
Value Description
----- ---------
5 4-Byte 4-byte AS number
6 OSPF Area ID
7 IS-IS Area ID
3.3.1. Autonomous System
[RFC3209] and [RFC4874] already define a 2-Byte 2-byte AS number.
To support 4-Byte 4-byte AS numbers as per [RFC6793], a subobject has the
same format as defined in Section 3.2.1 with the following
difference:
The meaning of the L bit is as per [RFC4874], where:
0: indicates that the abstract node specified MUST be excluded.
1: indicates that the abstract node specified SHOULD be avoided.
3.3.2. IGP Area
Since the length and format of Area-id Area ID is different for OSPF and IS-
IS, the following two subobjects are defined:
For OSPF, the area-id Area ID is a 32-bit number. Subobjects for OSPF and
IS-IS are of the same format as defined in Section 3.2.2 with the
following difference:
The meaning of the L bit is as per [RFC4874].
3.3.3. Mode of Operation
The new subobjects to support 4-Byte 4-byte AS numbers and the IGP (OSPF /
IS-IS)
Area area could also be used in the XRO to specify exclusion of an
abstract node (a group of nodes whose internal topology is opaque to
the ingress node of the LSP).
All the rules of processing are as per [RFC4874].
Note that if a node is called upon to process a subobject defined in
this document that it does not recognize, it will behave as described
in [RFC4874] when an unrecognized XRO subobject is encountered, i.e.,
ignore it. In this case, the desired exclusion will not be carried
out.
IGP Area area subobjects in the XRO are local to the current AS. In case
of multi-AS path computation that excludes an IGP area in a different
AS, an IGP Area area subobject should be part of EXRS in the ERO to
specify the AS in which the IGP area is to be excluded. Further,
policy may be applied to prune/ignore Area area subobjects in XRO at the
AS boundary.
3.4. Explicit Exclusion Route Subobject
As per [RFC4874], the Explicit Exclusion Route is used to specify
exclusion of certain abstract nodes between a specific pair of nodes
or resources in the explicit route. EXRS is an ERO subobject that
contains one or more subobjects of its own, called EXRS subobjects.
The EXRS subobject could carry any of the subobjects defined for XRO;
thus, the new subobjects to support 4-Byte 4-byte AS numbers and the IGP
(OSPF / IS-IS) Area area can also be used in the EXRS. The meanings of
the fields of the new XRO subobjects are unchanged when the
subobjects are included in an EXRS, except that the scope of the
exclusion is limited to the single hop between the previous and
subsequent elements in the ERO.
All the rules of processing are as per [RFC4874].
4. Interaction with Path Computation Element (PCE)
The domain subobjects to be used in PCEP are referred to in
[RFC7897]. Note that the new domain subobjects follow the principle
that subobjects used in PCEP [RFC5440] are identical to the
subobjects used in RSVP-TE and thus are interchangeable between PCEP
and RSVP-TE.
5. IANA Considerations
5.1. New Subobjects
IANA maintains the "Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) Parameters"
registry at <http://www.iana.org/assignments/rsvp-parameters>.
Within this registry, IANA maintains two sub-registries:
o EXPLICIT_ROUTE subobjects (see "Sub-object type - 20
EXPLICIT_ROUTE - Type 1 Explicit Route")
o EXCLUDE_ROUTE subobjects (see "Sub-object types of Class Types or
C-Types - 232 EXCLUDE_ROUTE")
IANA has made identical additions to these registries as follows, in
sync with [RFC7897]:
Value Description Reference
----- ---------------- -------------------
5 4-Byte 4-byte AS number [RFC7897], RFC 7898
6 OSPF Area ID [RFC7897], RFC 7898
7 IS-IS Area ID [RFC7897], RFC 7898
Further, IANA has added a reference to this document to the new PCEP
numbers that are registered by [RFC7897], as shown on
<http://www.iana.org/assignments/pcep>.
6. Security Considerations
Security considerations for RSVP-TE and GMPLS signaling RSVP-TE
extensions are covered in [RFC3209] and [RFC3473]. This document
does not introduce any new messages or any substantive new
processing, so those security considerations continue to apply.
Further, general considerations for securing RSVP-TE in MPLS-TE and
GMPLS networks can be found in [RFC5920]. Section 8 of [RFC5920]
describes the inter-provider security considerations, which continue
to apply.
The route exclusion security considerations are covered in [RFC4874]
and continue to apply.
7. References
7.1. Normative References
[ISO10589]
International Organization for Standardization,
"Information technology -- Telecommunications and
information exchange between systems -- Intermediate
System to Intermediate System intra-domain routeing
information exchange protocol for use in conjunction with
the protocol for providing the connectionless-mode network
service (ISO 8473)", ISO/IEC 10589:2002, Second Edition,
November 2002.
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.
[RFC3209] Awduche, D., Berger, L., Gan, D., Li, T., Srinivasan, V.,
and G. Swallow, "RSVP-TE: Extensions to RSVP for LSP
Tunnels", RFC 3209, DOI 10.17487/RFC3209, December 2001,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3209>.
[RFC3473] Berger, L., Ed., "Generalized Multi-Protocol Label
Switching (GMPLS) Signaling Resource ReserVation Protocol-
Traffic Engineering (RSVP-TE) Extensions", RFC 3473,
DOI 10.17487/RFC3473, January 2003,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3473>.
[RFC3477] Kompella, K. and Y. Rekhter, "Signalling Unnumbered Links
in Resource ReSerVation Protocol - Traffic Engineering
(RSVP-TE)", RFC 3477, DOI 10.17487/RFC3477, January 2003,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3477>.
[RFC4874] Lee, CY., Farrel, A., and S. De Cnodder, "Exclude Routes -
Extension to Resource ReserVation Protocol-Traffic
Engineering (RSVP-TE)", RFC 4874, DOI 10.17487/RFC4874,
April 2007, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4874>.
[ISO10589]
International Organization for Standardization,
"Information technology -- Telecommunications and
information exchange between systems -- Intermediate
System to Intermediate System intra-domain routeing
information exchange protocol for use in conjunction with
the protocol for providing the connectionless-mode network
service (ISO 8473)", ISO/IEC 10589:2002, Second Edition,
November 2002.
[RFC7897] Dhody, D., Palle, U., and R. Casellas, "Domain Subobjects
for the Path Computation Element (PCE) Communication Protocol
(PCEP)", RFC 7897, DOI 10.17487/RFC7897, May June 2016,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7897>.
7.2. Informative References
[RFC4655] Farrel, A., Vasseur, J., and J. Ash, "A Path Computation
Element (PCE)-Based Architecture", RFC 4655,
DOI 10.17487/RFC4655, August 2006,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4655>.
[RFC4726] Farrel, A., Vasseur, J., and A. Ayyangar, "A Framework for
Inter-Domain Multiprotocol Label Switching Traffic
Engineering", RFC 4726, DOI 10.17487/RFC4726, November
2006, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4726>.
[RFC5152] Vasseur, JP., Ed., Ayyangar, A., Ed., and R. Zhang, "A
Per-Domain Path Computation Method for Establishing Inter-
Domain Traffic Engineering (TE) Label Switched Paths
(LSPs)", RFC 5152, DOI 10.17487/RFC5152, February 2008,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5152>.
[RFC5440] Vasseur, JP., Ed. and JL. Le Roux, Ed., "Path Computation
Element (PCE) Communication Protocol (PCEP)", RFC 5440,
DOI 10.17487/RFC5440, March 2009,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5440>.
[RFC5553] Farrel, A., Ed., Bradford, R., and JP. Vasseur, "Resource
Reservation Protocol (RSVP) Extensions for Path Key
Support", RFC 5553, DOI 10.17487/RFC5553, May 2009,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5553>.
[RFC5920] Fang, L., Ed., "Security Framework for MPLS and GMPLS
Networks", RFC 5920, DOI 10.17487/RFC5920, July 2010,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5920>.
[RFC6001] Papadimitriou, D., Vigoureux, M., Shiomoto, K., Brungard,
D., and JL. Le Roux, "Generalized MPLS (GMPLS) Protocol
Extensions for Multi-Layer and Multi-Region Networks (MLN/
MRN)", RFC 6001, DOI 10.17487/RFC6001, October 2010,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6001>.
[RFC6793] Vohra, Q. and E. Chen, "BGP Support for Four-Octet
Autonomous System (AS) Number Space", RFC 6793,
DOI 10.17487/RFC6793, December 2012,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6793>.
Appendix A. Examples
These examples are for illustration purposes only to show how the new
subobjects could be encoded. They are not meant to be an exhaustive
list of all possible use cases and combinations.
A.1. Inter-Area LSP Path Setup
In an inter-area LSP path setup where the ingress and the egress
belong to different IGP areas within the same AS, the domain
subobjects could be represented using an ordered list of IGP area
subobjects in an ERO.
D2 Area D
|
|
D1
|
|
********BD1******
* | *
* | * Area C
Area A * | *
* | *
Ingress------A1-----ABF1------B1------BC1------C1------Egress
/ * | *
/ * | *
/ * Area | B *
F1 * | *
/ ********BE1******
/ |
/ |
F2 E1
|
Area F |
E2 Area E
* All IGP Areas areas in one AS (AS 100)
Figure 1: Domain Corresponding to IGP Area
As per Figure 1, the signaling at the Ingress ingress could be:
ERO:(A1, ABF1, Area area B, Area area C, Egress) egress)
It should be noted that there are other ways to achieve the desired
signaling; the area subobject provides another tool in the toolkit
and can have operational benefits when:
o Use of PCEP-like domain-sequence domain sequence [RFC7897] configurations in the
explicit path is such that area subobjects can be used to signal
the loose path.
o Alignment of subobjects and registries is between PCEP and RSVP-TE, RSVP-
TE, thus allowing easier interworking between path computation and
signaling, i.e., to and fro of subobjects are able to switch between signaling
and path computation (if need be).
A.2. Inter-AS LSP Path Setup
A.2.1. Example 1
In an inter-AS LSP path setup where the ingress and the egress belong
to a different AS, the domain subobjects (ASes) could be used in an
ERO.
AS A AS E AS C
<-------------> <----------> <------------->
A4----------E1---E2---E3---------C4
/ / \
/ / \
/ / AS B \
/ / <----------> \
Ingress------A1---A2------B1---B2---B3------C1---C2------Egress
\ / /
\ / /
\ / /
\ / /
A3----------D1---D2---D3---------C3
<---------->
AS D
* All ASes have one area (area 0)
Figure 2: Domain Corresponding to AS
As per Figure 2, the signaling at the Ingress ingress could be:
ERO:(A1, A2, AS B, AS C, Egress); egress); or
ERO:(A1, A2, AS B, Area area 0, AS C, Area area 0, Egress). egress).
Each AS has a single IGP area (area 0); the Area area subobject is
optional.
Note that to get a domain disjoint path, the ingress could also
signal the backup path with:
XRO:(AS B)
A.2.2. Example 2
As shown in Figure 3, where AS 200 is made up of multiple areas, the
signaling can include both an AS and Area area subobject to uniquely
identify a domain.
Ingress *
| *
| *
| *
X1 *
\\ *
\ \ *
\ \* Inter-AS
AS 100 \* \ Link
* \ \
* \ \
* \ \
\ \ D2 Area D
AS 200 \ \ |
\ \ |
Inter- \ \ D1
AS \ \ |
Link \ \|
\ ********BD1******
\ * | *
\ * | * Area C
Area A \ * | *
\* | *
A2------A1------AB1------B1------BC1------C1------Egress
* | *
* | *
* | *
* Area | B *
********BE1******
|
|
E1
|
|
E2 Area E
Figure 3: Domain Corresponding to AS and Area
As per Figure 3, the signaling at the Ingress ingress could be:
ERO:(X1, AS 200, Area area B, Area area C, Egress). egress).
Acknowledgments
We would like to thank Adrian Farrel, Lou Berger, George Swallow,
Chirag Shah, Reeja Paul, Sandeep Boina, and Avantika for their useful
comments and suggestions.
Thanks to Vishnu Pavan Beeram for shepherding this document.
Thanks to Deborah Brungard for being the responsible AD.
Thanks to Amanda Baber for the IANA review.
Thanks to Brian Carpenter for the Gen-ART review.
Thanks to Liang Xia (Frank) for the SecDir review.
Thanks to Spencer Dawkins and Barry Leiba for comments during the
IESG review.
Authors' Addresses
Dhruv Dhody
Huawei Technologies
Divyashree Techno Park, Whitefield
Bangalore, Karnataka 560037 560066
India
Email: dhruv.ietf@gmail.com
Udayasree Palle
Huawei Technologies
Divyashree Techno Park, Whitefield
Bangalore, Karnataka 560037 560066
India
Email: udayasree.palle@huawei.com
Venugopal Reddy Kondreddy
Huawei Technologies
Divyashree Techno Park, Whitefield
Bangalore, Karnataka 560037 560066
India
Email: venugopalreddyk@huawei.com
Ramon Casellas
CTTC
Av. Carl Friedrich Gauss n7
Castelldefels, Barcelona 08860
Spain
Email: ramon.casellas@cttc.es