L3SM Working GroupInternet Engineering Task Force (IETF) S. LitkowskiInternet-DraftRequest for Comments: 8049 Orange Business ServicesIntended status:Category: Standards Track L. TomotakiExpires: May 8, 2017ISSN: 2070-1721 Verizon K. Ogaki KDDINovember 04, 2016Corporation February 2017 YANG Data Model for L3VPNservice delivery draft-ietf-l3sm-l3vpn-service-model-19Service Delivery Abstract This document defines a YANG data model that can be used for communication between customers and network operators and to deliver a Layer 3Provider Provisionedprovider-provisioned VPN service.TheThis document is limited totheBGP PE-based VPNs as described in[RFC4026], [RFC4110]RFCs 4026, 4110, and[RFC4364].4364. This model is intended to be instantiated at the management system to deliver the overall service.This modelIt is not a configuration model to be used directly on network elements. This model provides an abstracted view of the Layer 3IPVPNIP VPN service configuration components. It will be up toathe management system to take this model asaninput and use specificconfigurationsconfiguration models to configure the different network elements to deliver the service. How the configuration of network elements is done is out of scopeof the document. Requirements Language The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" infor thisdocument are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].document. Status of This Memo ThisInternet-Draftissubmitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. Internet-Drafts are working documentsan Internet Standards Track document. This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF).Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. The listIt represents the consensus ofcurrent Internet- Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/. Internet-Drafts are draft documents validthe IETF community. It has received public review and has been approved fora maximumpublication by the Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Further information on Internet Standards is available in Section 2 ofsix monthsRFC 7841. Information about the current status of this document, any errata, and how to provide feedback on it may beupdated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documentsobtained atany time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." This Internet-Draft will expire on May 8, 2017.http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8049. Copyright Notice Copyright (c)20162017 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License. Table of Contents 1. Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4....................................................4 1.1. Terminology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4................................................4 1.2. Requirements Language ......................................5 1.3. Treediagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Diagrams ..............................................5 2. Acronyms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5........................................................5 3. Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.....................................................7 4. Layer 3 IP VPNservice model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Service Model ....................................8 5. Servicedata model usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Data Model Usage ........................................9 6. Design of the Data Model. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.......................................10 6.1. Features andaugmentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Augmentation .................................18 6.2. VPNservice overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Service Overview ......................................18 6.2.1. VPNservice topology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Service Topology ...............................18 6.2.1.1. Route Targetallocation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Allocation ...................19 6.2.1.2.Any to any . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Any-to-Any ................................20 6.2.1.3. Hub and Spoke. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.............................20 6.2.1.4. Hub and Spokedisjoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Disjoint ....................21 6.2.2. Cloudaccess . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20Access .......................................22 6.2.3. Multicastservice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22Service ..................................24 6.2.4. Extranet VPNs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24......................................26 6.3. Siteoverview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25Overview .............................................27 6.3.1. Devices andlocations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26Locations ..............................29 6.3.2. Sitenetwork accesses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Network Accesses ..............................30 6.3.2.1. Bearer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28....................................30 6.3.2.2. Connection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28................................31 6.3.2.3. Inheritance ofparameters between siteParameters Defined at Site Level andsite- network-access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Site Network Access Level ..32 6.4. Siterole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30Role .................................................32 6.5. SitebelongingBelonging tomultipleMultiple VPNs. . . . . . . . . . . . . 30...........................33 6.5.1. Sitevpn flavor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30VPN Flavor ....................................33 6.5.1.1. Single VPNattachment :Attachment: site-vpn-flavor-single. 30....................33 6.5.1.2.Multi VPN attachment :MultiVPN Attachment: site-vpn-flavor-multi. . 31.....................33 6.5.1.3.Sub VPN attachment :SubVPN Attachment: site-vpn-flavor-sub. . . . 31....34 6.5.1.4.NNI :NNI: site-vpn-flavor-nni. . . . . . . . . . . . 33..................36 6.5.2. Attaching asiteSite to a VPN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34..........................37 6.5.2.1.ReferenceReferencing a VPN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.........................37 6.5.2.2. VPNpolicy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35Policy ................................38 6.6. DecidingwhereWhere toconnectConnect thesite . . . . . . . . . . . 38Site ........................40 6.6.1. Constraint: Device. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.................................41 6.6.2.Constraint/parameter:Constraint/Parameter: Sitelocation . . . . . . . . . 39Location ................41 6.6.3.Constraint/parameter: access type . . . . . . . . . . 41Constraint/Parameter: Access Type ..................42 6.6.4. Constraint:access diversity . . . . . . . . . . . . 41Access Diversity .......................43 6.6.5.Impossible access placement . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47Infeasible Access Placement ........................49 6.6.6. Examples ofaccess placement . . . . . . . . . . . . 48Access Placement .......................50 6.6.6.1. Multihoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48...............................50 6.6.6.2. Siteoffload . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50Offload ..............................53 6.6.6.3. Parallellinks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56Links ............................59 6.6.6.4. SubVPN withmultihoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57Multihoming ...................60 6.6.7. Route Distinguisher and VRFallocation . . . . . . . 61Allocation .............64 6.7. Sitenetwork access availability . . . . . . . . . . . . 62Network Access Availability ..........................64 6.8. Trafficprotection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63Protection ........................................66 6.9. Security. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64..................................................66 6.9.1. Authentication. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.....................................67 6.9.2. Encryption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.........................................67 6.10. Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65...............................................68 6.11. Routingprotocols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66Protocols ........................................68 6.11.1. Handling of Dualstack handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66Stack ............................69 6.11.2.DirectLANconnection ontoDirectly Connected to SPnetwork . . . . . . . 67Network ..............70 6.11.3.DirectLANconnection ontoDirectly Connected to SPnetworkNetwork withredundancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67Redundancy ........................................70 6.11.4. Staticrouting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68Routing ....................................70 6.11.5. RIProuting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68Routing .......................................71 6.11.6. OSPFrouting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68Routing ......................................71 6.11.7. BGProuting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70Routing .......................................73 6.12. Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71..................................................75 6.12.1. Bandwidth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.........................................75 6.12.2. QoS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72...............................................75 6.12.2.1. QoSclassification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72Classification .......................75 6.12.2.2. QoSprofile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75Profile ..............................78 6.12.3. Multicast. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.........................................81 6.13. Enhanced VPNfeatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79Features ....................................82 6.13.1.Carrier's Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79Carriers' Carriers ................................82 6.14. External IDreferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81References ...................................83 6.15. Defining NNIs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81............................................83 6.15.1. Defining an NNI withoptionthe Option Aflavor . . . . . . . . . 83Flavor ..........85 6.15.2. Defining an NNI withoptionthe Option Bflavor . . . . . . . . . 86Flavor ..........88 6.15.3. Defining an NNI withoptionthe Option Cflavor . . . . . . . . . 88Flavor ..........91 7. Servicemodel usage example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90Model Usage Example ....................................92 8. Interaction with Other YANG Modules. . . . . . . . . . . . . 95............................98 9. YANG Module. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99...................................................102 10. Security Considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153......................................154 11.Contribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 12. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 13.IANA Considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 14. Change Log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 14.1. Changes between versions -18 and-19 . . . . . . . . . . 154 14.2. Changes between versions -17 and-18 . . . . . . . . . . 155 14.3. Changes between versions -16 and-17 . . . . . . . . . . 155 14.4. Changes between versions -15 and-16 . . . . . . . . . . 156 14.5. Changes between versions -13 and-14 . . . . . . . . . . 156 14.6. Changes between versions -12 and-13 . . . . . . . . . . 156 14.7. Changes between versions -11 and-12 . . . . . . . . . . 156 14.8. Changes between versions -09 and-10 . . . . . . . . . . 156 14.9. Changes between versions -08 and-09 . . . . . . . . . . 157 14.10. Changes between versions -07 and-08 . . . . . . . . . . 157 14.11. Changes between versions -06 and-07 . . . . . . . . . . 157 14.12. Changes between versions -05 and-06 . . . . . . . . . . 157 14.13. Changes between versions -04 and-05 . . . . . . . . . . 158 14.14. Changes between versions -02 and-03 . . . . . . . . . . 158 14.15. Changes between versions -01 and-02 . . . . . . . . . . 158 14.16. Changes between versions -00 and-01 . . . . . . . . . . 159 15...........................................155 12. References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 15.1....................................................155 12.1. Normative References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 15.2.....................................155 12.2. Informative References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161..................................157 Acknowledgements .................................................157 Contributors .....................................................157 Authors' Addresses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161...............................................157 1. Introduction This document defines a Layer 3 VPN service data model written in YANG. The model defines service configuration elements that can be used in communication protocols between customers and network operators. Those elements can also be usedalsoas input to automated control and configuration applications. 1.1. Terminology The following terms are defined in [RFC6241] and are not redefined here: o client o configuration data o server o state data The following terms are defined in [RFC7950] and are not redefined here: o augment o data model o data node The terminology for describing YANG data models is found in [RFC7950]. This document presents some configuration examples using XML representation. 1.2. Requirements Language The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119]. 1.3. TreediagramDiagrams A simplified graphical representation of the data model is presented in Section 6. Themeaningmeanings of the symbols in these diagramsisare as follows: o Brackets "[" and "]" enclose list keys. o Curly braces "{" and "}" contain names of optional features that make the corresponding node conditional. o Abbreviations before data node names: "rw" means configuration data (read-write), and "ro" means state data (read-only). o Symbols after data node names: "?" means an optionalnodenode, and "*" denotes a "list" or "leaf-list". o Parentheses enclose choice and case nodes, and case nodes are also marked with a colon (":"). o Ellipsis ("...") stands for contents of subtrees that are not shown. 2. Acronyms AAA: Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting. ACL: Access Control List. ADSL: Asymmetric DSL. AH: Authentication Header. AS: Autonomous System. ASBR: Autonomous System Border Router. ASM: Any-Source Multicast. BAS: Broadband Access Switch. BFD: Bidirectional Forwarding Detection. BGP: Border Gateway Protocol. BSR: Bootstrap Router. CE: Customer Edge. CLI: Command Line Interface. CsC:Carrier's Carrier.Carriers' Carriers. CSP: Cloud Service Provider. DHCP: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. DSLAM: Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer. ESP: Encapsulating Security Payload. GRE: Generic Routing Encapsulation. IGMP: Internet Group Management Protocol. LAN: Local Area Network. MLD: Multicast Listener Discovery. MTU: Maximum Transmission Unit. NAT: Network Address Translation.NNI: Network toNETCONF: Network Configuration Protocol. NNI: Network-to-Network Interface. OAM:Operation AdministrationOperations, Administration, andManagement.Maintenance. OSPF: Open Shortest Path First. OSS: Operations Support System. PE: Provider Edge.POP: Point Of Presence.PIM: Protocol Independent Multicast. POP: Point of Presence. QoS: QualityOfof Service. RD: Route Distinguisher. RIP: Routing Information Protocol.RD: Route Distinguisher.RP:Rendez-vousRendezvous Point. RT: Route Target. SFTP: Secure FTP. SLA: Service Level Agreement. SLAAC: Stateless AddressAutoConfiguration.Autoconfiguration. SP: Service Provider. SPT: Shortest Path Tree. SSM: Source-Specific Multicast. VM: Virtual Machine. VPN: Virtual Private Network. VRF: VPN Routing and Forwarding. VRRP: Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol. 3. Definitions Customer Edge (CE) Device:Equipment thatA CE is equipment dedicated to a particularcustomer andcustomer; it is directly connected (atlayerLayer 3) to one or more PE devices via attachment circuits. A CE is usually located at the customerpremises,premises and is usually dedicated to a single VPN, although it may support multiple VPNs if each one has separate attachment circuits. Provider Edge (PE) Device:EquipmentA PE is equipment managed by theService Provider (SP) thatSP; it can support multiple VPNs for differentcustomers,customers and is directly connected (atlayerLayer 3) to one or more CE devices via attachment circuits. A PE is usually located at an SP point of presence(PoP)(POP) and is managed by the SP. PE-Based VPNs: The PE devices know that certain traffic is VPN traffic. They forward the traffic (through tunnels) based on the destination IP address of thepacket, and optionally onpacket and, optionally, based on other information in the IP header of the packet. The PE devices are themselves the tunnel endpoints. The tunnels may make use of various encapsulations to send traffic over the SP network (such as, but not restricted to, GRE, IP-in-IP, IPsec, or MPLS tunnels). 4. Layer 3 IP VPNservice modelService Model AlayerLayer 3IPVPNIP VPN service is a collection of sites that are authorized to exchange traffic between each other over a shared IP infrastructure. ThislayerLayer 3 VPN service model aims at providing a common understandingonof how the corresponding IP VPN service is to be deployed over the shared infrastructure. This service model is limited to BGPPE-BasedPE-based VPNs as described in[RFC4110][RFC4026], [RFC4110], and [RFC4364]. 5. Servicedata model usage L3VPN-SVCData Model Usage l3vpn-svc |MODELModel | | +------------------+ +-----+ | Orchestration | < --- > | OSS | +------------------+ +-----+ | | +----------------+ | | Config manager | | +----------------+ | | | |Netconf/CLINETCONF/CLI ... | | +------------------------------------------------+ Network +++++++ + AAA + +++++++ ++++++++ Bearer ++++++++ ++++++++ ++++++++ + CE A +------------------ + PE A + + PE B + ---- + CE B + ++++++++CnctConnection ++++++++ ++++++++ ++++++++ Site A Site B The idea of the L3IPVPNIP VPN service model is to propose an abstracted interface between customers and network operators to manage configuration of components ofaan L3VPN service. A typicalusage isscenario would be to use this model as an input for an orchestration layerwhothat will be responsibleto translatefor translating it to an orchestrated configuration of network elementswhothat will be part of the service. The network elements can berouters,routers but can also be servers (likeAAA), andAAA); the network's configuration is not limited to these examples. The configuration of network elements can be donebyvia the CLI,or by NETCONF ([RFC6241])/RESTCONF ([I-D.ietf-netconf-restconf])NETCONF/RESTCONF [RFC6241] [RFC8040] coupled withspecific configurationYANG data models of a specific configuration (BGP, VRF,BFD ...)BFD, etc.), oranysome otherway.technique, as preferred by the operator. The usage of this service model is not limited to thisexample,example; it can be used by any component of the management system but not directly by network elements. 6. Design of the Data Model The YANG module is dividedininto two maincontainers : vpn-services, sites.containers: "vpn-services" and "sites". Thevpn-service"vpn-service" list under the vpn-services container defines global parameters for the VPN service for a specific customer. Asite"site" is composed of at least onesite-network-access and"site-network-access" and, in the case of multihoming, may have multiple site-network-accessin case of multihoming.points. Thesite- network-accesssite-network-access attachment is done through abearer"bearer" with anIP connection"ip-connection" on top. The bearer refers to properties of the attachment that are belowlayer 3Layer 3, while the connection refers tolayer 3 protocolproperties orientedproperties.to the Layer 3 protocol. The bearer may be allocated dynamically by theservice providerSP, and the customer may provide some constraints or parameters to drive theplacement.placement of the access. Authorization of traffic exchange is done through what we call a VPN policy or VPN service topology defining routing exchange rules between sites. The figure belowdescribedescribes the overall structure of the YANG module: module: ietf-l3vpn-svc +--rw l3vpn-svc +--rw vpn-services | +--rw vpn-service* [vpn-id] | +--rw vpn-id svc-id | +--rw customer-name? string | +--rw vpn-service-topology? identityref | +--rw cloud-accesses {cloud-access}? | | +--rw cloud-access* [cloud-identifier] | | +--rw cloud-identifier string | | +--rw (list-flavor)? | | | +--:(permit-any) | | | | +--rw permit-any? empty | | | +--:(deny-any-except) | | | | +--rw permit-site* leafref | | | +--:(permit-any-except) | | | +--rw deny-site* leafref | | +--rw authorized-sites | | | +--rw authorized-site* [site-id] | | | +--rw site-id leafref | | +--rw denied-sites | | | +--rw denied-site* [site-id] | | | +--rw site-id leafref | | +--rw address-translation | | +--rw nat44 | | +--rw enabled? boolean | | +--rw nat44-customer-address? inet:ipv4-address | +--rw multicast {multicast}? | | +--rw enabled? boolean | | +--rw customer-tree-flavors | | | +--rw tree-flavor* identityref | | +--rw rp | | +--rw rp-group-mappings | | | +--rw rp-group-mapping* [id] | | | +--rw id uint16 | | | +--rw provider-managed | | | | +--rw enabled? boolean | | | | +--rw rp-redundancy? boolean | | | | +--rw optimal-traffic-delivery? boolean | | | +--rw rp-address? inet:ip-address | | | +--rw groups | | | +--rw group* [id] | | | +--rw id uint16 | | | +--rw (group-format)? | | | +--:(startend) | | | | +--rw group-start? inet:ip-address | | | | +--rw group-end? inet:ip-address | | | +--:(singleaddress) | | | +--rw group-address? inet:ip-address | | +--rw rp-discovery | | +--rw rp-discovery-type? identityref | | +--rw bsr-candidates | | +--rw bsr-candidate-address* inet:ip-address | +--rw carrierscarrier? boolean {carrierscarrier}? | +--rw extranet-vpns {extranet-vpn}? | +--rw extranet-vpn* [vpn-id] | +--rw vpn-id svc-id | +--rw local-sites-role? identityref +--rw sites +--rw site* [site-id] +--rw site-id svc-id +--rw requested-site-start? yang:date-and-time +--rw requested-site-stop? yang:date-and-time +--rw locations | +--rw location* [location-id] | +--rw location-id svc-id | +--rw address? string | +--rw postal-code? string | +--rw state? string | +--rw city? string | +--rw country-code? string +--rw devices | +--rw device* [device-id] | +--rw device-id svc-id | +--rw location? leafref | +--rw management | +--rw address-family? address-family | +--rw address? inet:ip-address +--rw site-diversity {site-diversity}? | +--rw groups | +--rw group* [group-id] | +--rw group-id string +--rw management | +--rw type? identityref +--rw vpn-policies | +--rw vpn-policy* [vpn-policy-id] | +--rw vpn-policy-id svc-id | +--rw entries* [id] | +--rw id svc-id | +--rw filter | | +--rw (lan)? | | +--:(prefixes) | | | +--rw ipv4-lan-prefix* inet:ipv4-prefix {ipv4}? | | | +--rw ipv6-lan-prefix* inet:ipv6-prefix {ipv6}? | | +--:(lan-tag) | | +--rw lan-tag* string | +--rw vpn | +--rw vpn-id leafref | +--rw site-role? identityref +--rw site-vpn-flavor? identityref +--rw maximum-routes | +--rw address-family* [af] | +--rw af address-family | +--rw maximum-routes? uint32 +--rw security | +--rw authentication | +--rw encryption {encryption}? | +--rw enabled? boolean | +--rw layer enumeration | +--rw encryption-profile | +--rw (profile)? | +--:(provider-profile) | | +--rw profile-name? string | +--:(customer-profile) | +--rw algorithm? string | +--rw (key-type)? | +--:(psk) | | +--rw preshared-key? string | +--:(pki) +--rw service | +--rw qos {qos}? | | +--rw qos-classification-policy | | | +--rw rule* [id] | | | +--rw id uint16 | | | +--rw (match-type)? | | | | +--:(match-flow) | | | | | +--rw match-flow | | | | | +--rw dscp? inet:dscp | | | | | +--rw dot1p? uint8 | | | | | +--rw ipv4-src-prefix? inet:ipv4-prefix | | | | | +--rw ipv6-src-prefix? inet:ipv6-prefix | | | | | +--rw ipv4-dst-prefix? inet:ipv4-prefix | | | | | +--rw ipv6-dst-prefix? inet:ipv6-prefix | | | | | +--rw l4-src-port? inet:port-number | | | | | +--rw target-sites* svc-id | | | | | +--rw l4-src-port-range | | | | | | +--rw lower-port? inet:port-number | | | | | | +--rw upper-port? inet:port-number | | | | | +--rw l4-dst-port? inet:port-number | | | | | +--rw l4-dst-port-range | | | | | | +--rw lower-port? inet:port-number | | | | | | +--rw upper-port? inet:port-number | | | | | +--rw protocol-field? union | | | | +--:(match-application) | | | | +--rw match-application? identityref | | | +--rw target-class-id? string | | +--rw qos-profile | | +--rw (qos-profile)? | | +--:(standard) | | | +--rw profile? string | | +--:(custom) | | +--rw classes {qos-custom}? | | +--rw class* [class-id] | | +--rw class-id string | | +--rw rate-limit? uint8 | | +--rw latency | | | +--rw (flavor)? | | | ... | | +--rw jitter | | | +--rw (flavor)? | | | ... | | +--rw bandwidth | | +--rw guaranteed-bw-percent? uint8 | | +--rw end-to-end? empty | +--rw carrierscarrier {carrierscarrier}? | | +--rw signalling-type? enumeration | +--rw multicast {multicast}? | +--rw multicast-site-type? enumeration | +--rw multicast-address-family | | +--rw ipv4? boolean {ipv4}? | | +--rw ipv6? boolean {ipv6}? | +--rw protocol-type? enumeration +--rw traffic-protection {fast-reroute}? | +--rw enabled? boolean +--rw routing-protocols | +--rw routing-protocol* [type] | +--rw type identityref | +--rw ospf {rtg-ospf}? | | +--rw address-family* address-family | | +--rw area-address? yang:dotted-quad | | +--rw metric? uint16 | | +--rw sham-links {rtg-ospf-sham-link}? | | +--rw sham-link* [target-site] | | +--rw target-site svc-id | | +--rw metric? uint16 | +--rw bgp {rtg-bgp}? | | +--rw autonomous-system? uint32 | | +--rw address-family* address-family | +--rw static | | +--rw cascaded-lan-prefixes | | +--rw ipv4-lan-prefixes* [lan next-hop] {ipv4}? | | | +--rw lan inet:ipv4-prefix | | | +--rw lan-tag? string | | | +--rw next-hop inet:ipv4-address | | +--rw ipv6-lan-prefixes* [lan next-hop] {ipv6}? | | +--rw lan inet:ipv6-prefix | | +--rw lan-tag? string | | +--rw next-hop inet:ipv6-address | +--rw rip {rtg-rip}? | | +--rw address-family* address-family | +--rw vrrp {rtg-vrrp}? | +--rw address-family* address-family +--ro actual-site-start? yang:date-and-time +--ro actual-site-stop? yang:date-and-time +--rw site-network-accesses +--rw site-network-access* [site-network-access-id] +--rw site-network-access-id svc-id +--rw site-network-access-type? identityref +--rw (location-flavor) | +--:(location) | | +--rw location-reference? leafref | +--:(device) | +--rw device-reference? leafref +--rw access-diversity {site-diversity}? | +--rw groups | | +--rw group* [group-id] | | +--rw group-id string | +--rw constraints | +--rw constraint* [constraint-type] | +--rw constraint-type identityref | +--rw target | +--rw (target-flavor)? | +--:(id) | | +--rw group* [group-id] | | ... | +--:(all-accesses) | | +--rw all-other-accesses? empty | +--:(all-groups) | +--rw all-other-groups? empty +--rw bearer | +--rw requested-type {requested-type}? | | +--rw requested-type? string | | +--rw strict? boolean | +--rw always-on? boolean {always-on}? | +--rw bearer-reference? string {bearer-reference}? +--rw ip-connection | +--rw ipv4 {ipv4}? | | +--rw address-allocation-type? identityref | | +--rw number-of-dynamic-address? uint8 | | +--rw dhcp-relay | | | +--rw customer-dhcp-servers | | | +--rw server-ip-address* inet:ipv4-address | | +--rw addresses | | +--rw provider-address? inet:ipv4-address | | +--rw customer-address? inet:ipv4-address | | +--rw mask? uint8 | +--rw ipv6 {ipv6}? | | +--rw address-allocation-type? identityref | | +--rw number-of-dynamic-address? uint8 | | +--rw dhcp-relay | | | +--rw customer-dhcp-servers | | | +--rw server-ip-address* inet:ipv6-address | | +--rw addresses | | +--rw provider-address? inet:ipv6-address | | +--rw customer-address? inet:ipv6-address | | +--rw mask? uint8 | +--rw oam | +--rw bfd {bfd}? | +--rw enabled? boolean | +--rw (holdtime)? | +--:(profile) | | +--rw profile-name? string | +--:(fixed) | +--rw fixed-value? uint32 +--rw security | +--rw authentication | +--rw encryption {encryption}? | +--rw enabled? boolean | +--rw layer enumeration | +--rw encryption-profile | +--rw (profile)? | +--:(provider-profile) | | +--rw profile-name? string | +--:(customer-profile) | +--rw algorithm? string | +--rw (key-type)? | +--:(psk) | | ... | +--:(pki) +--rw service | +--rw svc-input-bandwidth? uint32 | +--rw svc-output-bandwidth? uint32 | +--rw svc-mtu? uint16 | +--rw qos {qos}? | | +--rw qos-classification-policy | | | +--rw rule* [id] | | | +--rw id uint16 | | | +--rw (match-type)? | | | | +--:(match-flow) | | | | | +--rw match-flow | | | | | ... | | | | +--:(match-application) | | | | +--rw match-application? identityref | | | +--rw target-class-id? string | | +--rw qos-profile | | +--rw (qos-profile)? | | +--:(standard) | | | +--rw profile? string | | +--:(custom) | | +--rw classes {qos-custom}? | | +--rw class* [class-id] | | ... | +--rw carrierscarrier {carrierscarrier}? | | +--rw signalling-type? enumeration | +--rw multicast {multicast}? | +--rw multicast-site-type? enumeration | +--rw multicast-address-family | | +--rw ipv4? boolean {ipv4}? | | +--rw ipv6? boolean {ipv6}? | +--rw protocol-type? enumeration +--rw routing-protocols | +--rw routing-protocol* [type] | +--rw type identityref | +--rw ospf {rtg-ospf}? | | +--rw address-family* address-family | | +--rw area-address? yang:dotted-quad | | +--rw metric? uint16 | | +--rw sham-links {rtg-ospf-sham-link}? | | +--rw sham-link* [target-site] | | +--rw target-site svc-id | | +--rw metric? uint16 | +--rw bgp {rtg-bgp}? | | +--rw autonomous-system? uint32 | | +--rw address-family* address-family | +--rw static | | +--rw cascaded-lan-prefixes | | +--rw ipv4-lan-prefixes* [lan next-hop] {ipv4}? | | | +--rw lan inet:ipv4-prefix | | | +--rw lan-tag? string | | | +--rw next-hop inet:ipv4-address | | +--rw ipv6-lan-prefixes* [lan next-hop] {ipv6}? | | +--rw lan inet:ipv6-prefix | | +--rw lan-tag? string | | +--rw next-hop inet:ipv6-address | +--rw rip {rtg-rip}? | | +--rw address-family* address-family | +--rw vrrp {rtg-vrrp}? | +--rw address-family* address-family +--rw availability | +--rw access-priority? uint32 +--rw vpn-attachment +--rw (attachment-flavor) +--:(vpn-policy-id) | +--rw vpn-policy-id? leafref +--:(vpn-id) +--rw vpn-id? leafref +--rw site-role? identityref 6.1. Features andaugmentationAugmentation The model defined in this document implementsa lot ofmany featuresallowingthat allow implementations to be modular. As an example, an implementation may support only IPv4 VPNs(ipv4(IPv4 feature), IPv6(ipv6VPNs (IPv6 feature), or both (by advertising both features). The routing protocols proposed to the customer may also be enabled through features. This modelproposesalso proposes some features formore advancedoptionslike : extranet-vpnthat are more advanced, such as support for extranet VPNs (Section 6.2.4), site diversity (Section 6.6),qosand QoS (Section6.12.2), ...6.12.2). In addition, as for any YANG model, this service model can be augmented to implement new behaviors or specific features. For example, this model proposes different options fortheIP addressassignment,assignments; if those optionsaredo notfillingfulfill all requirements, new options can be added through augmentation. 6.2. VPNservice overviewService Overview A vpn-service list item contains genericinformationsinformation about the VPN service. Thevpn-id of"vpn-id" provided in the vpn-service list refers to an internal reference for this VPN service, while the customer name refers to amore explicitmore-explicit reference to the customer. This identifier is purely internal to the organization responsible for the VPN service. 6.2.1. VPNservice topologyService Topology The type of VPN service topology is required for configuration.Current proposal supports:Our proposed model supports any-to-any,hubHub andspokeSpoke (wherehubsHubs can exchange traffic), andhub"Hub andspoke disjointSpoke disjoint" (wherehubsHubs cannot exchange traffic). New topologies could be addedbyvia augmentation. By default, the any-to-any VPN service topology is used. 6.2.1.1. Route TargetallocationAllocation A Layer 3 PE-based VPN is built usingroute-targetsroute targets (RTs) as described in [RFC4364].It is expected theThe management system is expected toallocateautomatically allocate a set ofroute-targetsRTs upon receiving a VPN service creation request. How the management system allocatesroute-targetsRTs is out of scopeof the documentfor this document, but multiple ways could beenvisagedenvisaged, as described below. Management system <-------------------------------------------------> Request RT +-----------------------+ Topo a2a +----------+ RESTCONF | | -----> | | User ------------- | Service Orchestration ||NetworkOSS|| Network | l3vpn-svc | | <----- | OSS |modelModel +-----------------------+ Response +----------+RT1,RT2RT1, RT2 In the example above, a service orchestration, owning the instantiation of this service model,request route-targetsrequests RTs to the network OSS. Based on the requested VPN service topology, the network OSS replies with one or multipleroute-targets.RTs. The interface between this service orchestration and the network OSS is out of scopeoffor this document. +---------------------------+ RESTCONF | | User ------------- | Service Orchestration | l3vpn-svc | |modelModel | | | RTpool :pool: 10:1->10:10000 | | RTpool :pool: 20:50->20:5000 | +---------------------------+ In the example above, a service orchestration, owning the instantiation of this service model, owns one or more pools ofroute- targetRTs (specified byservice provider)the SP) that can be allocated. Based on the requested VPN service topology, it will allocate one or multipleroute-targetsRTs from the pool. Themechanism displayedmechanisms shown above are just examples and should not be consideredasan exhaustive list of solutions. 6.2.1.2.Any to anyAny-to-Any +------------------------------------------------------------+ | VPN1_Site1 ------ PE1 PE2 ------ VPN1_Site2 | | | | VPN1_Site3 ------ PE3 PE4 ------ VPN1_Site4 | +------------------------------------------------------------+Figure - Any-to-anyAny-to-Any VPNservice topologyService Topology In the any-to-any VPN service topology, all VPN sites can communicatebetweenwith each other without anyrestriction. It is expected that therestrictions. The management system that receives an any-to-anyIPVPNIP VPN service request through this modelneedsis expected to assign and then configure the VRF androute-targetsRTs on the appropriate PEs. In the any-to-any case,in generala singleroute-targetRT isrequiredgenerally required, and every VRF imports and exports thisroute-target.RT. 6.2.1.3. Hub and Spoke +-------------------------------------------------------------+ | Hub_Site1 ------ PE1 PE2 ------ Spoke_Site1 | | +----------------------------------+ | | | +----------------------------------+ | Hub_Site2 ------ PE3 PE4 ------ Spoke_Site2 | +-------------------------------------------------------------+Figure - Hub and SpokeHub-and-Spoke VPNservice topologyService Topology In thehub and spokeHub-and-Spoke VPN service topology, allspokeSpoke sites can communicate only with Hub sites but notbetweenwith each other, andhubsHubs can also communicatebetweenwith each other.It is expected that theThe management system that owns anany to any IPVPNany-to-any IP VPN service request through thismodel, needsmodel is expected to assign and then configure the VRF androute-targetsRTs on the appropriate PEs. In thehub and spokeHub-and-Spoke case,in general atworoute-targetsRTs are generally required (oneroute-targetRT for Hubroutes,routes and oneroute-targetRT forspokeSpoke routes). A HubVRF, connectingVRF that connects Hubsites,sites will export Hub routes with the Hubroute-target,RT and will import Spoke routes through the Spokeroute-target.RT. It will also import the Hubroute-targetRT to allowHub to HubHub-to-Hub communication. A SpokeVRF, connectingVRF that connects Spokesites,sites will export Spoke routes with the Spokeroute- target,RT and will import Hub routes through the Hubroute-target.RT. The management system MUST take into accountHub andconstraints on Hub-and- Spokeconnections constraints.connections. For example, if a management system decides to mesh aspokeSpoke site and ahubHub site on the same PE, it needs to mesh connections in differentVRFsVRFs, asdisplayedshown in the figure below. Hub_Site ------- (VRF_Hub) PE1 (VRF_Spoke) / | Spoke_Site1 -------------------+ | | Spoke_Site2 -----------------------+ 6.2.1.4. Hub and SpokedisjointDisjoint +-------------------------------------------------------------+ | Hub_Site1 ------ PE1 PE2 ------ Spoke_Site1 | +--------------------------+ +-------------------------------+ | | +--------------------------+ +-------------------------------+ | Hub_Site2 ------ PE3 PE4 ------ Spoke_Site2 | +-------------------------------------------------------------+Figure -Hub and SpokedisjointDisjoint VPNservice topologyService Topology In the Hub and Spoke disjoint VPN service topology, all Spoke sites can communicate only with Hub sites but notbetweenwith eachotherother, and Hubs cannot communicatebetweenwith each other.It is expected that theThe management system that owns anany to any IPVPNany-to-any IP VPN service request through thismodel, needsmodel is expected to assign and then configure the VRF androute-targetsRTs on the appropriate PEs. In theHub and SpokeHub-and-Spoke case, tworoute-targetsRTs are required (oneroute-targetRT for Hubroutes,routes and oneroute-targetRT for Spoke routes). A HubVRF, connectingVRF that connects Hubsites,sites will export Hub routes with the Hubroute-target,RT and will import Spoke routes through the Spokeroute-target.RT. A SpokeVRF, connectingVRF that connects Spokesites,sites will export Spoke routes with the Spokeroute-target,RT and will import Hub routes through the Hubroute-target.RT. The management system MUST take into accountHub and Spoke connectionsconstraints on Hub-and- Spoke connections, as in the previous case. Hub and Spoke disjoint can also be seen as multipleHub and SpokeHub-and-Spoke VPNs (one per Hub)sharing withthat share a common set of Spoke sites. 6.2.2. CloudaccessAccess The proposed model providesacloud access configurationthroughvia thecloud-access"cloud-accesses" container. The usage of cloud-access is targeted for the public cloud. An Internet access can also be consideredasa public cloud access service. Thecloud-accesscloud-accesses container provides parameters for network addresstranslationstranslation and authorization rules. A private cloud access may be addressed throughNNIsNNIs, as described in Section 6.15. A cloud identifier is used to reference the target service. This identifier is local to each administration. The model allows for source address translation before accessing the cloud.IPv4 to IPv4IPv4-to-IPv4 address translation(nat44)(NAT44) is the only supportedoptionoption, but other options can be added through augmentation. If IP source address translation is required to access the cloud, theenabled"enabled" leaf MUST be set to true in the "nat44" container. An IP address may be provided in thecustomer-address leaf, in case"customer-address" leaf if the customer is providing the IP address to be used for the cloud access. If theservice providerSP is providing this address,the customer- address"customer-address" is notnecessarynecessary, as it can be picked from aservice provider pool.pool of SPs. By default, all sites in theIPVPNIP VPN MUST be authorized to accesstothe cloud.In caseIf restrictions are required, a user MAY configure thepermit-site"permit-site" ordeny-site"deny-site" leaf-list. The"permit-site"permit-site leaf-list defines the list of sites authorized for cloud access. The"deny-site"deny-site leaf-list defines the list of sites denied for cloud access. The model supports both"deny any except""deny-any-except" and"permit any except""permit-any-except" authorization. How the restrictions will be configured on network elements is out of scopeoffor this document.IPVPNIP VPN +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + Site 3 + --- +Cloud1Cloud 1 + + Site 1 ++++++++++++++++++++++++ + + + Site 2 + --- ++++++++++++ + + + Internet + + Site 4 + ++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ |+++++++++++++++++++++ +Cloud2Cloud 2 ++++++++++++++++++++++ In the example above, wemayconfigure the global VPN to access the Internet by creating a cloud-access pointing to the cloud identifier for the Internet service. Noauthorized-sitesauthorized sites will beconfiguredconfigured, as all sites are required to access the Internet. The"address- translation/nat44/enabled""address-translation/nat44/enabled" leaf will be set to true. <vpn-service> <vpn-id>123456487</vpn-id> <cloud-accesses> <cloud-access> <cloud-identifier>INTERNET</cloud-identifier> <address-translation> <nat44> <enabled>true</enabled> </nat44> </address-translation> </cloud-access> </cloud-accesses> </vpn-service> IfSite1Site 1 andSite2 requiresSite 2 require access toCloud1,Cloud 1, a new cloud-accesswill be createdpointing to the cloud identifier ofCloud1.Cloud 1 will be created. The"permit- site"permit-site leaf-list will be filled with a reference toSite1Site 1 andSite2.Site 2. <vpn-service> <vpn-id>123456487</vpn-id> <cloud-accesses> <cloud-access> <cloud-identifier>Cloud1</cloud-identifier> <permit-site>site1</permit-site> <permit-site>site2</permit-site><cloud-access></cloud-access> </cloud-accesses> </vpn-service> If all sites exceptSite1 requiresSite 1 require access toCloud2,Cloud 2, a newcloud- access will be createdcloud-access pointing to the cloud identifier ofCloud2.Cloud 2 will be created. The"deny-site"deny-site leaf-list will be filled with a reference toSite1.Site 1. <vpn-service> <vpn-id>123456487</vpn-id> <cloud-accesses> <cloud-access> <cloud-identifier>Cloud2</cloud-identifier> <deny-site>site1</deny-site> </cloud-access> </cloud-accesses> </vpn-service> 6.2.3. MulticastserviceService Multicast in IPVPNVPNs is described in [RFC6513]. If multicast support is required for anIPVPN,IP VPN, some global multicast parameters are required as inputoffor the service request.The userUsers of this model will need tofillprovide theflavorflavors of trees that will be used bycustomercustomers within theIPVPN (CustomerIP VPN (customer tree). The proposed model supports bidirectional,sharedshared, and source-based trees (and can be augmented). Multiple flavors oftreetrees can be supported simultaneously. Operator network ______________ / \ | | (SSM tree) | Recv (IGMPv3) -- Site2 ------- PE2 | | PE1 --- Site1 --- Source1 | | \ | | -- Source2 | | (ASM tree) | Recv (IGMPv2) -- Site3 ------- PE3 | | | (SSM tree) | Recv (IGMPv3) -- Site4 ------- PE4 | | / | Recv (IGMPv2) -- Site5 -------- | (ASM tree) | | | \_______________/In case ofWhen an ASM flavor is requested, this model requiresto fillthat therp"rp" andrp-discovery parameters."rp-discovery" parameters be filled. MultipleRP to groupRP-to-group mappings can be created using therp-group-mappings"rp-group-mappings" container. For each mapping, theRP serviceSP canbe managed bymanage the RP serviceprovider usingby setting theleaf"provider-managed/enabled"setleaf to true. In the case ofprovidera provider- managed RP, the user can requesta rendez-vous pointRP redundancy and/oranoptimal traffic delivery. Those parameters will help theservice provider toSP select the appropriate technology or architecture to fulfill the customer service requirement: for instance, in the case of a request foranoptimal traffic delivery,a service provideran SP may use Anycast-RP orRP-tree to SPTRP-tree-to-SPT switchover architectures. In the case of acustomer managedcustomer-managed RP, the RP address must be filled in theRP to groupRP-to-group mappings using the "rp-address" leaf. This leaf is not needed for aprovider managedprovider-managed RP.UserUsers can define a specificrp-discoverymechanismlike: auto-rp, static-rp, bsr-rpfor RP discovery, such as the "auto-rp", "static-rp", or "bsr-rp" modes. By default, the modelconsiders static-rpuses "static-rp" if ASM is requested. A single rp-discovery mechanism is allowed for the VPN. The "rp-discovery" container can be used for bothproviderprovider-managed andcustomer managedcustomer-managed RPs. In the case of aprovider managedprovider-managed RP, if the user wants to usebsr-rp"bsr-rp" as a discovery protocol,a service provideran SP should consider theprovider managed rp-group-mappingsprovider-managed "rp-group-mappings" for thebsr-rp"bsr-rp" configuration. Theservice providerSP will then configure its selected RPs to bebsr-rp-candidates."bsr-rp-candidates". In the case of acustomer managedcustomer-managed RP and absr-rp"bsr-rp" discovery mechanism, therp-address"rp-address" provided will beconsidered asthe bsr-rp candidate. 6.2.4. Extranet VPNs There are some cases where a particular VPN needstoaccess to resources (servers,hosts ...)hosts, etc.) that are external.TheseThose resources may be located in another VPN. +-----------+ +-----------+ / \ / \SiteASite A -- | VPN A | --- | VPN B | ---SiteBSite B \ / \ / (Shared +-----------+ +-----------+ resources) In the figure above, VPN B has some resources on Site B that need to be available to some customers/partners. VPN A must be able to access those VPN B resources. Such a VPN connection scenario can be achievedby thevia a VPN policy as defined in Section 6.5.2.2. But there are some simple cases where a particular VPN (VPN A) needstoaccess to all resources inaanother VPNB.(VPN B). The model provides an easy way tosetupset up this connection using the "extranet-vpns" container. The"extranet-vpns"extranet-vpns container defines a list of VPNs a particular VPN wants to access. The"extranet-vpns"extranet-vpns container must be used on customer VPNs accessing extranet resources in another VPN. In the figure above, in order togive access forprovide VPN A with access to VPN B, the extranet-vpns container needs to be configured under VPN A with an entry corresponding to VPNB and thereB. There is no service configuration requirement on VPN B. Readers should note that even if there is no configuration requirement on VPN B, if VPN A lists VPN B as an extranet, all sites in VPN B will gain access to all sites in VPN A. The "site-role" leaf defines the role of the local VPN sites in the target extranet VPN service topology. Site roles are defined in Section 6.4. Based on this, the requirements described in Section 6.4 regarding the site-role leaf are also applicable here. In the example below, VPN A accessestoVPN B resources through an extranetconnection, aconnection. A Spoke role is required for VPN Asitessites, as sites from VPN A must not be able to communicatebetweenwith each other through the extranet VPN connection. <vpn-service> <vpn-id>VPNB</vpn-id><vpn-service-topology>hub-Spoke</vpn-service-topology><vpn-service-topology>hub-spoke</vpn-service-topology> </vpn-service> <vpn-service> <vpn-id>VPNA</vpn-id> <vpn-service-topology>any-to-any</vpn-service-topology> <extranet-vpns> <extranet-vpn> <vpn-id>VPNB</vpn-id> <site-role>spoke-role</site-role> </extranet-vpn> </extranet-vpns> </vpn-service> This model does not define how the extranet configuration will be achieved. Anymore complexVPN interconnection scenario(e.g.that is more complex (e.g., onlypartcertain parts of sitesofon VPN A accessing onlypartcertain parts of sitesofon VPN B) needs to be achieved usingthe vpna VPN attachment as defined in Section6.5.26.5.2, and especiallythea VPN policy as defined in Section 6.5.2.2. 6.3. SiteoverviewOverview A site represents a connection of a customer office to one or more VPN services. +-------------+ / \ +------------------+ +-----| VPN1 | | | | \ / | New York Office| -----|------ (site) -----+ +-------------+ | | | +-------------+ +------------------+ | / \ +-----| VPN2 | \ / +-------------+ A siteis composed of some characteristics :has several characteristics: o Unique identifier (site-id):touniquelyidentifyidentifies the site within the overall network infrastructure. The identifier is a stringallowing tothat allows any encoding for the local administration of the VPN service. o Locations (locations): site location informationto allowthat allows easy retrievalonof information from the nearest available resources. A site may be composed of multiple locations. oDevices:Devices (devices): allows the customercanto request one or more customerpremise equipmentspremises equipment entities from theservice providerSP for a particular site. o Management (management): defines themodeltype of managementoffor thesite,site -- forexample :example, co-managed,customer managedcustomer-managed, orproviderprovider- managed. See Section 6.10. o Site network accesses (site-network-accesses): defines the list of network accesses associatedtowith thesitessites, and their properties:-- especially bearer,connectionconnection, and service parameters. A site-network-access represents an IP logical connection of a site. A site may have multiple site-network-accesses. +------------------+ Site | |----------------------------------- | |****** (site-network-access#1) ****** | New York Office | | |****** (site-network-access#2) ****** | |----------------------------------- +------------------+ Multiple site-network-accesses areusedused, forinstanceinstance, in the case of multihoming. Some other meshing cases may alsoinvolveinclude multiple site-network-accesses. The site configuration is viewed as a globalentity,entity; we assume that it is mostly therole of themanagement system's role to split the parameters between the different elements within the network. For example, in the case of the site-network-access configuration, the management system needs to split the overall parameters between the PE configuration and the CE configuration. 6.3.1. Devices andlocationsLocations A site may be composed of multiple locations. All the locations will need to be configured as part of the "locations" container and list. A typical example ofmultilocationa multi-location site isan headquartera headquarters office in a city composed of multiple buildings. Those buildings may be located in different parts of the city and may be linked by intra-city fibers (customer metropolitan area network). In such a case, when connecting to a VPN service, the customer may ask for multihoming based on its distributed locations. New York Site +------------------+ Site | +--------------+ |----------------------------------- | | Manhattan | |****** (site-network-access#1) ****** | +--------------+ | | +--------------+ | | | Brooklyn | |****** (site-network-access#2) ****** | +--------------+ | | |----------------------------------- +------------------+ A customer may also request somepremise equipmentspremises equipment entities (CEs)tofrom theservice provider throughSP via the "devices" container. Requesting a CE implies a provider-managed or co-managed model. A particular device must be ordered to a particularalready configuredalready-configured location. This would help theservice provider toSP send the device to the appropriate postal address. In amultilocationmulti-location site, a customermaymay, forexampleexample, request a CE for each location on the site where multihoming must be implemented. In the figure above, one device may be requested for the Manhattan location and one other for the Brooklyn location. By using devices and locations, the user can influence the multihoming scenario he wants to implement: single CE, dualCE...CE, etc. 6.3.2. Sitenetwork accessesNetwork Accesses Asmentioned,mentioned earlier, a site may be multihomed. Each IP network access for a site is defined in thesite-network-accesses list."site-network-accesses" container. Thesite-network- accesssite-network-access parameter defines how the site is connected on the network and is split into three main classes of parameters: o bearer: defines requirements of the attachment (below Layer 3). o connection: defines Layer 3 protocol parameters of the attachment. o availability: defines thesitesite's availability policy. The availability parameters are defined in Section6.76.7. The site-network-access has a specific type(site-network-access- type).(site-network-access-type). Thisdocumentsdocument defines twotypes :types: o point-to-point: describes apoint to pointpoint-to-point connection between theservice providerSP and the customer. o multipoint: describes a multipoint connection between theservice providerSP and the customer. The type of site-network-access may have an impact on the parameters offered to the customer, e.g.,a service provideran SP may not offer encryption for multipoint accesses.DecidingIt is up to the provider to decide what parameter is supported for point-to-point and/or multipointaccesses is up to the provider andaccesses; this topic is out of scopeoffor this document. Some containers proposed in the model may requireextensionextensions in order to work properly for multipoint accesses. 6.3.2.1. Bearer The"bearer"bearer container defines the requirements for the site attachment to the provider network that are below Layer 3. The bearer parameters will helptodetermine the access media to be used. This is further described in Section 6.6.3. 6.3.2.2. Connection The "ip-connection" container defines the protocol parameters of the attachment (IPv4 and IPv6). Depending on the management mode, it refers tothePE-CE addressing orCE to customer LANCE-to-customer-LAN addressing. In any case, it describes theprovider to customerresponsibilityboundary.boundary between the provider and the customer. For acustomer managedcustomer-managed site, it refers to the PE-CE connection. For aprovider managedprovider-managed site, it refers to theCE to LANCE-to-LAN connection. 6.3.2.2.1. IPaddressingAddressing An IP subnet can be configured for eitherlayerIPv4 or IPv6 Layer 3 protocols. For adual stackdual-stack connection, two subnets will be provided, one for each address family. Theaddress-allocation-type"address-allocation-type" determines how the address allocation needs to be done. The current model proposes five waysofto perform IP address allocation: o provider-dhcp:theThe provider will provide DHCP service for customerequipments,equipment; this iscan be appliedapplicable to eitherIPv4 and IPv6 containers.the "IPv4" container or the "IPv6" container. o provider-dhcp-relay:theThe provider will provide DHCP relay service for customerequipments,equipment; this is applicable to both IPv4 and IPv6 addressing. The customer needs tofillpopulate the DHCP server list to be used. o static-address: Addresses will be assignedmanually,manually; this is applicable to both IPv4 and IPv6 addressing. o slaac: This parameter enables stateless address autoconfiguration([RFC4862]).[RFC4862]. This is applicableonly for IPv6.to IPv6 only. o provider-dhcp-slaac:theThe provider will provide DHCP service for customerequipmentsequipment, as well as stateless address autoconfiguration. This is applicableonly for IPv6.to IPv6 only. In the dynamic addressing mechanism,itthe SP is expectedfrom the service providerto provide at least the IP address,maskmask, and default gateway information. 6.3.2.2.2. OAM A customer may require a specific IP connectivity fault detection mechanism on the IP connection. The model supports BFD as a fault detection mechanism. This can be extended with other mechanismsbyvia augmentation. The provider can propose some profiles to thecustomercustomer, dependingofon the service level the customer wants to achieve. Profile names must be communicated to the customer. This communication is out of scopeoffor this document. Some fixed values for the holdtime period may also be imposed by the customer if the providerenables it.allows the customer this function. TheOAM"oam" container can easily be augmented by othermechanisms, especiallymechanisms; in particular, workfromdone by the LIME Working Group (https://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/lime/charter/) may bereused.reused in applicable scenarios. 6.3.2.3. Inheritance ofparameters between siteParameters Defined at Site Level andsite-network-accessSite Network Access Level Some parameters can be configuredbothat both the site levelatand thesite- network-access level: e.g.site-network-access level, e.g., routing, services,security...security. Inheritance applies when parameters are defined at the site level. If a parameter is configured at both the site level and the access level, theaccess levelaccess-level parameter MUST override thesite levelsite-level parameter. Those parameters will be described later inthethis document. In terms ofprovisionningprovisioning impact, it will be up to the implementation to decideofon the appropriate behavior when modifying existing configurations. But theservice providerSP will need to communicate to the user about the impact of using inheritance. For example, if we consider that a site has alreadyprovisionnedprovisioned threesite-network- accesses,site-network-accesses, what will happen if a customeris changingchanges a service parameter at the sitelevel ?level? An implementation of this model may update the service parameters of allalready provisionned site-network- accessesalready-provisioned site-network-accesses (with potential impact on livetraffic)traffic), or it may take into account this new parameter only for the new sites. 6.4. SiteroleRole A VPN has a particular servicetopologytopology, as described in Section 6.2.1. As a consequence, each site belonging to a VPN is assigned with a particular role in this topology. The site-role leaf defines the role of the site in a particular VPN topology. In the any-to-any VPN service topology, all sites MUST have the samerolerole, whichis any-to-any-role.will be "any-to-any-role". In thehub-spokeHub-and-Spoke VPN service topology orhub-spoke-disjointthe Hub and Spoke disjoint VPN service topology, sites MUST have ahub-roleHub role or aspoke-role.Spoke role. 6.5. SitebelongingBelonging tomultipleMultiple VPNs 6.5.1. Sitevpn flavorVPN Flavor A site may be part of one or multiple VPNs. Thesite flavor"site-vpn-flavor" defines the way the VPN multiplexing is done. The current version of the model supports four flavors: o site-vpn-flavor-single:theThe site belongs to only one VPN. o site-vpn-flavor-multi:theThe site belongs to multipleVPNsVPNs, and all the logical accesses of the sitesbelongsbelong to the same set of VPNs. o site-vpn-flavor-sub:theThe site belongs to multiple VPNs with multiple logical accesses. Each logical access may map to different VPNs (one or many). o site-vpn-flavor-nni:theThe site represents an option A NNI. 6.5.1.1. Single VPNattachment :Attachment: site-vpn-flavor-single The figure below describesthea single VPN attachment. The site connects to only one VPN. +--------+ +------------------+ Site / \ | |-----------------------------| | | |***(site-network-access#1)***| VPN1 | | New York Office | | | | |***(site-network-access#2)***| | | |-----------------------------| | +------------------+ \ / +--------+ 6.5.1.2.Multi VPN attachment :MultiVPN Attachment: site-vpn-flavor-multi The figure below describes a site connected to multiple VPNs. +---------+ +---/----+ \ +------------------+ Site / | \ | | |--------------------------------- | |VPN B| | |***(site-network-access#1)******* | | | | New York Office | | | | | | |***(site-network-access#2)******* \ | / | |-----------------------------| VPN A+-----|---+ +------------------+ \ / +--------+ In the example above, the New York office ismultihomed, bothmultihomed. Both logical accesses are using the same VPN attachmentrules. Both logical accessesrules, and both are connected to VPN A and VPN B. Reaching VPN A or VPN B from the New York office will bebased on destination baseddone via destination-based routing. Having the same destination reachable from the two VPNs may cause routing troubles.ThisThe customer administration's role in this case would bethe role of the customer administrationto ensure the appropriate mapping of its prefixes in each VPN. 6.5.1.3.Sub VPN attachment :SubVPN Attachment: site-vpn-flavor-sub The figure below describes a subVPN attachment. The site connects to multipleVPNsVPNs, but each logical access is attached to a particular set ofVPN.VPNs. A typical use caseoffor a subVPN is a customer site used by multiple affiliates with private resources for eachaffiliatesaffiliate that cannot be shared (communicationis preventedbetween theaffiliates).affiliates is prevented). It is similarthanto having separatesites instead thatsites, but in this case the customer wants to share some physical components whilekeeping amaintaining strong communication isolation between the affiliates. Inthethis example,the access#1site-network-access#1 is attached to VPNBB, whilethe access#2site-network-access#2 is attached toVPNA.VPN A. +------------------+ Site +--------+ | |----------------------------------/ \ | |****(site-network-access#1)******| VPN B | | New York Office | \ / | | +--------+ | | +--------+ | | / \ | |****(site-network-access#2)******| VPN A | | | \ / | | +--------+ | |----------------------------------- +------------------+MultiVPNA multiVPN can be implemented in addition tosubVPN,a subVPN; as a consequence, each site-network-access can accesstomultiple VPNs. In the example below,access#1site-network-access#1 is mapped to VPN B and VPN C, whileaccess#2site-network-access#2 is mapped to VPN A and VPN D.+------------------++-----------------+ Site+-----++------+ ||----------------------------------/ +----+|--------------------------------/ +-----+ ||****(site-network-access#1)******||****(site-network-access#1)****| VPNB/B / \ | New York Office | \ | VPN C | | |+----\+-----\ / | | +-----+ | | | |+------++-------+ | | / +-----+ ||****(site-network-access#2)******||****(site-network-access#2)****| VPNA/A / \ | | \ | VPN D | | | +------\ / ||----------------------------------- +---+ +------------------+|--------------------------------- +-----+ +-----------------+ Multihoming is also possible withsubVPN,subVPNs; in this case,site-network- accessessite-network-accesses are grouped, and a particular group will have access to the same set of VPNs. In the example below,access#1site-network-access#1 and#2site-network-access#2 are part of the same group (multihomed together) and are mapped to VPN B andC,VPN C; inaddition access#3addition, site-network-access#3 and#4site-network-access#4 are part of the same group (multihomed together) and are mapped to VPN A and VPN D.+------------------++-----------------+ Site+-----++------+ ||----------------------------------/ +----+|---------------------------------/ +-----+ ||****(site-network-access#1)******| VPNB|****(site-network-access#1)*****| VPN B / \ | New York Office|****(site-network-access#2)******\|****(site-network-access#2)***** \ | VPN C | | |+----\+-----\ / | | +-----+ | | | | +------+ | | / +-----+ ||****(site-network-access#3)******| VPNA|****(site-network-access#3)*****| VPN A / \ ||****(site-network-access#4)******|****(site-network-access#4)***** \ | VPN D | | |+------\+-----\ / ||----------------------------------- +---+ +------------------+|---------------------------------- +-----+ +-----------------+ In terms of service configuration, a subVPN can be achieved by requesting that the site-network-accesstouse the same bearer (seeSectionSections 6.6.4 andSection6.6.6.4 for more details). 6.5.1.4.NNI :NNI: site-vpn-flavor-nniSome Network to NetworkA Network-to-Network Interface (NNI) scenario may be modeled using thesitesites container (see Section 6.15.1). Using thesitesites container to model an NNI is only one possible option forNNINNIs (see Section 6.15). This option is calledoption A"option A" by reference to the option A NNI defined in [RFC4364]. It is helpful for theservice providerSP toidentifyindicate that the requested VPN connection is not a regular site buta NNIrather is an NNI, as specific default device configuration parameters may be applied in the case ofNNI (e.g.NNIs (e.g., ACLs, routingpolicies...).policies). SP A SP B--------------------- --------------------------------------- ------------------- / \ / \ | | | | | ++++++++InterASInter-AS link ++++++++ | | ++_____________ ++_______________+ + | | +(VRF1)--(VPN1)----(VRF1)(VRF1)---(VPN1)----(VRF1) + | | + ASBR + + ASBR + | | +(VRF2)--(VPN2)----(VRF2)(VRF2)---(VPN2)----(VRF2) + | | ++______________++_______________+ + | | ++++++++ ++++++++ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ++++++++InterASInter-AS link ++++++++ | | ++_____________ ++_______________+ + | | +(VRF1)--(VPN1)----(VRF1)(VRF1)---(VPN1)----(VRF1) + | | + ASBR + + ASBR + | | +(VRF2)--(VPN2)----(VRF2)(VRF2)---(VPN2)----(VRF2) + | | ++______________++_______________+ + | | ++++++++ ++++++++ | | | | | | | | | \ / \ /--------------------------------------- ------------------- The figure above describes an option A NNI scenario that can be modeled using thesitesites container. In order to connect its customerVPNVPNs (VPN1 and VPN2)on thein SPB network,B, SP A may request the creation of some site-network-accesses to SP B. Thesite-vpn-flavor- nnisite-vpn-flavor-nni will be used to inform SP B that this is an NNI and not a regular customer site. The site-vpn-flavor-nni may be multihomed and multiVPN as well. 6.5.2. Attaching asiteSite to a VPN Due to the multiple site-vpn flavors, the attachment of a site to anIPVPNIP VPN is done at the site-network-access (logical access) level through thevpn-attachment"vpn-attachment" container. The vpn-attachment container is mandatory. The model provides two waysof attachment:to attach a site to a VPN: o By referencingdirectlythe targetVPN.VPN directly. o By referencing a VPN policy for attachments that are morecomplex attachments.complex. A choice is implemented to allow the user to choose the flavor that provides the bestfitting flavor.fit. 6.5.2.1.ReferenceReferencing a VPN Referencing a vpn-id provides an easy way to attach a particular logical access to a VPN. This is the best way in the case of a single VPN attachment or subVPN with a single VPN attachment per logical access. When referencing a vpn-id, the site-role setting must be added to express the role of the site in the target VPN service topology. <site> <site-id>SITE1</site-id> <site-network-accesses> <site-network-access> <site-network-access-id>LA1</site-network-access-id> <vpn-attachment> <vpn-id>VPNA</vpn-id> <site-role>spoke-role</site-role> </vpn-attachment> </site-network-access> <site-network-access> <site-network-access-id>LA2</site-network-access-id> <vpn-attachment> <vpn-id>VPNB</vpn-id> <site-role>spoke-role</site-role> </vpn-attachment> </site-network-access> </site-network-accesses> </site> The example above describes a subVPN case where a siteSITE1(SITE1) has two logical accesses (LA1 andLA2)LA2), with LA1 attached to VPNA and LA2 attached to VPNB. 6.5.2.2. VPNpolicyPolicy Thevpn-policy"vpn-policy" list helpstoexpress a multiVPN scenario where a logical access belongs to multiple VPNs. Multiple VPN policies can be created to handle the subVPN case where each logical access is part of a different set of VPNs. As a site can belong to multiple VPNs, the vpn-policy list may be composed of multiple entries. A filter can be applied to specify that only some LANs of the site should be part of a particular VPN. Each time a site (or LAN) is attached to a VPN, the user must precisely describe its role (site-role) within the target VPN service topology. +--------------------------------------------------------------+ | Site1 ------ PE7 | +-------------------------+ [VPN2] | | | +-------------------------+ | | Site2 ------ PE3 PE4 ------ Site3 | +----------------------------------+ | | | +------------------------------------------------------------+ | | Site4 ------ PE5 | PE6 ------ Site5 | | | | | | [VPN3] | | +------------------------------------------------------------+ | | | +---------------------------+ In the example above, Site5 is part of two VPNs: VPN3 and VPN2. It will play ahub-roleHub role in VPN2 and an any-to-any role in VPN3. We can express such a multiVPN scenario as follows: <site> <site-id>Site5</site-id> <vpn-policies> <vpn-policy> <vpn-policy-id>POLICY1</vpn-policy-id> <entries> <id>ENTRY1</id> <vpn> <vpn-id>VPN2</vpn-id> <site-role>hub-role</site-role> </vpn> </entries> <entries> <id>ENTRY2</id> <vpn> <vpn-id>VPN3</vpn-id> <site-role>any-to-any-role</site-role> </vpn> </entries> </vpn-policy> </vpn-policies> <site-network-accesses> <site-network-access> <site-network-access-id>LA1</site-network-access-id> <vpn-attachment> <vpn-policy-id>POLICY1</vpn-policy-id> </vpn-attachment> </site-network-access> </site-network-accesses> </site> Now, if amore granularmore-granular VPN attachment is necessary, filtering can be used. For example, if LAN1 from Site5 must be attached to VPN2 as a Hub and LAN2 must be attached to VPN3, the following configuration can be used: <site> <site-id>Site5</site-id> <vpn-policies> <vpn-policy> <vpn-policy-id>POLICY1</vpn-policy-id> <entries> <id>ENTRY1</id> <filter> <lan-tag>LAN1</lan-tag> </filter> <vpn> <vpn-id>VPN2</vpn-id> <site-role>hub-role</site-role> </vpn> </entries> <entries> <id>ENTRY2</id> <filter> <lan-tag>LAN2</lan-tag> </filter> <vpn> <vpn-id>VPN3</vpn-id> <site-role>any-to-any-role</site-role> </vpn> </entries> </vpn-policy> </vpn-policies> <site-network-accesses> <site-network-access> <site-network-access-id>LA1</site-network-access-id> <vpn-attachment> <vpn-policy-id>POLICY1</vpn-policy-id> </vpn-attachment> </site-network-access> </site-network-accesses> </site> 6.6. DecidingwhereWhere toconnectConnect thesiteSite The management system will have to determine where to connect each site-network-access of a particular site to the provider network(PE,(e.g., PE, aggregationswitch ...).switch). The current model proposes parameters and constraints that can influence the meshing of the site-network-access. The management system SHOULD honortheany customerconstraints, if theconstraints. If a constraint is too strict andcan notcannot befilled,fulfilled, the management system MUSTnotNOT provision the site and SHOULD provideanrelevant information to the user. How the information is provided is out of scopeof thefor this document.ItWhether or not to relax the constraint would then be left up to theuser to relax the constraint or not.user. Parameters are just hints for the management system for service placement. In addition to parameters and constraints, the managementsystemsystem's decision MAY be based on any other internalconstraintconstraints that are left up to theservice provider:SP: least load,distance ...distance, etc. 6.6.1. Constraint: Device In the case ofprovider-managementprovider management or co-management, one or more devices have been ordered by the customer. The customer may force a particular site-network-access to be connected on a particular device that he ordered. New York Site +------------------+ Site | +--------------+ |----------------------------------- | | Manhattan | | | | CE1********* (site-network-access#1) ****** | +--------------+ | | +--------------+ | | | Brooklyn CE2********* (site-network-access#2) ****** | +--------------+ | | |----------------------------------- +------------------+ In the figure above,thesite-network-access#1 is associatedtowith CE1 in the service request. Theservice providerSP must ensure theprovisionningprovisioning of this connection. 6.6.2.Constraint/parameter:Constraint/Parameter: SitelocationLocation The location information provided in this model MAY be used by a management system to determine the target PE to mesh the site(service provider(SP side). A particular location must be associatedtowith each site network access when configuring it. Theservice providerSP MUST honor the termination of the access on the location associated with the site network access (customer side). Thecountry-code"country-code" in thesite-locationsite location SHOULD be expressed as an ISO ALPHA-2 code. The site-network-access location is determined by the"location- flavor"."location-flavor". In the case of a provider-managed or co-managed site, the user is expected to configure a "device-reference" (device case) that will bind the site-network-access to a particular device that the customer ordered. As each device is already associatedtowith a particular location, in such a case the location information is retrieved from the device location. In the case ofcustomer-manageda customer- managed site, the user is expected to configure a "location-reference" (locationcase),case); this provides a reference to an existing configured location and will helpthewith placement.PoP#1POP#1 (New York) +---------+ | PE1 | Site #1 ---... | PE2 | (Atlantic City) | PE3 | +---------+PoP#2POP#2 (Washington) +---------+ | PE4 | | PE5 | | PE6 | +---------+PoP#3POP#3 (Philadelphia) +---------+ | PE7 | Site #2 CE#1---... |PE2PE8 | (Reston) | PE9 | +---------+ In the example above,Site#1Site #1 is acustomer managedcustomer-managed site with a location L1, whileSite#2Site #2 is a provider-managed site for which aCE#1CE (CE#1) wasordered, Site#2ordered. Site #2 is configured with L2 as its location. When configuring a site-network-access forSite#1,Site #1, the user will need to referencethelocationL1,L1 so that the management system will know that the access will need to terminate on this location.ThenThen, for distance reasons, this management system may meshSite#1Site #1 on a PE in the PhiladelphiaPoP for distance reason.POP. It may also take into account resources available on PEs to determine the exact target PE(e.g.(e.g., least loaded).Regarding Site#2,For Site #2, the user is expected to configure thesite-network- accesssite-network-access with a device-reference toCE#1,CE#1 so that the management system will know that the access must terminate on the location of CE#1 and must be connected to CE#1. Forplacingplacement of theservice providerSP side of the access connection, in the case ofshortest distancethe nearest PE used, it may mesh Site #2 on the WashingtonPoP.POP. 6.6.3.Constraint/parameter: access typeConstraint/Parameter: Access Type The management system needs to elect the access media to connect the site to the customer (forexample :example, xDSL, leased line, Ethernetbackhaul ...).backhaul). The customer may provide some parameters/constraints that will provide hints to the management system. The bearer container information SHOULD beused asthe firstinput :piece of information considered when making this decision: o The "requested-type" parameter providesaninformation about the media type that the customer wouldlike.like to use. If the "strict" leaf is equal to "true", this MUST be consideredasa strictconstraint,constraint so that the management system cannot connect the site with another media type. If the "strict" leaf is equal to "false"(default),(default) and if therequested-typerequested media type cannot be fulfilled, the management system can select another media type. The supported media types SHOULD be communicated by theservice providerSP to the customerbyvia a mechanism that is out of scopeof thefor this document. o The "always-on" leaf defines a strict constraint: if set to"true",true, the management system MUST elect a media typewhichthat isalways-on (this"always-on" (e.g., this means no dial access type). o The "bearer-reference" parameter is used incasecases where the customer has already ordered a network connection to theservice providerSP apartoffrom theIPVPNIP VPN site and wants to reuse this connection. The string usedinis an internal reference from theservice provider describingSP and describes thealready availablealready-available connection. This is also a strict requirement that cannot be relaxed. How the reference is given to the customer is out of scopeof the documentfor this document, but as a pure example, when the customer ordered the bearer (through a process that is out of scope for this model), theservice providerSP mayhadhave provided the bearer reference that can be used forprovisionningprovisioning services on top. Any other internal parameters from theservice providerSP can also beused in addition.used. The management system MAY use otherparametersparameters, such as the requestedsvc-input-bandwidth"svc-input-bandwidth" andsvc-output-bandwidth"svc-output-bandwidth", to helptodecidethewhich access type tobe used.use. 6.6.4. Constraint:access diversityAccess Diversity Each site-network-access may have one or more constraints that would drive the placement of the access. By default, the model assumes that there are noconstraintconstraints, butis expectedallocation of a unique bearer persite- network-access.site-network-access is expected. In order to help with the different placement scenarios, asite-network- accesssite-network-access may be tagged using one or multiple group identifiers. The group identifier is astringstring, so it can accommodate both explicit naming of a group of sites(e.g.(e.g., "multihomed-set1" or "subVPN")orand the use of a numbered identifier(e.g.(e.g., 12345678). The meaning of each group-id is local to each customeradministrator. Andadministrator, and the management system MUST ensure that different customers can use the same group-ids. One or more group-ids can also be defined at thesite-level,site level; as a consequence, all site-network-accesses under the site MUST inherit the group-ids of the site theyare belongingbelong to. When, in addition to the sitegroup-ids,group-ids some group-ids are defined at thesite- network-accesssite-network-access level, the management system MUST consider the union of all groups (site level and site network access level) for this particular site-network-access. For analready configuredalready-configured site-network-access, each constraint MUST be expressed against a targeted set ofsite-network-accesses, thissite-network-accesses. This site-network-access MUST never be taken into account in the targetedset: e.g.set -- for example, "My site-network-access S must not be connected on the samePoPPOP as the site-network-accesses that are part ofgroup 10".Group 10." The set of site-network-accesses against which the constraint is evaluated can be expressed as a list ofgroups or "all-other- accesses"groups, "all-other-accesses", or "all-other-groups". The"all-other-accesses"all-other-accesses option means that the current site-network-access constraint MUST be evaluated against all the other site-network-accesses belonging to the current site. The"all-other-groups"all-other-groups option means that the constraint MUST be evaluated against all groups that the currentsite- network-access issite-network-access does notbelongingbelong to. The current model proposes multiple constraint-types: o pe-diverse:theThe current site-network-access MUSTnotNOT be connected to the same PE as the targeted site-network-accesses. o pop-diverse:theThe current site-network-access MUSTnotNOT be connected to the samePoPPOP as the targeted site-network-accesses. o linecard-diverse:theThe current site-network-access MUSTnotNOT be connected to the same linecard as the targetedsite-network- accesses.site-network-accesses. o bearer-diverse:theThe current site-network-access MUST NOT use common bearer components compared to bearers used by the targeted site-network-accesses. "bearer-diverse" provides some level of diversity at the access level. As an example, two"bearer- diverse"bearer-diverse site-network-accesses must not use the sameDSLAMDSLAM, BAS, orBAS or layerLayer 2switch...switch. o same-pe:theThe current site-network-access MUST be connected to the same PE as the targeted site-network-accesses. o same-bearer:theThe current site-network-access MUST be connected using the same bearer as the targeted site-network-accesses. These constraint-types can be extended through augmentation. Each constraint is expressed as "The site-network-access S must be <constraint-type>(e.g.(e.g., pe-diverse, pop-diverse) from these <target>site-network-accesses".site-network-accesses." The group-id used to target some site-network-accesses may be the same as the one used by the current site-network-access. This eases the configuration of scenarios where a group of site-network-access points has a constraint betweeneach other.the access points in the group. As anexampleexample, if we want a set of sites(site#1 up(Site#1 to#5)Site#5) to be connected on different PEs, we can tag them with the same group-id and express a pe-diverse constraint for this group-id. <site> <site-id>SITE1</site-id> <site-network-accesses> <site-network-access> <site-network-access-id>1</site-network-access-id> <access-diversity> <groups> <group> <group-id>10</group-id> </group> </groups> <constraints> <constraint> <constraint-type>pe-diverse</constraint-type> <target> <group> <group-id>10</group-id> </group> </target> </constraint> </constraints> </access-diversity> <vpn-attachment> <vpn-id>VPNA</vpn-id> <site-role>spoke-role</site-role> </vpn-attachment> </site-network-access> </site-network-accesses> </site> <site> <site-id>SITE2</site-id> <site-network-accesses> <site-network-access> <site-network-access-id>1</site-network-access-id> <access-diversity> <groups> <group> <group-id>10</group-id> </group> </groups> <constraints> <constraint> <constraint-type>pe-diverse</constraint-type> <target> <group> <group-id>10</group-id> </group> </target> </constraint> </constraints> </access-diversity> <vpn-attachment> <vpn-id>VPNA</vpn-id> <site-role>spoke-role</site-role> </vpn-attachment> </site-network-access> </site-network-accesses> </site> ... <site> <site-id>SITE5</site-id> <site-network-accesses> <site-network-access> <site-network-access-id>1</site-network-access-id> <access-diversity> <groups> <group> <group-id>10</group-id> </group> </groups> <constraints> <constraint> <constraint-type>pe-diverse</constraint-type> <target> <group> <group-id>10</group-id> </group> </target> </constraint> </constraints> </access-diversity> <vpn-attachment> <vpn-id>VPNA</vpn-id> <site-role>spoke-role</site-role> </vpn-attachment> </site-network-access> </site-network-accesses> </site> The group-id used to target some site-network-accesses maybealso be different than the one used by the current site-network-access. This can be used to express that a group ofsitesites has some constraints against another group of sites, but there is no constraint within the group.As anFor example,ifwe consider a set of6six siteswith two setsand two groups; we want to ensure that a site in the firstsetgroup must bepop- diversepop-diverse from a site in the secondset.group: <site> <site-id>SITE1</site-id> <site-network-accesses> <site-network-access> <site-network-access-id>1</site-network-access-id> <access-diversity> <groups> <group> <group-id>10</group-id> </group> </groups> <constraints> <constraint> <constraint-type>pop-diverse</constraint-type> <target> <group> <group-id>20</group-id> </group> </target> </constraint> </constraints> </access-diversity> <vpn-attachment> <vpn-id>VPNA</vpn-id> <site-role>spoke-role</site-role> </vpn-attachment> </site-network-access> </site-network-accesses> </site> <site> <site-id>SITE2</site-id> <site-network-accesses> <site-network-access> <site-network-access-id>1</site-network-access-id> <access-diversity> <groups> <group> <group-id>10</group-id> </group> </groups> <constraints> <constraint> <constraint-type>pop-diverse</constraint-type> <target> <group> <group-id>20</group-id> </group> </target> </constraint> </constraints> </access-diversity> <vpn-attachment> <vpn-id>VPNA</vpn-id> <site-role>spoke-role</site-role> </vpn-attachment> </site-network-access> </site-network-accesses> </site> ... <site> <site-id>SITE5</site-id> <site-network-accesses> <site-network-access> <site-network-access-id>1</site-network-access-id> <access-diversity> <groups> <group> <group-id>20</group-id> </group> </groups> <constraints> <constraint> <constraint-type>pop-diverse</constraint-type> <target> <group> <group-id>10</group-id> </group> </target> </constraint> </constraints> </access-diversity> <vpn-attachment> <vpn-id>VPNA</vpn-id> <site-role>spoke-role</site-role> </vpn-attachment> </site-network-access> </site-network-accesses> </site> <site> <site-id>SITE6</site-id> <site-network-accesses> <site-network-access> <site-network-access-id>1</site-network-access-id> <access-diversity> <groups> <group> <group-id>20</group-id> </group> </groups> <constraints> <constraint> <constraint-type>pop-diverse</constraint-type> <target> <group> <group-id>10</group-id> </group> </target> </constraint> </constraints> </access-diversity> <vpn-attachment> <vpn-id>VPNA</vpn-id> <site-role>spoke-role</site-role> </vpn-attachment> </site-network-access> </site-network-accesses> </site> 6.6.5.Impossible access placementInfeasible Access Placement Someimpossibleinfeasible access placement scenariosmaycould be createdthroughvia the proposed configuration framework.ImpossibleSuch infeasible access placement scenarios couldcomeresult fromtoo restrictiveconstraints that are too restrictive, leading toimpossibleinfeasible access placement in the network or conflicting constraints that would also lead toimpossibleinfeasible access placement. An example of conflicting rules would be to requestathat site-network-access#1tobe pe-diverse froma site-network- access#2site-network-access#2 and to request at the same time that site-network-access#2tobe on the same PE as site-network-access#1. When the management system cannot determine the placement of a site-network-access, it SHOULD return an error message indicating that placement was not possible. 6.6.6. Examples ofaccess placementAccess Placement 6.6.6.1. Multihoming The customer wants to create a multihomed site. The site will be composed of twosite-network-accesses andsite-network-accesses; for resiliency purposes, the customer wants the two site-network-accesses to be meshed on differentPoPs for resiliency purpose. PoP#1POPs. POP#1 +-------+ +---------+ | | | PE1 | ||---site_network_access#1 ---- ||---site-network-access#1----| PE2 | | | | PE3 | | | +---------+ | Site#1| | |PoP#2POP#2 | | +---------+ | | | PE4 | ||---site_network_access#2 ---- ||---site-network-access#2----| PE5 | | | | PE6 | | | +---------+ +-------+ This scenario can be expressedin the following way:as follows: <site> <site-id>SITE1</site-id> <site-network-accesses> <site-network-access> <site-network-access-id>1</site-network-access-id> <access-diversity> <groups> <group> <group-id>10</group-id> </group> </groups> <constraints> <constraint> <constraint-type>pop-diverse</constraint-type> <target> <group> <group-id>20</group-id> </group> </target> </constraint> </constraints> </access-diversity> <vpn-attachment> <vpn-id>VPNA</vpn-id> <site-role>spoke-role</site-role> </vpn-attachment> </site-network-access> <site-network-access> <site-network-access-id>2</site-network-access-id> <access-diversity> <groups> <group> <group-id>20</group-id> </group> </groups> <constraints> <constraint> <constraint-type>pop-diverse</constraint-type> <target> <group> <group-id>10</group-id> </group> </target> </constraint> </constraints> </access-diversity> <vpn-attachment> <vpn-id>VPNA</vpn-id> <site-role>spoke-role</site-role> </vpn-attachment> </site-network-access> </site-network-accesses> </site> But it can also be expressedas:as follows: <site> <site-id>SITE1</site-id> <site-network-accesses> <site-network-access> <site-network-access-id>1</site-network-access-id> <access-diversity> <constraints> <constraint> <constraint-type>pop-diverse</constraint-type> <target> <all-other-accesses/> </target> </constraint> </constraints> </access-diversity> <vpn-attachment> <vpn-id>VPNA</vpn-id> <site-role>spoke-role</site-role> </vpn-attachment> </site-network-access> <site-network-access> <site-network-access-id>2</site-network-access-id> <access-diversity> <constraints> <constraint> <constraint-type>pop-diverse</constraint-type> <target> <all-other-accesses/> </target> </constraint> </constraints> </access-diversity> <vpn-attachment> <vpn-id>VPNA</vpn-id> <site-role>spoke-role</site-role> </vpn-attachment> </site-network-access> </site-network-accesses> </site> 6.6.6.2. SiteoffloadOffload The customer has six branch offices in a particularregionregion, and he wants to preventto havehaving all branch officesto beconnected on the same PE. He wants to express that three branch offices cannot be connected on the same linecard.AndAlso, the other branch offices must be connected on a differentPoP.POP. Those other branch offices cannot also be connected on the same linecard.PoP#1POP#1 +---------+ | PE1 | Office#1 ---... | PE2 | Office#2 ---... | PE3 | Office#3 ---... | PE4 | +---------+PoP#2POP#2 +---------+ Office#4 ---... |PE4PE5 | Office#5 ---... |PE5PE6 | Office#6 ---... |PE6PE7 | +---------+ This scenario can be expressedin the following way:as follows: o We need to create twosetsgroups of sites:set#1Group#10, which is composed ofOffice#1 up to 3, set#2Office#1, Office#2, and Office#3; and Group#20, which is composed ofOffice#4 up to 6.Office#4, Office#5, and Office#6. o Sites withinset#1Group#10 must be pop-diverse from sites withinset#2Group#20, and vice versa. o Sites withinset#1Group#10 must be linecard-diverse from other sites inset#1Group#10 (same forset#2).Group#20). <site><site-id>SITE1</site-id><site-id>Office1</site-id> <site-network-accesses> <site-network-access> <site-network-access-id>1</site-network-access-id> <access-diversity> <groups> <group> <group-id>10</group-id> </group> </groups> <constraints> <constraint> <constraint-type>pop-diverse</constraint-type> <target> <group> <group-id>20</group-id> </group> </target> </constraint> <constraint> <constraint-type>linecard-diverse</constraint-type> <target> <group> <group-id>10</group-id> </group> </target> </constraint> </constraints> </access-diversity> <vpn-attachment> <vpn-id>VPNA</vpn-id> <site-role>spoke-role</site-role> </vpn-attachment> </site-network-access> </site-network-accesses> </site> <site><site-id>SITE2</site-id><site-id>Office2</site-id> <site-network-accesses> <site-network-access> <site-network-access-id>1</site-network-access-id> <access-diversity> <groups> <group> <group-id>10</group-id> </group> </groups> <constraints> <constraint> <constraint-type>pop-diverse</constraint-type> <target> <group> <group-id>20</group-id> </group> </target> </constraint> <constraint> <constraint-type>linecard-diverse</constraint-type> <target> <group> <group-id>10</group-id> </group> </target> </constraint> </constraints> </access-diversity> <vpn-attachment> <vpn-id>VPNA</vpn-id> <site-role>spoke-role</site-role> </vpn-attachment> </site-network-access> </site-network-accesses> </site> <site><site-id>SITE3</site-id><site-id>Office3</site-id> <site-network-accesses> <site-network-access> <site-network-access-id>1</site-network-access-id> <access-diversity> <groups> <group> <group-id>10</group-id> </group> </groups> <constraints> <constraint> <constraint-type>pop-diverse</constraint-type> <target> <group> <group-id>20</group-id> </group> </target> </constraint> <constraint> <constraint-type>linecard-diverse</constraint-type> <target> <group> <group-id>10</group-id> </group> </target> </constraint> </constraints> </access-diversity> <vpn-attachment> <vpn-id>VPNA</vpn-id> <site-role>spoke-role</site-role> </vpn-attachment> </site-network-access> </site-network-accesses> </site> <site><site-id>SITE4</site-id><site-id>Office4</site-id> <site-network-accesses> <site-network-access> <site-network-access-id>1</site-network-access-id> <access-diversity> <groups> <group> <group-id>20</group-id> </group> </groups> <constraints> <constraint> <constraint-type>pop-diverse</constraint-type> <target> <group> <group-id>10</group-id> </group> </target> </constraint> <constraint> <constraint-type>linecard-diverse</constraint-type> <target> <group> <group-id>20</group-id> </group> </target> </constraint> </constraints> </access-diversity> <vpn-attachment> <vpn-id>VPNA</vpn-id> <site-role>spoke-role</site-role> </vpn-attachment> </site-network-access> </site-network-accesses> </site> <site><site-id>SITE5</site-id><site-id>Office5</site-id> <site-network-accesses> <site-network-access> <site-network-access-id>1</site-network-access-id> <access-diversity> <groups> <group> <group-id>20</group-id> </group> </groups> <constraints> <constraint> <constraint-type>pop-diverse</constraint-type> <target> <group> <group-id>10</group-id> </group> </target> </constraint> <constraint> <constraint-type>linecard-diverse</constraint-type> <target> <group> <group-id>20</group-id> </group> </target> </constraint> </constraints> </access-diversity> <vpn-attachment> <vpn-id>VPNA</vpn-id> <site-role>spoke-role</site-role> </vpn-attachment> </site-network-access> </site-network-accesses> </site> <site><site-id>SITE6</site-id><site-id>Office6</site-id> <site-network-accesses> <site-network-access> <site-network-access-id>1</site-network-access-id> <access-diversity> <groups> <group> <group-id>20</group-id> </group> </groups> <constraints> <constraint> <constraint-type>pop-diverse</constraint-type> <target> <group> <group-id>10</group-id> </group> </target> </constraint> <constraint> <constraint-type>linecard-diverse</constraint-type> <target> <group> <group-id>20</group-id> </group> </target> </constraint> </constraints> </access-diversity> <vpn-attachment> <vpn-id>VPNA</vpn-id> <site-role>spoke-role</site-role> </vpn-attachment> </site-network-access> </site-network-accesses> </site> 6.6.6.3. ParallellinksLinks To increase its site bandwidth ata cheaperlower cost, a customer wants to order two parallel site-network-accesses that will be connected to the same PE.*******SNA1*****************site-network-access#1********** Site 1*******SNA2*****************site-network-access#2********** PE1 This scenario can be expressedin the following way:as follows: <site> <site-id>SITE1</site-id> <site-network-accesses> <site-network-access> <site-network-access-id>1</site-network-access-id> <access-diversity> <groups> <group> <group-id>PE-linkgrp-1</group-id> </group> </groups> <constraints> <constraint> <constraint-type>same-pe</constraint-type> <target> <group> <group-id>PE-linkgrp-1</group-id> </group> </target> </constraint> </constraints> </access-diversity> <vpn-attachment> <vpn-id>VPNB</vpn-id> <site-role>spoke-role</site-role> </vpn-attachment> </site-network-access> <site-network-access> <site-network-access-id>2</site-network-access-id> <access-diversity> <groups> <group> <group-id>PE-linkgrp-1</group-id> </group> </groups> <constraints> <constraint> <constraint-type>same-pe</constraint-type> <target> <group> <group-id>PE-linkgrp-1</group-id> </group> </target> </constraint> </constraints> </access-diversity> <vpn-attachment> <vpn-id>VPNB</vpn-id> <site-role>spoke-role</site-role> </vpn-attachment> </site-network-access> </site-network-accesses> </site> 6.6.6.4. SubVPN withmultihomingMultihoming A customer has a sitewhichthat isdualhomed.dual-homed. Thedualhomingdual-homing must be done on two different PEs. The customerwantsalso wants to implement two subVPNs on those multihomed accesses.+------------------++-----------------+ Site+-----++------+ ||----------------------------------/ +----+|---------------------------------/ +-----+ ||****(site-network-access#1)******| VPNB|****(site-network-access#1)*****| VPN B / \ | New York Office|****(site-network-access#2)*************||****(site-network-access#2)************| VPN C | | |+----\+-----\ / | | +-----+ | | | | +------+ | | / +-----+ ||****(site-network-access#3)******| VPNB|****(site-network-access#3)*****| VPN B / \ ||****(site-network-access#4)**************||****(site-network-access#4)************| VPN C | | |+------\+-----\ / | |-----------------------------------+---+ +------------------++-----+ +-----------------+ This scenario can be expressedin the following way:as follows: o The site will have4four site network accesses(2 subVPN(two subVPNs coupledwith dual homing).via dual-homing). o Site-network-access#1 and#3site-network-access#3 will correspond to the multihoming ofthesubVPN B. A PE-diverse constraint is required between them. o Site-network-access#2 and#4site-network-access#4 will correspond to the multihoming ofthesubVPN C. A PE-diverse constraint is required between them. o To ensure proper usage of the same bearer for the subVPN,site- network-access #1site-network-access#1 and#2site-network-access#2 must share the same bearer assite- network-access #3site-network-access#3 and#4.site-network-access#4. <site> <site-id>SITE1</site-id> <site-network-accesses> <site-network-access> <site-network-access-id>1</site-network-access-id> <access-diversity> <groups> <group> <group-id>dualhomed-1</group-id> </group> </groups> <constraints> <constraint> <constraint-type>pe-diverse</constraint-type> <target> <group> <group-id>dualhomed-2</group-id> </group> </target> </constraint> <constraint> <constraint-type>same-bearer</constraint-type> <target> <group> <group-id>dualhomed-1</group-id> </group> </target> </constraint> </constraints> </access-diversity> <vpn-attachment> <vpn-id>VPNB</vpn-id> <site-role>spoke-role</site-role> </vpn-attachment> </site-network-access> <site-network-access> <site-network-access-id>2</site-network-access-id> <access-diversity> <groups> <group> <group-id>dualhomed-1</group-id> </group> </groups> <constraints> <constraint> <constraint-type>pe-diverse</constraint-type> <target> <group> <group-id>dualhomed-2</group-id> </group> </target> </constraint> <constraint> <constraint-type>same-bearer</constraint-type> <target> <group> <group-id>dualhomed-1</group-id> </group> </target> </constraint> </constraints> </access-diversity> <vpn-attachment> <vpn-id>VPNC</vpn-id> <site-role>spoke-role</site-role> </vpn-attachment> </site-network-access> <site-network-access> <site-network-access-id>3</site-network-access-id> <access-diversity> <groups> <group> <group-id>dualhomed-2</group-id> </group> </groups> <constraints> <constraint> <constraint-type>pe-diverse</constraint-type> <target> <group> <group-id>dualhomed-1</group-id> </group> </target> </constraint> <constraint> <constraint-type>same-bearer</constraint-type> <target> <group> <group-id>dualhomed-2</group-id> </group> </target> </constraint> </constraints> </access-diversity> <vpn-attachment> <vpn-id>VPNB</vpn-id> <site-role>spoke-role</site-role> </vpn-attachment> </site-network-access> <site-network-access> <site-network-access-id>4</site-network-access-id> <access-diversity> <groups> <group> <group-id>dualhomed-2</group-id> </group> </groups> <constraints> <constraint> <constraint-type>pe-diverse</constraint-type> <target> <group> <group-id>dualhomed-1</group-id> </group> </target> </constraint> <constraint> <constraint-type>same-bearer</constraint-type> <target> <group> <group-id>dualhomed-2</group-id> </group> </target> </constraint> </constraints> </access-diversity> <vpn-attachment> <vpn-id>VPNC</vpn-id> <site-role>spoke-role</site-role> </vpn-attachment> </site-network-access> </site-network-accesses> </site> 6.6.7. Route Distinguisher and VRFallocationAllocation Theroute-distinguisherroute distinguisher (RD) is a critical parameter of PE-based L3VPNs as described in [RFC4364] thatallowsprovides the ability to distinguish common addressing plans in different VPNs. As forroute-targets, it is expected thatroute targets (RTs), a management systemwillis expected to allocate a VRF on the target PE anda route- distinguisheran RD for this VRF. If a VRF already exists on the targetPE,PE and the VRFfulfilsfulfills the connectivity constraints for the site, there is no need to recreate anotherVRFVRF, and the site MAY be meshed within this existing VRF. How the management system checks that an existing VRFfulfilsfulfills the connectivity constraints for a site is out of scopeoffor this document. If no suchaVRF exists on the target PE, the management system has to initiate the creation of a new VRFcreationon the target PE and has to allocate a newroute-distinguisherRD for this new VRF. The management system MAY apply a per-VPN or per-VRF allocation policy for theroute-distinguisherRD, depending on theservice providerSP's policy. In a per-VPN allocation policy, all VRFs (dispatched on multiple PEs) within a VPN will share the sameroute distinguisherRD value. In a per-VRF model, all VRFs should always have a uniqueroute-distinguisherRD value. Some other allocation policies are also possible, and this document does not restrict the allocation policies to be used. The allocation ofroute-distinguishersRDs MAY be done in the same way asroute-targets.RTs. Theexampleexamples provided in Section 6.2.1.1 could bereused.reused in this scenario. Note thata service provideran SP MAY configure a target PE for an automated allocation ofroute-distinguishers.RDs. In this case, there will be no need for any backend system to allocatea route- distinguisheran RD value. 6.7. Sitenetwork access availabilityNetwork Access Availability A site may be multihomed, meaning that it has multiple site-network-access points. Placement constraints defined in previous sections will helptoensure physical diversity. When the site-network-accesses are placed on the network, a customer may want to use a particular routing policy on those accesses. The "site-network-access/availability" container defines parameters forthesite redundancy. The "access-priority" leaf defines a preference for a particular access. This preference is used to modelloadbalancingload-balancing or primary/backup scenarios. The higher theaccess- priorityaccess-priority value, the higher the preference will be. The figure below describes how the access-priority attribute can be used. Hub#1 LAN (Primary/backup) Hub#2 LAN(Loadsharing)(Load-sharing) | | | access-priority 1 access-priority 1 | |--- CE1 ------- PE1 PE3 --------- CE3 --- | | | | | |--- CE2 ------- PE2 PE4 --------- CE4 --- | | access-priority 2 access-priority 1 | PE5 | | | CE5 | Spoke#1 site (Single-homed) In the figure above, Hub#2 requiresloadsharingload-sharing, so all thesite- network-accessessite-network-accesses must use the same access-priority value. On thecontrary,other hand, as Hub#1 requiresprimary/backup, ana primary site-network-access and a backup site-network-access, a higher access-priority setting will be configured on the primaryaccess. Moresite-network-access. Scenarios that are more complexscenarioscan be modeled. Let's consider a Hub site with five accesses to the network (A1,A2,A3,A4,A5). The customer wants toloadshareload-share its traffic on A1,A2 in the nominal situation. If A1 and A2fails, hefail, the customer wants toloadshareload-share its traffic on A3 andA4, and finallyA4; finally, if A1 to A4 are down, he wants to use A5. We can modelitthis easily by configuring the followingaccess-priorities:access-priority values: A1=100, A2=100, A3=50, A4=50, A5=10. The access-priority scenario has somelimitation. Alimitations. An access-priority scenario like the previous one with five accesses but with the constraint of having trafficloadsharedload-shared between A3 and A4 in the caseofwhere A1 OR A2beingis down is not achievable. But the authorsconsiderbelieve that using the access-prioritycoversattribute will cover most of the deployment use cases and that the model can still be extendedbyvia augmentation to support additional use cases. 6.8. TrafficprotectionProtection The service model supports the ability to protect the traffic for a site.ASuch protection provides a better level of availabilitytoin multihoming scenarios by, for example, using local-repair techniques in case of failures. The associated level of service guarantee would be based on an agreement between the customer andservice providerthe SP and is out of scopeoffor this document. Site#1 Site#2 CE1 ----- PE1 -- P1 P3 -- PE3 ---- CE3 | | | | | | CE2 ----- PE2 -- P2 P4 -- PE4 ---- CE4 / / CE5 ----+ Site#3 In the figure above, we consider anIPVPNIP VPN service with threesitessites, including twodual homeddual-homed sites(site#1(Site#1 and#2).Site#2). Fordual homeddual-homed sites, we consider PE1-CE1 and PE3-CE3 asprimary,primary and PE2-CE2,PE4-CE4 as backup for the example (even if protection also applies toloadsharingload-sharing scenarios). In order to protect Site#2 against a failure, a user may set the "traffic-protection/enabled" leaf to true forsite#2.Site#2. How the traffic protection will be implemented is out of scopeof thefor this document.But as an example,However, in such a case,ifwe could consider traffic coming from a remote site(site#1(Site#1 orsite#3),Site#3), where the primary pathis towould use PE3 as the egress PE. PE3 may have preprogrammed a backup forwarding entry pointing to the backup path (through PE4-CE4) for all prefixes going through the PE3-CE3 link. How the backup path is computed is out of scopeof thefor this document. When the PE3-CE3 link fails, traffic is still received byPE3PE3, but PE3switchautomatically switches traffic to the backupentry,entry; the path willsotherefore be PE1-P1-(...)-P3-PE3-PE4-CE4 until the remote PEs reconverge and use PE4 as the egress PE. 6.9. Security The "security" container definescustomer specificcustomer-specific security parameters for the site. The security options supported in the model are limited but may be extendedbyvia augmentation. 6.9.1. Authentication The current model does not support any authentication parameters for the site connection, but such parameters may be added in the "authentication" container through augmentation. 6.9.2. EncryptionA trafficTraffic encryption can be requested on the connection. It may be performed atlayerLayer 2 orlayerLayer 3 by selecting the appropriate enumeration in the "layer" leaf. For example,a service provideran SP may useIPSecIPsec when a customeris requesting layerrequests Layer 3 encryption. The encryption profile can bea service providerSP definedprofileoracustomer specific. Whena service provideran SP profile is used and a key(e.g.(e.g., apresharedpre-shared key) is allocated by the provider to be used by a customer, theservice providerSP should provide a way to communicate the key in a secured way to the customer. When a customer profile is used, the model supports onlypreshareda pre-shared key forauthenticationauthentication, with thepresharedpre-shared key provided through the NETCONF or RESTCONF request. A secure channel must be used to ensure that thepresharedpre-shared key cannot be intercepted.ItFor security reasons, it may be necessary for the customer to change thepresharedpre-shared key on a regularbasis for security reasons.basis. To perform a key change, the user canrequestask the SP to change theservice providerpre-shared key by submitting a newpresharedpre-shared key for the site configuration (asdisplayedshown below). This mechanismmaymight nottobe hitless. <site> <site-id>SITE1</site-id> <site-network-accesses> <site-network-access> <site-network-access-id>1</site-network-access-id> <security> <encryption-profile> <preshared-key>MY_NEW_KEY</preshared-key> </encryption-profile> </security> </site-network-access> </site-network-accesses> </site>AnA hitlesskey changekey-change mechanism may be added through augmentation. Otherkey management methodologykey-management methodologies may be added through augmentation. A "pki"empty containercontainer, which is empty, has been created to help with support of PKI through augmentation. 6.10. Management The model proposes three types of common management options: o provider-managed:theThe CE router is managed only by the provider. In this model, the responsibility boundary between the SP and the customer is between the CE and the customer network. o customer-managed:theThe CE router is managed only by the customer. In this model, the responsibility boundary between the SP and the customer is between the PE and the CE. o co-managed:theThe CE router isprimarlyprimarily managed by theprovider andprovider; inadditionaddition, the SPlets customer accessingallows customers to access the CE forsomeconfiguration/monitoringpurpose.purposes. In the co-managedmodemode, the responsibility boundary is the same as the responsibility boundary for the provider-managed model. Based on the management model, different security options MAY be derived. Incase of "co-managed",the co-managed case, the model proposes some options to define the management address family (IPv4 or IPv6) and the associated management address. 6.11. Routingprotocols Routing-protocolProtocols "routing-protocol" defines which routing protocol must be activated between the provider and the customer router. The current modelsupports:supports the following settings: bgp, rip, ospf, static, direct, and vrrp. The routing protocol defined applies at theprovider to customerprovider-to-customer boundary. Depending on how the managementof the management model,model is administered, it may apply to the PE-CE boundary orCE to customerthe CE-to-customer boundary. In the case of acustomer managedcustomer-managed site, therouting-protocolrouting protocol defined will be activated between the PE and the CE router managed by the customer. In the case of aprovider managedprovider-managed site, therouting-protocolrouting protocol defined will be activated between the CE managed by the SP and the router or LAN belonging to the customer. In this case,it is expected thatwe expect thePE- CEPE-CE routingwillto be configured based on theservice provider rulesSP's rules, as both are managed by the same entity. Rtg protocol 192.0.2.0/24 ----- CE ----------------- PE1Customer managedCustomer-managed site Rtg protocol Customer router ----- CE ----------------- PE1Provider managedProvider-managed site All the examples below will refer to acustomerscenario for a customer- managedsite case.site. 6.11.1. Handling of Dualstack handlingStack All routing protocol types support dual stack by usingaddress-familythe "address-family" leaf-list. Example ofDualdual stack using the same routing protocol: <routing-protocols> <routing-protocol> <type>static</type> <static> <address-family>ipv4</address-family> <address-family>ipv6</address-family> </static> </routing-protocol> </routing-protocols> Example ofDualdual stack using two different routing protocols: <routing-protocols> <routing-protocol> <type>rip</type> <rip> <address-family>ipv4</address-family> </rip> </routing-protocol> <routing-protocol> <type>ospf</type> <ospf> <address-family>ipv6</address-family> </ospf> </routing-protocol> </routing-protocols> 6.11.2.DirectLANconnection ontoDirectly Connected to SPnetwork Routing-protocolNetwork The routing protocol type "direct" SHOULD be used when a customer LAN is directly connected to the provider network and must be advertised in theIPVPN.IP VPN. LAN attached directly to provider network: 192.0.2.0/24 ----- PE1 In this case, the customer has a default route to the PE address. 6.11.3.DirectLANconnection ontoDirectly Connected to SPnetworkNetwork withredundancy Routing-protocolRedundancy The routing protocol type "vrrp" SHOULD be used and advertised in the IP VPN whenao the customer LAN is directly connected to the providernetwork and must be advertised in the IPVPNnetwork, and o LAN redundancy is expected. LAN attached directly to provider network with LAN redundancy: 192.0.2.0/24 ------ PE1 | +--- PE2 In this case, the customer has a default route to theservice providerSP network. 6.11.4. Static Routing The routingRouting-protocolprotocol type "static" MAY be used when a customer LAN is connected to the provider network through a CE router and must be advertised in theIPVPN.IP VPN. In this case, the static routes give next hops (nh) to the CE and to the PE. The customer has a default route to the SP network. Static rtg 192.0.2.0/24 ------ CE -------------- PE | | | Static route 192.0.2.0/24 nh CE Static route 0.0.0.0/0 nh PEIn this case, the customer has a default route to the service provider network.6.11.5. RIP Routing The routingRouting-protocolprotocol type "rip" MAY be used when a customer LAN is connected to the provider network through a CE router and must be advertised in theIPVPN.IP VPN. For IPv4, the model assumesusage ofthat RIP version2.2 is used. In the case ofdual stackdual-stack routing requested through this model, the management system will be responsibleto configure ripfor configuring RIP (includingrightthe correct version number) and associatedaddress-familiesaddress families on network elements. RIP rtg 192.0.2.0/24 ------ CE -------------- PE 6.11.6. OSPF Routing The routingRouting-protocolprotocol type "ospf" MAY be used when a customer LAN is connected to the provider network through a CE router and must be advertised in theIPVPN.IP VPN. It can be used to extend an existing OSPF network and interconnect different areas. See [RFC4577] for more details. +---------------------+ | | OSPF | | OSPF area 1 | | area 2 (OSPF | | (OSPF area 1) --- CE ---------- PE PE ----- CE --- area 2) | | +---------------------+ The model also proposes an option to create an OSPFsham-linksham link between two sites sharing the same area and having a backdoor link. Thesham-linksham link is created by referencing the target site sharing the same OSPF area. The management system will be responsible for checking tochecksee if there is already ashamlinksham link configured for this VPN and area between the same pair of PEs. If there is no existingshamlink,sham link, the management system will provisionit.one. Thisshamlinksham link MAY be reused by other sites. +------------------------+ | | | | | PE(--shamlink--)PE(--sham link--)PE | | | | | +----|----------------|--+ | OSPFarea1area 1 | OSPF area 1 | | CE1 CE2 | | (OSPFarea1)area 1) (OSPFarea1)area 1) | | +----------------+ RegardingDual stackdual-stack support, the user MAY specify both IPv4 and IPv6 address families, if both protocols should be routed through OSPF. As OSPF uses separate protocol instances for IPv4 and IPv6, the management system will need to configure bothospfOSPF version 2 and OSPF version 3 on the PE-CE link. Example of OSPF routing parameters in the servicemodel.model: <routing-protocols> <routing-protocol> <type>ospf</type> <ospf> <area-address>0.0.0.1</area-address> <address-family>ipv4</address-family> <address-family>ipv6</address-family> </ospf> </routing-protocol> </routing-protocols> Example of PE configuration done by the management system: router ospf 10 area 0.0.0.1 interface Ethernet0/0 ! router ospfv3 10 area 0.0.0.1 interface Ethernet0/0 ! 6.11.7. BGP Routing The routingRouting-protocolprotocol type "bgp" MAY be used when a customer LAN is connected to the provider network through a CE router and must be advertised in theIPVPN.IP VPN. BGP rtg 192.0.2.0/24 ------ CE -------------- PE The session addressing will be derived from connection parameters as well asinternalthe SP's knowledge ofSP.the addressing plan that is in use. In the case ofdual stackdual-stack access, the user MAY request BGP routing for both IPv4 and IPv6 by specifying bothaddress-families.address families. It will be up to the SP and management system to determine how to decline the configuration (two BGP sessions, single,multisession ...).multi-session, etc.). The service configuration below activates BGP on the PE-CE link for both IPv4 and IPv6. BGP activation requires the SP to know the address of the customer peer. The "static-address" allocation type for the IP connection MUST be used. <routing-protocols> <routing-protocol> <type>bgp</type> <bgp> <autonomous-system>65000</autonomous-system> <address-family>ipv4</address-family> <address-family>ipv6</address-family><bgp></bgp> </routing-protocol> </routing-protocols>This service configuration can be derived byDepending on the SP flavor, a management system can divide this service configuration intomultiple flavors depending on SP flavor.different flavors, as shown by the following examples. Example#1of PE configuration done by the management system (singlesessionIPv4 transport session): router bgp 100 neighbor 203.0.113.2 remote-as 65000 address-family ipv4 vrf Cust1 neighbor 203.0.113.2 activate address-family ipv6 vrf Cust1 neighbor 203.0.113.2 activate neighbor 203.0.113.2 route-map SET-NH-IPV6 out Example#2of PE configuration done by the management system (two sessions): router bgp 100 neighbor 203.0.113.2 remote-as 65000 neighbor 2001::2 remote-as 65000 address-family ipv4 vrf Cust1 neighbor 203.0.113.2 activate address-family ipv6 vrf Cust1 neighbor 2001::2 activate Example#3of PE configuration done by the management system(multisession):(multi-session): router bgp 100 neighbor 203.0.113.2 remote-as 65000 neighbor 203.0.113.2 multisession per-af address-family ipv4 vrf Cust1 neighbor 203.0.113.2 activate address-family ipv6 vrf Cust1 neighbor 203.0.113.2 activate neighbor 203.0.113.2 route-map SET-NH-IPV6 out 6.12. Service The service defines service parameters associated with the site. 6.12.1. Bandwidth The service bandwidth refers to the bandwidth requirement between the PE and the CE (WAN link bandwidth). The requested bandwidth is expressed as svc-input-bandwidth and svc-output-bandwidth in bits perseconds. Input/outputsecond. The input/output directionis usinguses the customer site as a reference:input bandwidth"input bandwidth" means download bandwidth for the site, andoutput bandwidth"output bandwidth" means upload bandwidth for the site. The service bandwidth is only configurable at the site-network-access level. Using a different input and output bandwidth will allowservice providerthe SP toknowdetermine if the customer allows for asymmetric bandwidthaccess likeaccess, such as ADSL. It can also be used to setrate-limitrate-limiting in a different wayuploadfor uploading anddownloaddownloading on a symmetric bandwidth access. The bandwidth is a servicebandwidth:bandwidth expressed primarily as IPbandwidthbandwidth, but if the customer enables MPLS forcarrier's carrier,Carriers' Carriers (CsC), this becomes MPLS bandwidth. 6.12.2. QoS The model proposes to define QoS parameters in an abstracted way: o qos-classification-policy:definepolicy that defines a set of ordered rules to classify customer traffic. o qos-profile: QoS scheduling profile to be applied. 6.12.2.1. QoSclassificationClassification QoS classification rules are handled byqos-classification-policy.the "qos-classification-policy" container. The qos-classification-policy container is an ordered list of rules that match a flow or application and set the appropriate target class of service (target-class-id). The user can define the match using an application reference or amore specificflow definition(based layerthat is more specific (e.g., based on Layer 3 source and destinationaddress, layeraddresses, Layer 4 ports,layerand Layer 4 protocol). When a flow definition is used, the user canuseemploy atarget-sites leaf- list"target-sites" leaf-list to identify the destination of a flow rather than using destination IP addresses. In such a case, an association between the site abstraction and the IP addresses used by this site must be done dynamically. How this association is done is out of scopeoffor thisdocument anddocument; an implementationmaymight not support this criterion and should advertise a deviation in this case. A rule that does not have a match statement is consideredasa match-all rule.A service providerAn SP may implement a default terminal classification rule if the customer does not provide it. It will be up to theservice providerSP to determine its default target class. The current model defines someapplicationsapplications, but new application identities may be added through augmentation. The exact meaning of each application identity is up to theservice provider,SP, so it will be necessary for theservice providerSP to advise the customer on the usage of application matching. Where the classification is done depends on theSPSP's implementation of the service, but classification concerns the flow coming from the customer site and entering the network. Provider network +-----------------------+ 192.0.2.0/24 198.51.100.0/24 ---- CE --------- PE Traffic flow ----------> In the figure above, the management system should implement the classification rule: o in the ingress direction on the PE interface, if the CE iscustomer managed.customer-managed. o in the ingress direction on the CE interface connected to the customer LAN, if the CE isprovider managed.provider-managed. The figure below describes a sample service description ofqos-QoS classification for asite :site: <service> <qos> <qos-classification-policy> <rule> <id>1</id> <match-flow> <ipv4-src-prefix>192.0.2.0/24</ipv4-src-prefix> <ipv4-dst-prefix>203.0.113.1/32</ipv4-dst-prefix> <l4-dst-port>80</l4-dst-port> <l4-protocol>tcp</l4-protocol> </match-flow> <target-class-id>DATA2</target-class-id> </rule> <rule> <id>2</id> <match-flow> <ipv4-src-prefix>192.0.2.0/24</ipv4-src-prefix> <ipv4-dst-prefix>203.0.113.1/32</ipv4-dst-prefix> <l4-dst-port>21</l4-dst-port> <l4-protocol>tcp</l4-protocol> </match-flow> <target-class-id>DATA2</target-class-id> </rule> <rule> <id>3</id> <match-application>p2p</match-application> <target-class-id>DATA3</target-class-id> </rule> <rule> <id>4</id> <target-class-id>DATA1</target-class-id> </rule> </qos-classification-policy> </qos> </service> In the example above: o HTTP traffic from the 192.0.2.0/24 LANdestinated todestined for 203.0.113.1/32 will be classified in DATA2. o FTP traffic from the 192.0.2.0/24 LANdestinated todestined for 203.0.113.1/32 will be classified in DATA2. oPeer to peerPeer-to-peer traffic will be classified in DATA3. o All other traffic will be classified in DATA1. The order of rules isreallyvery important. The management system responsible for translating those rules in network element configuration MUST keep the same processing order in network element configuration. The order ofrulerules is defined by the "id" leaf. The lowest"id"id MUST be processed first. 6.12.2.2. QoSprofile UserProfile The user can choosebetweeneither a standard profile provided by the operator or a custom profile. Theqos-profile"qos-profile" container defines thetraffic schedulingtraffic-scheduling policy to be used by theservice provider.SP. Provider network +-----------------------+ 192.0.2.0/24 198.51.100.0/24 ---- CE --------- PE \ / qos-profile In the case ofprovider manageda provider-managed or co-managed connection, the provider should ensure scheduling according to the requested policy in both traffic directions (SP to customer and customer to SP). Asexample of implementation,an example, adevice schedulingdevice-scheduling policy may be implemented on bothatthe PE side and the CE sideonof the WAN link. In the case ofcustomera customer- managed connection, the provider is only responsibleto ensurefor ensuring scheduling from the SP network to the customer site. Asexample of implementation,an example, adevice schedulingdevice-scheduling policy may be implemented onlyaton the PE sideonof the WAN link towards the customer. A customqos-profileQoS profile is defined as a list ofclassclasses of services and associated properties. The properties are: o rate-limit: used to rate-limit the class of service. The value is expressed as a percentage of the global service bandwidth. When the qos-profile container is implementedat CE sideon the CE side, svc-output-bandwidth is taken into account as a reference. When it is implementedaton the PE side,thesvc-input-bandwidth is used. o latency: used to define the latency constraint of the class. The latency constraint can be expressed as the lowest possible latency or a latency boundary expressed in milliseconds. How this latency constraint will be fulfilled is up to theservice provider implementation:SP's implementation of the service: a strict priorityqueueingqueuing may be used on the access and in the core network, and/or alow latencylow-latency routing configuration may be created for this traffic class. o jitter: used to define the jitter constraint of the class. The jitter constraint can be expressed as the lowest possible jitter or a jitter boundary expressed in microseconds. How this jitter constraint will be fulfilled is up to theservice provider implementation:SP's implementation of the service: a strict priorityqueueingqueuing may be used on the access and in the core network, and/or a jitter-aware routing configuration may be created for this traffic class. o bandwidth: used to define a guaranteed amount of bandwidth for the class of service. It is expressed as a percentage. Theguaranteed-bw-percent"guaranteed-bw-percent" parameter uses available bandwidth as a reference. When the qos-profile container is implementedat CE sideon thesvc-output- bandwidthCE side, svc-output-bandwidth is taken into account as a reference. When it is implementedaton the PE side,thesvc-input-bandwidth is used. By default, the bandwidth reservation is only guaranteed at the access level. The user can use the "end-to-end" leaf to request an end-to-end bandwidthreservationreservation, including across the MPLS transport network. (In other words, the SP will activate something in the MPLS core to ensure that the bandwidth request from the customer will be fulfilled by the MPLS core as well.) How this is done (e.g., RSVP reservation, controller reservation) is out of scope for this document. Some constraints may not be offered bya service provider,an SP; in thiscasecase, a deviation should be advertised. In addition, due tothenetwork conditions, some constraints may not be completely fulfilled by theservice provider,SP; in this case, theservice providerSP should advise the customer about the limitations. How this communication is done is out of scopeoffor this document. Example of service configuration using a standardqosQoS profile: <site-network-access> <site-network-access-id>1245HRTFGJGJ154654</site-network-access-id> <service> <svc-input-bandwidth>100000000</svc-input-bandwidth> <svc-output-bandwidth>100000000</svc-output-bandwidth> <qos> <qos-profile> <profile>PLATINUM</profile> </qos-profile> </qos> </service> </site-network-access> <site-network-access> <site-network-access-id>555555AAAA2344</site-network-access-id> <service> <svc-input-bandwidth>2000000</svc-input-bandwidth> <svc-output-bandwidth>2000000</svc-output-bandwidth> <qos> <qos-profile> <profile>GOLD</profile> </qos-profile> </qos> </service> </site-network-access> Example of service configuration using a customqosQoS profile: <site-network-access> <site-network-access-id>Site1</site-network-access-id> <service> <svc-input-bandwidth>100000000</svc-input-bandwidth> <svc-output-bandwidth>100000000</svc-output-bandwidth> <qos> <qos-profile> <classes> <class> <class-id>REAL_TIME</class-id> <rate-limit>10</rate-limit> <latency> <use-lowest-latency/> </latency> </class> <class> <class-id>DATA1</class-id> <latency> <latency-boundary>70</latency-boundary> </latency> <bandwidth><guaranteed-bw-percent> 80 </guaranteed-bw-percent><guaranteed-bw-percent>80</guaranteed-bw-percent> </bandwidth> </class> <class> <class-id>DATA2</class-id> <latency> <latency-boundary>200</latency-boundary> </latency> <bandwidth><guaranteed-bw-percent> 5 </guaranteed-bw-percent><guaranteed-bw-percent>5</guaranteed-bw-percent> <end-to-end/> </bandwidth> </class> </classes> </qos-profile> </qos> </service> </site-network-access> The customqos-profileQoS profile forsite1Site1 defines a REAL_TIME class with a latency constraint expressed as the lowest possiblelatency constraint.latency. Itdefinesalso defines two data classes -- DATA1 and DATA2. The two classes express a latency boundary constraint as well as a bandwidthreservation. Asreservation, as the REAL_TIME class is rate-limited to 10% of the service bandwidth (10% of100Mbps100 Mbps =10Mbps).10 Mbps). Incase of congestion,cases where congestion occurs, the REAL_TIME traffic can go up to10Mbps10 Mbps (let's assume that only5Mbps5 Mbps are consumed). DATA1 and DATA2 will share the remaining bandwidth(95Mbps)(95 Mbps) according to their percentage.SoSo, the DATA1 class will be served with at least76Mbps76 Mbps ofbandwidthbandwidth, while the DATA2 class will be served with at least4.75Mbps.4.75 Mbps. The latency boundary information of the data class may help theservice provider toSP define a specific buffer tuning or a specific routing within the network. The maximum percentage to be used is not limited by this model but MUST be limited by the management system according to the policies authorized by theservice provider.SP. 6.12.3. Multicast Themulticast section"multicast" container defines the type of site in the customer multicast service topology: source, receiver, or both. These parameters will help the management systemtooptimize the multicast service.UserUsers can also define the type of multicastrelationrelationship with the customer: router (requires a protocollikesuch as PIM), host (IGMP or MLD), or both.AddressAn address family(IPv4 or IPv6(IPv4, IPv6, or both) can also be defined. 6.13. Enhanced VPNfeaturesFeatures 6.13.1.Carrier's CarrierCarriers' Carriers In the case ofCarrier's Carrier ([RFC4364]),CsC [RFC4364], a customer may want to build an MPLS service using anIPVPNIP VPN to carry its traffic. LAN customer1 | | CE1 | | ------------- (vrf_cust1) CE1_ISP1 | ISP1PoPPOP | MPLS link | ------------- | (vrf ISP1) PE1 (...) Provider backbone PE2 (vrf ISP1) | | ------------ | | MPLS link | ISP1PoPPOP CE2_ISP1 (vrf_cust1)|-------------| ------------ | CE2 |LanLAN customer1 In the figure above, ISP1 resellsIPVPNan IP VPN service but has no core network infrastructure between itsPoPs.POPs. ISP1 uses anIPVPNIP VPN as the core network infrastructure (belonging to another provider) between itsPoPs.POPs. In order to support CsC, the VPN service mustbe declaredindicate MPLS supportusingby setting the "carrierscarrier" leafsetto true invpn-service.the vpn-service list. The link between CE1_ISP1/PE1 and CE2_ISP1/PE2 must also run an MPLS signalling protocol. This configuration is done at the site level. In the proposed model, LDP or BGP can be used as the MPLS signalling protocol. In the case of LDP, an IGP routing protocol MUST also be activated. In the case of BGP signalling, BGP MUST also be configured asrouting-protocol. In case Carrier's Carrierthe routing protocol. If CsC is enabled, the requestedsvc-mtu"svc-mtu" leaf will refer to the MPLS MTU and not to the IP MTU. 6.14. External IDreferencesReferences The service model sometimes refers to external information through identifiers. As an example, to order a cloud-access to a particularCloud Service Providercloud service provider (CSP), the model uses an identifier to refer to the targeted CSP.In case,If a customer isusingdirectly using this service model as an API (through REST orNETCONFNETCONF, for example) to order a particular service, theservice providerSP should provide a list of authorized identifiers. In the case of cloud-access, theservice providerSP will provide theidentifiersassociatedofidentifiers for each available CSP. The same applies to otheridentifiers likeidentifiers, such as std-qos-profile,oamOAM profile-name, and provider-profile forencryption ...encryption. How an SP provides the meanings of those identifiersmeaningto the customer is out of scopeoffor this document. 6.15. Defining NNIs An autonomous system (AS) is a single network or group of networks that is controlled by a common system administration group and that uses a single, clearly defined routing protocol. In some cases, VPNs need to spanacrossdifferentautonomous systemsASes in different geographic areas oracrossspan differentservice providers.SPs. The connection betweenautonomous systemsASes is established by theService ProvidersSPs and is seamless to the customer.Some examples are: PartnershipExamples include o a partnership betweenservice providers (carrier, cloud ...)SPs (e.g., carrier, cloud) to extend their VPN serviceseamlessly, orseamlessly. o an internal administrative boundary within a singleservice provider (Backhaul vs Core vs Datacenter ...).SP (e.g., backhaul versus core versus data center). NNIs(Network to Network Interfaces)(network-to-network interfaces) have to be defined to extend the VPNs across multipleautonomous systems.ASes. [RFC4364] defines multiple flavors of VPN NNI implementations. Each implementation hasdifferent pros/cons that arepros and cons; this topic is outside the scope of this document.As an example: InFor example, in an Inter-ASOptionoption A,ASBRautonomous system border router (ASBR) peers are connected by multiple interfaces with at least oneinterface which VPN spansof those interfaces spanning the twoautonomous systems. TheseASes while being present in the same VPN. In order for these ASBRs to signal unlabeled IP prefixes, they associate each interface with a VPN routing and forwarding (VRF) instance and a Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)session to signal unlabeled IP prefixes.session. As a result, traffic between the back-to-back VRFs is IP. In this scenario, the VPNs are isolated from each other, and because the traffic is IP, QoS mechanisms that operate on IP traffic can be applied to achieve customerService Level Agreementsservice level agreements (SLAs). -------- ------------------------------ / \ / \ / \ | Cloud | | | | | | Provider| ----NNI---- | | ---NNI---| DC|-----NNI-----| |----NNI---| Data Center | | #1 | | | | | \ / | | \ / -------- | |--------------- | | -------- | My network | ----------- / \ | | / \ | Cloud | | | | | | Provider| ----NNI---- ||-----NNI-----| |---NNI---| L3VPN | | #2 | | | | Partner | \ / | | | | -------- | | | | \ / | | -------------- \ / |--------------------- | NNI | | ------------------- / \ | | | | | | | L3VPNpartnerPartner | | | \ /------------------------------------- The figure above describesa service provideran SP network called "My network" that has several NNIs. This network usesNNINNIs to: o increase its footprint by relying on L3VPN partners. o connect its owndatacenterdata center services to the customerIPVPN.IP VPN. o enable the customer to accesstoits private resources located in a private cloud owned by somecloud service providers.CSPs. 6.15.1. Defining an NNI withoptionthe Option AflavorFlavor AS A AS B--------------------- --------------------------------------- ------------------- / \ / \ | | | | | ++++++++InterASInter-AS link ++++++++ | | ++_____________ ++_______________+ + | | +(VRF1)--(VPN1)----(VRF1)(VRF1)---(VPN1)----(VRF1) + | | + ASBR + + ASBR + | | +(VRF2)--(VPN2)----(VRF2)(VRF2)---(VPN2)----(VRF2) + | | ++______________++_______________+ + | | ++++++++ ++++++++ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ++++++++InterASInter-AS link ++++++++ | | ++_____________ ++_______________+ + | | +(VRF1)--(VPN1)----(VRF1)(VRF1)---(VPN1)----(VRF1) + | | + ASBR + + ASBR + | | +(VRF2)--(VPN2)----(VRF2)(VRF2)---(VPN2)----(VRF2) + | | ++______________++_______________+ + | | ++++++++ ++++++++ | | | | | | | | | \ / \ /--------------------------------------- ------------------- In option A, the two ASes are connectedbetweento each other with physical links onAutonomous System Border Routers (ASBR). ThereASBRs. For resiliency purposes, there may be multiple physical connections between theASes for a resiliency purpose.ASes. A VPNconnection,connection -- physical or logical (on top ofphysical),physical) -- is created for each VPN that needs to cross the ASboundary. A back- to-backboundary, thus providing a back-to-back VRFmodel is so created. Thismodel. From a service model's perspective, this VPN connection can be seen as asite from a service model perspective.site. Let's say that AS B wants to extend some VPNconnectionconnections for VPN C on AS A.AdministratorThe administrator of AS B can use this service model to order a site on AS A. All connection scenarios could be realized using the features of the currentmodel features.model. As an example, the figureabove, whereabove shows two physical connectionsare involved withthat have logical connections per VPN overlaid ontop,them. This could be seen as adualhomeddual-homed subVPN scenario.And for example,Also, the administratorfromof AS B will be able to choose the appropriate routing protocol(e.g. ebgp)(e.g., E-BGP) to dynamically exchange routes between ASes. This document assumes that the option A NNI flavor SHOULD reuse the existing VPN site modeling. Example: a customer wantsfromitscloud service providerCSP A to attach its virtual network N to an existingIPVPNIP VPN (VPN1) that he has fromaL3VPNservice providerSP B. CSP A L3VPN SP B -------------------------------------------------------- / \ / \ | | | | | | VM --| ++++++++ NNI ++++++++|----|--- VPN1 | | + +_________+ + | Site#1 | |--------(VRF1)---(VPN1)--(VRF1)+ | | | + ASBR + + ASBR + | | | + +_________+ + | | | ++++++++ ++++++++ | | VM --| | ||----|--- VPN1 | |Virtual | | | Site#2 | |Network | | | | VM --| | ||----|--- VPN1 | | | | | Site#3 \ / \ /--------------------------------- ------------------- | | VPN1 Site#4The cloud service providerTo create the VPN connectivity, the CSP or the customer may useourthe L3VPN service modelexposed by service providerthat SP Bto create the VPN connectivity.exposes. We could consider that, as the NNI is shared, the physical connection (bearer) between CSP A and SP B already exists. CSP A may request through a service model the creation of a new sitecreationwith a singlesite- network-access (single homingsite-network-access (single-homing is used in thediagram).figure). As a placement constraint, CSP A may use the existing bearer reference it has from SP A to force the placement of the VPN NNI on the existing link. The XML belowdescribes what could be theillustrates a possible configuration request to SP B: <site> <site-id>CSP_A_attachment</site-id> <location> <city>NY</city> <country-code>US</country-code> </location> <site-vpn-flavor>site-vpn-flavor-nni</site-vpn-flavor> <routing-protocols> <routing-protocol> <type>bgp</type> <bgp> <autonomous-system>500</autonomous-system> <address-family>ipv4</address-family> </bgp> </routing-protocol> </routing-protocols> <site-network-accesses> <site-network-access> <site-network-access-id>CSP_A_VN1</site-network-access-id> <ip-connection> <ipv4> <address-allocation-type> static-address </address-allocation-type> <addresses> <provider-address>203.0.113.1</provider-address> <customer-address>203.0.113.2</customer-address> <mask>30</mask> </addresses> </ipv4> </ip-connection> <service> <svc-input-bandwidth>450000000</svc-input-bandwidth> <svc-output-bandwidth>450000000</svc-output-bandwidth> </service> <vpn-attachment> <vpn-id>VPN1</vpn-id> <site-role>any-to-any-role</site-role> </vpn-attachment> </site-network-access> </site-network-accesses> <management> <type>customer-managed</type> </management> </site> The case described above is different from a scenario using thecloud-access container usagecloud-accesses container, as the cloud-access provides a public cloud access while this example enables access to private resources located in acloud service providerCSP network. 6.15.2. Defining an NNI withoptionthe Option BflavorFlavor AS A AS B--------------------- --------------------------------------- ------------------- / \ / \ | | | | | ++++++++InterASInter-AS link ++++++++ | | ++_____________ ++_______________+ + | | + + + + | | + ASBR+<---mpebgp--->++<---MP-BGP---->+ ASBR + | | + + + + | | ++______________++_______________+ + | | ++++++++ ++++++++ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ++++++++InterASInter-AS link ++++++++ | | ++_____________ ++_______________+ + | | + + + + | | + ASBR+<---mpebgp--->++<---MP-BGP---->+ ASBR + | | + + + + | | ++______________++_______________+ + | | ++++++++ ++++++++ | | | | | | | | | \ / \ /--------------------------------------- ------------------- In option B, the two ASes are connectedbetweento each other with physical links onAutonomous System Border Routers (ASBR). ThereASBRs. For resiliency purposes, there may be multiple physical connections between theASes for a resiliency purpose.ASes. The VPN "connection" between ASes is done by exchanging VPN routes throughMP-BGP.MP-BGP [RFC4760]. There are multiple flavors of implementations of suchNNI, foran NNI. For example: 1. The NNI isa providerinternalNNIto the provider and is situated between a backbone and aDC.data center. There is enough trust between the domains to not filter the VPN routes.SoSo, all the VPN routes are exchanged.Route targetRT filtering may be implemented to save some unnecessary route states. 2. The NNI is used between providers that agreed to exchange VPN routes for specificroute-targetsRTs only. Each provider is authorized to use theroute-targetRT values from the other provider. 3. The NNI is used between providers that agreed to exchange VPN routes for specificroute-targetsRTs only. Each provider has its ownroute-targetRT scheme.SoSo, a customer spanning the two networks will have differentroute-targetRTs in each network for a particular VPN. Case 1 does not require any service modeling, as the protocol enables the dynamic exchange of necessary VPN routes. Case 2 requiresto maintain some route-target filteringthat an RT-filtering policy onASBRs.ASBRs be maintained. From a service modeling point of view, it is necessary to agree on the list ofroute targetRTs to authorize. IncaseCase 3, both ASes need to agree on the VPNroute-targetRT toexchange and in additionexchange, as well as how to map a VPNroute-targetRT from AS A to the correspondingroute-targetRT in AS B (andvice-versa).vice versa). Those modelings are currently out of scopeoffor this document.Cloud SPCSP A L3VPN SP BA------------------------------------------------------- / \ / \ | | | | | | VM --| ++++++++ NNI ++++++++|----|--- VPN1 | | ++_________++__________+ + | Site#1 | |-------+ + + + | | | + ASBR+<-mpebgp->++<-MP-BGP->+ ASBR + | | | ++_________++__________+ + | | | ++++++++ ++++++++ | | VM --| | ||----|--- VPN1 | |Virtual | | | Site#2 | |Network | | | | VM --| | ||----|--- VPN1 | | | | | Site#3 \ / | |--------------------------------- | | \ /------------------------------------- | | VPN1 Site#4 The example above describes an NNI connection betweenthe service provider network BCSP A anda cloud service provider A.SP network B. Bothservice providersSPs do not trust themselves and use a differentroute-targetRT allocation policy. So, intermterms of implementation, the customer VPN has a differentroute-targetRT in each network (RT A in CSP A and RT Bis CSPin SP network B). In order to connect the customer virtual network in CSP A to the customerIPVPNIP VPN (VPN1) in SPB network,network B, CSP A should request that SP network Btoopen the customer VPN on the NNI (accept the appropriate RT). Who does the RT translationis up to andepends on the agreement between the twoservice providers:SPs: SP B may permit CSP A to request VPN (RT) translation. 6.15.3. Defining an NNI withoptionthe Option CflavorFlavor AS A AS B--------------------- --------------------------------------- ------------------- / \ / \ | | | | | | | | | | | | | ++++++++ Multihopebgp++++++++E-BGP ++++++++ | | + + + + | | + + + + | | + RGW+<---mpebgp--->++<----MP-BGP---->+ RGW + | | + + + + | | + + + + | | ++++++++ ++++++++ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ++++++++InterASInter-AS link ++++++++ | | ++_____________ ++_______________+ + | | + + + + | | + ASBR + + ASBR + | | + + + + | | ++______________++_______________+ + | | ++++++++ ++++++++ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ++++++++InterASInter-AS link ++++++++ | | ++_____________ ++_______________+ + | | + + + + | | + ASBR + + ASBR + | | + + + + | | ++______________++_______________+ + | | ++++++++ ++++++++ | | | | | | | | | \ / \ /--------------------------------------- ------------------- From a VPNserviceservice's perspective, the option C NNI is very similar to optionBB, as an MP-BGP session is used to exchange VPN routes between the ASes. The difference is that the forwarding plane and the control plane are on different nodes, so the MP-BGP session is multihop between routing gateway (RGW) nodes.Modeling optionFrom a VPN service's point of view, modeling options B and C will beidentical from a VPN service point of view.identical. 7. Servicemodel usage exampleModel Usage Example As explained in Section 5, this service model is intended to be instantiated at a management layer and is not intended to be used directly on network elements. The management system serves as a central point of configuration of the overall service. This section provides an exampleonof how a management system can use this model to configure anIPVPNIP VPN service on network elements.The example wantsIn this example, we want to achieve theprovisionningprovisioning of a VPN service for3three sites usingHub and Spokea Hub-and-Spoke VPN service topology. One of the sites will bedual homeddual-homed, andloadsharingload-sharing is expected. +-------------------------------------------------------------+ | Hub_Site ------ PE1 PE2 ------ Spoke_Site1 | | | +----------------------------------+ | | | | | +----------------------------------+ | Hub_Site ------ PE3 PE4 ------ Spoke_Site2 | +-------------------------------------------------------------+ The following XML describes the overall simplified service configuration of this VPN. <vpn-service> <vpn-id>12456487</vpn-id> <vpn-service-topology>hub-spoke</vpn-service-topology> </vpn-service> When receiving the request for provisioning the VPN service, the management system will internally (or through communication with another OSS component)allocatesallocate VPNroute-targets.RTs. In this specificcasecase, two RTs will be allocated (100:1 for Hub and 100:2 for Spoke). The output below describes the configuration ofSpoke1.Spoke_Site1. <site> <site-id>Spoke_Site1</site-id> <location> <city>NY</city> <country-code>US</country-code> </location> <routing-protocols> <routing-protocol> <type>bgp</type> <bgp> <autonomous-system>500</autonomous-system> <address-family>ipv4</address-family> <address-family>ipv6</address-family> </bgp> </routing-protocol> </routing-protocols> <site-network-accesses> <site-network-access> <site-network-access-id>Spoke_Site1</site-network-access-id> <access-diversity> <groups> <group> <group-id>20</group-id> </group> </groups> <constraints> <constraint> <constraint-type>pe-diverse</constraint-type> <target> <group> <group-id>10</group-id> </group> </target> </constraint> </constraints> </access-diversity> <ip-connection> <ipv4> <address-allocation-type> static-address </address-allocation-type> <addresses> <provider-address>203.0.113.254</provider-address> <customer-address>203.0.113.2</customer-address> <mask>24</mask> </addresses> </ipv4> <ipv6> <address-allocation-type> static-address </address-allocation-type> <addresses> <provider-address>2001:db8::1</provider-address> <customer-address>2001:db8::2</customer-address> <mask>64</mask> </addresses> </ipv6> </ip-connection> <service> <svc-input-bandwidth>450000000</svc-input-bandwidth> <svc-output-bandwidth>450000000</svc-output-bandwidth> </service> <vpn-attachment> <vpn-id>12456487</vpn-id> <site-role>spoke-role</site-role> </vpn-attachment> </site-network-access> </site-network-accesses> <management> <type>provider-managed</type> </management> </site> When receiving the request for provisioningSpoke1 site,Spoke_Site1, the management system MUST allocate network resources for this site. It MUST first determine the target network elements to provision the access,and especiallyparticularly the PE router (andmay beperhaps also an aggregation switch). As described in Section 6.6, the management system SHOULD use the location information and SHOULD use the access-diversity constraint to find the appropriate PE. In this case, we considerSpoke1that Spoke_Site1 requires PE diversity with the Hub and that the management systemallocateallocates PEs based onlowestthe least distance. Based on the location information, the management system finds the available PEs in thenearestareaofnearest the customer and picks one that fits theaccess- diversityaccess-diversity constraint. When the PE is chosen, the management system needs to allocate interface resources on the node. One interface is selected from thePEpool of availablepool.PEs. The management system can start provisioning the chosen PE nodeby using any mean (Netconf, CLI, ...).via whatever means the management system prefers (e.g., NETCONF, CLI). The management system will check to see if a VRFis already presentthat fitsthe needs.its needs is already present. If not, it will provision the VRF:Route distinguisherthe RD willcomebe derived from the internal allocation policy model,route-targets are comingand the RTs will be derived from thevpn-policyVPN policy configuration of the site(management(the management system allocated some RTs for the VPN). As the site is a Spoke site (site-role), the management system knows whichRTRTs must be imported and exported. As the site isprovider managed,provider-managed, some managementroute-targetsRTs may also be added (100:5000). Standard provider VPN policies MAY also be added in the configuration. Example of generated PE configuration: ip vrf Customer1 export-map STD-CUSTOMER-EXPORT <---- Standard SP configuration route-distinguisher 100:3123234324 route-target import 100:1 route-target import 100:5000 <---- Standard SP configuration route-target export 100:2 forprovider managedprovider-managed CE ! When the VRF has been provisioned, the management system can start configuring the access on the PE using the allocated interface information. IP addressing is chosen by the management system. One address will be picked from an allocated subnet for the PE, and another will be used for the CE configuration. Routing protocols will also be configured between the PE andCE and due to provider managed model, the choiceCE; because this model isupprovider-managed, the choices are left toservice provider:the SP. BGP was chosen forthethis example. This choice isindependantindependent of the routing protocol chosen bycustomer. FortheCE - LAN part,customer. BGP will be used to configure the CE-to-LAN connection as requested in the service model. Peering addresses will be derived from those of the connection. As the CE isproviderprovider- managed,CEthe CE's AS number can be automatically allocated by the management system.Some provider standardStandard configuration templates provided by the SP may also be added. Example of generated PE configuration: interface Ethernet1/1/0.10 encapsulation dot1q 10 ip vrf forwarding Customer1 ip address 198.51.100.1 255.255.255.252 <---- Comes from automated allocation ipv6 address 2001:db8::10:1/64 ip access-group STD-PROTECT-IN <---- Standard SP config ! router bgp 100 address-family ipv4 vrf Customer1 neighbor 198.51.100.2 remote-as 65000 <---- Comes from automated allocation neighbor 198.51.100.2 route-map STD in <---- Standard SP config neighbor 198.51.100.2 filter-list 10 in <---- Standard SP config ! address-family ipv6 vrf Customer1 neighbor2001:db8::0A10:22001:db8::0a10:2 remote-as 65000 <---- Comes from automated allocation neighbor2001:db8::0A10:22001:db8::0a10:2 route-map STD in <---- Standard SP config neighbor2001:db8::0A10:22001:db8::0a10:2 filter-list 10 in <---- Standard SP config ! ip route vrf Customer1 192.0.2.1 255.255.255.255 198.51.100.2 ! Static route for provider administration of CE ! As the CE router is not reachable at this stage, the management system can produce a complete CE configuration that can be manually uploaded to the nodeby manual operationbefore sending the CE configuration to the customerpremise.premises. The CE configuration will be built in the same way asforthePE.PE would be configured. Based on the CE type (vendor/model) allocated to the customerandas well as the bearer information, the management system knows which interface must be configured on the CE. PE-CE link configuration is expected to be handled automatically using theservice provider OSSSP OSS, as both resources are managed internally.CE to LAN interfaceCE-to-LAN-interface parameterslikesuch as IP addressing are derived from the ip-connection container, taking into account how the management system distributes addresses between the PE and CE within the subnet. This will allowto produceaplug'n'playplug-and-play configuration for theCE.CE to be created. Example of generated CE configuration: interface Loopback10 description "Administration" ip address 192.0.2.1 255.255.255.255 ! interface FastEthernet10 description "WAN" ip address 198.51.100.2 255.255.255.252 <---- Comes from automated allocation ipv6 address2001:db8::0A10:2/642001:db8::0a10:2/64 ! interface FastEthernet11 description "LAN" ip address 203.0.113.254 255.255.255.0 <---- Comes from the ip-connection container ipv6 address 2001:db8::1/64 ! router bgp 65000 address-family ipv4 redistribute static route-map STATIC2BGP <---- Standard SP configuration neighbor 198.51.100.1 remote-as 100 <---- Comes from automated allocation neighbor 203.0.113.2 remote-as 500 <---- Comes from the ip-connection container address-family ipv6 redistribute static route-map STATIC2BGP <---- Standard SP configuration neighbor2001:db8::0A10:12001:db8::0a10:1 remote-as 100 <---- Comes from automated allocation neighbor 2001:db8::2 remote-as 500 <---- Comes from the ip-connection container ! route-map STATIC2BGP permit 10 match tag 10 ! 8. Interaction with Other YANG Modules As expressed in Section 5, this servicemodulemodel is intended to be instantiated in a management system and not directly on network elements.ItThe management system's role will bethe role of the management systemto configure the network elements. The management system may be modular, so the component instantiating the service model (let's call itservice component)"service component") and the component responsible for network element configuration (let's call itconfiguration component)"configuration component") may be different.L3VPN-SVCl3vpn-svc |service modelModel | |+----------------------++---------------------+ | Service component |serviceService datastore+----------------------++---------------------+ | |+----------------------++---------------------+ +----| Config component|-------+|------+ /+----------------------++---------------------+ \ Network / / \ \ Configuration / / \ \ models / / \ \+++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++ +CEACE A + ------- + PE A + + PE B + ----- +CEBCE B + Config+++++++++++++++ +++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++ datastore Site A Site B In the previous sections, we provided someexampleexamples of the translation of service provisioningrequestrequests to router configurationlines as an illustration.lines. In the NETCONF/YANG ecosystem,it will be expectedwe expect NETCONF/YANG to be used between the configuration component and network elements to configure the requestedserviceservices onthesethose elements. In this framework,it isspecifications are expectedfrom standardizationtoalso work onprovide specificconfigurationYANGmodelizationmodeling of service components on network elements. There will be a strongrelationrelationship between the abstracted view provided by this service model and the detailed configuration view that will be provided by specific configuration models for network elements.AuthorsThe authors of this documentare expecting definitionanticipate definitions of YANG models for the network elementsonlisted below. Note that thisnon exhaustivelistof items:is not exhaustive: o VRFdefinitiondefinition, including VPN policy expression. o Physical interface. o IP layer (IPv4, IPv6). o QoS: classification,profiles...profiles, etc. o Routing protocols: support of configuration of all protocols listed in the document, as well as routing policies associated withthesethose protocols. o Multicast VPN. o NetworkAddress Translation. o ...address translation. Example of a VPN site request at the servicelevellevel, using this model: <site> <site-id>Site A</site-id> <site-network-accesses> <site-network-access> <ip-connection> <ipv4> <address-allocation-type> static-address </address-allocation-type> <addresses> <provider-address>203.0.113.254</provider-address> <customer-address>203.0.113.2</customer-address> <mask>24</mask> </addresses> </ipv4> </ip-connection> <vpn-attachment> <vpn-policy-id>VPNPOL1</vpn-policy-id> </vpn-attachment> </site-network-access> </site-network-accesses> <routing-protocols> <routing-protocol> <type>static</type> <static> <cascaded-lan-prefixes> <ipv4-lan-prefixes> <lan>198.51.100.0/30</lan> <next-hop>203.0.113.2</next-hop> </ipv4-lan-prefixes> </cascaded-lan-prefixes> </static> </routing-protocol> </routing-protocols> <management> <type>customer-managed</type> </management> <vpn-policies> <vpn-policy> <vpn-policy-id>VPNPOL1</vpn-policy-id> <entries> <id>1</id> <vpn> <vpn-id>VPN1</vpn-id> <site-role>any-to-any-role</site-role> </vpn> </entries> </vpn-policy> </vpn-policies> </site> In the service example above,it is expected thatthe service componentrequestsis expected to request that the configuration component of the management system provide the configuration of the service elements. If we consider that the service component selected a PE (PE A) as the target PE for the site, the configuration component will need to push the configuration to PE A. The configuration component will use several YANG data models to define the configuration to be applied to PE A. The XML configuration ofPE-A mayPE A might look like this: <if:interfaces> <if:interface> <if:name>eth0</if:name> <if:type>ianaift:ethernetCsmacd</if:type> <if:description> Link toCEA.CE A. </if:description> <ip:ipv4> <ip:address> <ip:ip>203.0.113.254</ip:ip> <ip:prefix-length>24</ip:prefix-length> </ip:address> <ip:forwarding>true</ip:forwarding> </ip:ipv4> </if:interface> </if:interfaces> <rt:routing> <rt:routing-instance> <rt:name>VRF_CustA</rt:name><rt:type>l3vpn:vrf</rt:type><rt:type>l3vpn-network:vrf</rt:type> <rt:description>VRF forCustomerA</rt:description> <l3vpn:route-distinguisher>Customer A</rt:description> <l3vpn-network:route-distinguisher> 100:1546542343</l3vpn:route-distinguisher> <l3vpn:import-rt>100:1</l3vpn:import-rt> <l3vpn:export-rt>100:1</l3vpn:export-rt></l3vpn-network:route-distinguisher> <l3vpn-network:import-rt>100:1</l3vpn-network:import-rt> <l3vpn-network:export-rt>100:1</l3vpn-network:export-rt> <rt:interfaces> <rt:interface> <rt:name>eth0</rt:name> </rt:interface> </rt:interfaces> <rt:routing-protocols> <rt:routing-protocol> <rt:type>rt:static</rt:type> <rt:name>st0</rt:name> <rt:static-routes> <v4ur:ipv4> <v4ur:route> <v4ur:destination-prefix> 198.51.100.0/30 </v4ur:destination-prefix> <v4ur:next-hop> <v4ur:next-hop-address> 203.0.113.2 </v4ur:next-hop-address> </v4ur:next-hop> </v4ur:route> </v4ur:ipv4> </rt:static-routes> </rt:routing-protocol> </rt:routing-protocols> </rt:routing-instance> </rt:routing> 9. YANG Module <CODE BEGINS> file"ietf-l3vpn-svc@2016-11-04.yang""ietf-l3vpn-svc@2017-01-27.yang" module ietf-l3vpn-svc { namespace "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-l3vpn-svc"; prefix l3vpn-svc; import ietf-inet-types { prefix inet; } import ietf-yang-types { prefix yang; } organization "IETF L3SM Working Group"; contact "WG List:<mailto:l3sm@ietf.org><mailto:l3sm@ietf.org> Editor: L3SM WG Chairs: Adrian Farrel, Qin Wu "; description"The"This YANG module defines a generic service configuration model for Layer 3VPNVPNs. This model is common across allof thevendor implementations."; revision2016-11-032017-01-27 { description "Initialdocument";document."; reference "RFCXXXX";8049."; } /* Features */ feature cloud-access { description"Allow"Allows the VPN to connect to aCloud Service provider.";CSP."; } feature multicast { description "Enables multicast capabilities in aVPN";VPN."; } feature ipv4 { description "Enables IPv4 support in aVPN";VPN."; } feature ipv6 { description "Enables IPv6 support in aVPN";VPN."; } feature carrierscarrier { description "Enables support ofcarrier's carrier";CsC."; } feature extranet-vpn { description "Enables support of extranetVPNs";VPNs."; } feature site-diversity { description "Enables support of site diversityconstraints";constraints."; } feature encryption { description "Enables support ofencryption";encryption."; } feature qos { description "Enables support ofClassclasses ofServices";services."; } feature qos-custom { description "Enables support of the customqos profile";QoS profile."; } feature rtg-bgp { description "Enables support of the BGP routing protocol."; } feature rtg-rip { description "Enables support of the RIP routing protocol."; } feature rtg-ospf { description "Enables support of the OSPF routing protocol."; } feature rtg-ospf-sham-link { description "Enables support of OSPFsham-links.";sham links."; } feature rtg-vrrp { description "Enables support of the VRRP routing protocol."; } feature fast-reroute { description "Enables support of Fast Reroute."; } feature bfd { description "Enables support of BFD."; } feature always-on { description "Enables supportfor always-onof the 'always-on' access constraint."; } feature requested-type { description "Enables supportfor requested-typeof the 'requested-type' access constraint."; } feature bearer-reference { description "Enables supportfor bearer-referenceof the 'bearer-reference' access constraint."; } /* Typedefs */ typedef svc-id { type string; description"Defining"Defines a type of service componentidentificators.";identifier."; } typedef template-id { type string; description"Defining"Defines a type of service templateidentificators.";identifier."; } typedef address-family { type enumeration { enum ipv4 { description "IPv4 addressfamily";family."; } enum ipv6 { description "IPv6 addressfamily";family."; } } description"Defining"Defines a type foraddress-family.";the address family."; } /* Identities */ identity site-network-access-type { description "Base identity for site-network-accesstype";type."; } identity point-to-point { base site-network-access-type; description "Identity for point-to-pointconnection";connection."; } identity multipoint { base site-network-access-type; description "Identity for multipointconnection Example : ethernetconnection. Example: Ethernet broadcastsegment";segment."; } identity placement-diversity { description "Base identity for site placementconstraints";constraints."; } identity bearer-diverse { base placement-diversity; description "Identity for bearer diversity. The bearers should not use common elements."; } identity pe-diverse { base placement-diversity; description "Identity for PEdiversity";diversity."; } identity pop-diverse { base placement-diversity; description "Identity for POPdiversity";diversity."; } identity linecard-diverse { base placement-diversity; description "Identity for linecarddiversity";diversity."; } identity same-pe { base placement-diversity; description "Identity for having sites connected on the samePE";PE."; } identity same-bearer { base placement-diversity; description "Identity for having sites connected using the samebearer";bearer."; } identity customer-application { description "Base identity for customerapplication";application."; } identity web { base customer-application; description "Identity forwebWeb application(e.g. HTTP,HTTPS)";(e.g., HTTP, HTTPS)."; } identity mail { base customer-application; description "Identity for mailapplications";application."; } identity file-transfer { base customer-application; description "Identity for file transferapplications ( e.g.application (e.g., FTP,SFTP, ...)";SFTP)."; } identity database { base customer-application; description "Identity for databaseapplications";application."; } identity social { base customer-application; description "Identity forsocial network applications";social-network application."; } identity games { base customer-application; description "Identity for gamingapplications";application."; } identity p2p { base customer-application; description "Identity forpeer to peer applications";peer-to-peer application."; } identity network-management { base customer-application; description "Identity for managementapplications (e.g. telnetapplication (e.g., Telnet, syslog,snmp ...)";SNMP)."; } identity voice { base customer-application; description "Identity for voiceapplications";application."; } identity video { base customer-application; description "Identity for video conferenceapplications";application."; } identity site-vpn-flavor { description "Base identity for the site VPN service flavor."; } identity site-vpn-flavor-single { base site-vpn-flavor; description "Base identity for the site VPN service flavor. Used when the site belongs to only one VPN."; } identity site-vpn-flavor-multi { base site-vpn-flavor; description "Base identity for the site VPN service flavor. Used when a logical connection of a site belongs to multiple VPNs."; } identity site-vpn-flavor-sub { base site-vpn-flavor; description "Base identity for the site VPN service flavor. Used when a site has multiple logical connections. Eachof theconnection may belong to different multiple VPNs."; } identity site-vpn-flavor-nni { base site-vpn-flavor; description "Base identity for the site VPN service flavor. Used to describeaan NNI option A connection."; } identity management { description "Base identity for site management scheme."; } identity co-managed { base management; description "Base identity forcomanagedco-managed site."; } identity customer-managed { base management; description "Base identity forcustomer managedcustomer-managed site."; } identity provider-managed { base management; description "Base identity forprovider managedprovider-managed site."; } identity address-allocation-type { description "Base identity for address-allocation-type for PE-CE link."; } identity provider-dhcp { base address-allocation-type; description "Provider network provides DHCP service to customer."; } identity provider-dhcp-relay { base address-allocation-type; description "Provider network provides DHCP relay service to customer."; } identity provider-dhcp-slaac { base address-allocation-type; description "Provider network provides DHCP service tocustomercustomer, as well as SLAAC."; } identity static-address { base address-allocation-type; description"Provider to customer"Provider-to-customer addressing is static."; } identity slaac { base address-allocation-type; description "Use IPv6 SLAAC."; } identity site-role { description "Base identity for site type."; } identity any-to-any-role { base site-role; description "Site ina any to any IPVPN.";an any-to-any IP VPN."; } identity spoke-role { base site-role; description "SpokeSitesite in aHub & Spoke IPVPN.";Hub-and-Spoke IP VPN."; } identity hub-role { base site-role; description "HubSitesite in aHub & Spoke IPVPN.";Hub-and-Spoke IP VPN."; } identity vpn-topology { description "Base identity for VPN topology."; } identity any-to-any { base vpn-topology; description "Identity forany to anyany-to-any VPN topology."; } identity hub-spoke { base vpn-topology; description "Identity forHub'n'SpokeHub-and-Spoke VPN topology."; } identity hub-spoke-disjoint { base vpn-topology; description "Identity forHub'n'SpokeHub-and-Spoke VPN topology where Hubs cannottalk betweencommunicate with each other."; } identity multicast-tree-type { description "Base identity for multicast tree type."; } identity ssm-tree-type { base multicast-tree-type; description "Identity for SSM tree type."; } identity asm-tree-type { base multicast-tree-type; description "Identity for ASM tree type."; } identity bidir-tree-type { base multicast-tree-type; description "Identity forBiDirbidirectional tree type."; } identity multicast-rp-discovery-type { description "Base identity forrpRP discovery type."; } identity auto-rp { base multicast-rp-discovery-type; description "Base identity forauto-rpAuto-RP discovery type."; } identity static-rp { base multicast-rp-discovery-type; description "Base identity for static type."; } identity bsr-rp { base multicast-rp-discovery-type; description "Base identity forBDRBSR discovery type."; } identity routing-protocol-type { description "Base identity forrouting-protocolrouting protocol type."; } identity ospf { base routing-protocol-type; description "Identity for OSPF protocol type."; } identity bgp { base routing-protocol-type; description "Identity for BGP protocol type."; } identity static { base routing-protocol-type; description "Identity for static routing protocol type."; } identity rip { base routing-protocol-type; description "Identity for RIP protocol type."; } identity vrrp { base routing-protocol-type; description "Identity for VRRP protocol type. This is to be used whenLAnLANs are directly connected toprovider EdgePE routers."; } identity direct { base routing-protocol-type; description "Identity for direct protocoltype. .";type."; } identity protocol-type { description "Base identity for protocol field type."; } identity tcp { base protocol-type; description "TCP protocol type."; } identity udp { base protocol-type; description "UDP protocol type."; } identity icmp { base protocol-type; description"icmp"ICMP protocol type."; } identity icmp6 { base protocol-type; description"icmp v6"ICMPv6 protocol type."; } identity gre { base protocol-type; description "GRE protocol type."; } identity ipip { base protocol-type; description"IPinIP"IP-in-IP protocol type."; } identity hop-by-hop { base protocol-type; description"Hop by Hop"Hop-by-Hop IPv6 header type."; } identity routing { base protocol-type; description "Routing IPv6 header type."; } identity esp { base protocol-type; description "ESP header type."; } identity ah { base protocol-type; description "AH header type."; } /* Groupings */ grouping vpn-service-cloud-access { container cloud-accesses { if-feature cloud-access; list cloud-access { key cloud-identifier; leaf cloud-identifier { type string; description "Identification of cloud service. Localadminadministration meaning."; } choice list-flavor { case permit-any { leaf permit-any { type empty; description"Allow"Allows all sites."; } } case deny-any-except { leaf-list permit-site { type leafref { path "/l3vpn-svc/sites/site/site-id"; } description "Site ID to be authorized."; } } case permit-any-except { leaf-list deny-site { type leafref { path "/l3vpn-svc/sites/site/site-id"; } description "Site ID to be denied."; } } description "Choice for cloud access policy."; } container authorized-sites { list authorized-site { key site-id; leaf site-id { type leafref { path "/l3vpn-svc/sites/site/site-id"; } description "Site ID."; } description "List of authorized sites."; } description "Configuration of authorizedsites";sites."; } container denied-sites { list denied-site { key site-id; leaf site-id { type leafref { path "/l3vpn-svc/sites/site/site-id"; } description "Site ID."; } description "List of denied sites."; } description "Configuration of deniedsites";sites."; } container address-translation { container nat44 { leaf enabled { type boolean; default false; description"Control if"Controls whether or not address translation isrequired or not.";required."; } leaf nat44-customer-address { type inet:ipv4-address; must "../enabled = 'true'" { description "Applicable only if address translation is enabled."; } description "Address to be used for translation. This is to be usedin caseif the customer is providing the address."; } description"IPv4 to IPv4"IPv4-to-IPv4 translation."; } description "Container forNAT";NAT."; } description "Cloud access configuration."; } description "Container for cloud accessconfigurations";configurations."; } description"grouping"Grouping forvpnVPN clouddefinition";definition."; } grouping multicast-rp-group-cfg { choice group-format { case startend { leaf group-start { type inet:ip-address; description "First group address."; } leaf group-end { type inet:ip-address; description "Last group address."; } } case singleaddress { leaf group-address { type inet:ip-address; description "Groupaddress";address."; } } description "Choice for group format."; } description "Definition of groups forRP to groupRP-to-group mapping."; } grouping vpn-service-multicast { container multicast { if-feature multicast; leaf enabled { type boolean; default false; description"Enable"Enables multicast."; } container customer-tree-flavors { leaf-list tree-flavor { type identityref { base multicast-tree-type; } description "Type of tree to be used."; } description "Type of trees used by customer."; } container rp { container rp-group-mappings { list rp-group-mapping { key"id";id; leaf id { type uint16; description "Unique identifier for the mapping."; } container provider-managed { leaf enabled { type boolean; default false; description "Set totrue,true if the RP must be aprovider managedprovider-managed node. Set tofalse,false if it is acustomer managedcustomer-managed node."; } leaf rp-redundancy { when "../enabled = 'true'" { description "Relevant when the RP isprovider managed.";provider-managed."; } type boolean; default false; description "If true, a redundancy mechanism for the RP is required."; } leaf optimal-traffic-delivery { when "../enabled = 'true'" { description "Relevant when the RP isprovider managed.";provider-managed."; } type boolean; default false; description "If true, the SP must ensure that traffic uses an optimal path."; } description "Parameters forprovider manageda provider-managed RP."; } leaf rp-address { when "../provider-managed/enabled = 'false'" { description "Relevant when the RP isprovider managed.";provider-managed."; } type inet:ip-address; description "Defines the address of theRendezvousPoint.RP. Used if the RP iscustomer managed.";customer-managed."; } container groups { list group { key id; leaf id { type uint16; description "Identifier for the group."; } uses multicast-rp-group-cfg; description "List of groups."; } description "Multicast groups associated with the RP."; } description "List ofRP to groupRP-to-group mappings."; } description"RP to group"RP-to-group mappings."; } container rp-discovery { leaf rp-discovery-type { type identityref { base multicast-rp-discovery-type; } default static-rp; description "Type of RP discovery used."; } container bsr-candidates { when "../rp-discovery-type = 'bsr-rp'" { description "Only applicable if discovery type isBSR-RP";BSR-RP."; } leaf-list bsr-candidate-address { type inet:ip-address; description "Address of BSRcandidate";candidate."; } description "Customer BSRcandidates address";candidate's address."; } description "RP discoveryparameters";parameters."; } description"RendezvousPoint"RP parameters."; } description "Multicast global parameters for the VPN service."; } description"grouping"Grouping for multicastvpn definition";VPN definition."; } grouping vpn-service-mpls { leaf carrierscarrier { if-feature carrierscarrier; type boolean; default false; description "The VPN is usingCarrier's Carrier,CsC, and so MPLS is required."; } description"grouping"Grouping formplsMPLS CsCdefinition";definition."; } grouping customer-location-info { container locations { list location { key location-id; leaf location-id { type svc-id; description "Identifier for a particularlocation";location."; } leaf address { type string; description "Address (number and street) of the site."; } leaf postal-code { type string; description "Postal code of the site."; } leaf state { type string; description "State of the site. This leaf can also be used to describe a region for a countrywhothat does not havestates. ";states."; } leaf city { type string; description "City of the site."; } leaf country-code { type string { pattern '[A-Z]{2}'; } description "Country of the site. Expressed as ISO ALPHA-2 code."; } description "Location of the site."; } description "List of locations for thesite";site."; } description "This grouping defines customer locationparameters";parameters."; } grouping site-group { container groups { list group { key group-id; leaf group-id { type string; description "Group-id the siteis belonging to";belongs to."; } description "List ofgroup-id";group-ids."; } description "Groups the site or site-network-accessis belongingbelongs to."; } description "Grouping definition to assign group-ids to site orsite-network-access";site-network-access."; } grouping site-diversity { container site-diversity { if-feature site-diversity; uses site-group; description "Diversity constraint type.GroupAll site-network-accesses will inherit the group values definedhere will be inherited to all site-network-accesses.";here."; } description "This grouping defines site diversityparameters";parameters."; } grouping access-diversity { container access-diversity { if-feature site-diversity; uses site-group; container constraints { list constraint { key constraint-type; leaf constraint-type { type identityref { base placement-diversity; } description "Diversity constraint type."; } container target { choice target-flavor { case id { list group { key group-id; leaf group-id { type string; description "The constraint willapplybe applied against this particulargroup-id";group-id."; } description "List ofgroups";groups."; } } case all-accesses { leaf all-other-accesses { type empty; description "The constraint willapplybe applied against all other site networkaccessaccesses of thissite";site."; } } case all-groups { leaf all-other-groups { type empty; description "The constraint willapplybe applied against all other groups managed by thecustomer is managing";customer."; } } description "Choice for the groupdefinition";definition."; } description "The constraint willapplybe applied against this list ofgroups";groups."; } description "List ofconstraints";constraints."; } description"Constraints"Placement constraints forplacingthis site networkaccess";access."; } description "Diversity parameters."; } description "This grouping defines access diversityparameters";parameters."; } grouping operational-requirements { leaf requested-site-start { type yang:date-and-time; description "Optional leaf indicating requested date and time when the service at a particular site is expected tostart";start."; } leaf requested-site-stop { type yang:date-and-time; description "Optional leaf indicating requested date and time when the service at a particular site is expected tostop";stop."; } description "This grouping defines some operationalparameters parameters";parameters."; } grouping operational-requirements-ops { leaf actual-site-start { type yang:date-and-time; config false; description "Optional leaf indicating actual date and time when the service at a particular site actuallystarted";started."; } leaf actual-site-stop { type yang:date-and-time; config false; description "Optional leaf indicating actual date and time when the service at a particular site actuallystopped";stopped."; } description "This grouping defines some operationalparameters parameters";parameters."; } grouping flow-definition { container match-flow { leaf dscp { type inet:dscp; description "DSCP value."; } leaf dot1p { type uint8 { range"0 .. 7";"0..7"; } description "802.1p matching."; } leaf ipv4-src-prefix { type inet:ipv4-prefix; description "Match on IPv4 src address."; } leaf ipv6-src-prefix { type inet:ipv6-prefix; description "Match on IPv6 src address."; } leaf ipv4-dst-prefix { type inet:ipv4-prefix; description "Match on IPv4 dst address."; } leaf ipv6-dst-prefix { type inet:ipv6-prefix; description "Match on IPv6 dst address."; } leaf l4-src-port { type inet:port-number; description "Match onlayerLayer 4 src port."; } leaf-list target-sites { type svc-id; description "Identify a site as traffic destination."; } container l4-src-port-range { leaf lower-port { type inet:port-number; description "Lower boundary for port."; } leaf upper-port { type inet:port-number; must ". >= ../lower-port" { description "Upper boundary must be higher than lowerboundary";boundary."; } description "Upper boundary for port."; } description "Match onlayerLayer 4 src port range."; } leaf l4-dst-port { type inet:port-number; description "Match onlayerLayer 4 dst port."; } container l4-dst-port-range { leaf lower-port { type inet:port-number; description "Lower boundary for port."; } leaf upper-port { type inet:port-number; must ". >= ../lower-port" { description "Upper boundary must be higher than lowerboundary";boundary."; } description "Upper boundary for port."; } description "Match onlayerLayer 4 dst port range."; } leaf protocol-field { type union { type uint8; type identityref { base protocol-type; } } description "Match on IPv4 protocol orIpv6IPv6 Next Header field."; } description"Describe flow matching criterions.";"Describes flow-matching criteria."; } description "Flow definition based on criteria."; } grouping site-service-basic { leaf svc-input-bandwidth { type uint32; units bps; description "From thePEPE's perspective, the service input bandwidth of the connection."; } leaf svc-output-bandwidth { type uint32; units bps; description "From thePEPE's perspective, the service output bandwidth of the connection."; } leaf svc-mtu { type uint16; units bytes; description "MTU at service level. If the service is IP, it refers to the IP MTU."; } description "Defines basic service parameters for a site."; } grouping site-protection { container traffic-protection { if-feature fast-reroute; leaf enabled { type boolean; default false; description "Enables traffic protection of access link."; } description "FastrerouteReroute service parameters for the site."; } description "Defines protection service parameters for a site."; } grouping site-service-mpls { container carrierscarrier { if-feature carrierscarrier; leaf signalling-type { type enumeration { enum "ldp" { description "Use LDP as the signalling protocol between the PE and the CE."; } enum "bgp" { description "Use BGP3107(as per RFC 3107) as the signalling protocol between the PE and the CE. In this case,bgpBGP mustbealso be configured asrouting-protocol. ";the routing protocol."; } } description "MPLS signalling type."; } description "This container is used when the customer providesMPLS basedMPLS-based services. This is used in the case ofCarrier's Carrier.";CsC."; } description "Defines MPLS service parameters for a site."; } grouping site-service-qos-profile { container qos { if-feature qos; container qos-classification-policy { list rule { key id; ordered-by user; leaf id { type uint16; description "ID of the rule."; } choice match-type { case match-flow { uses flow-definition; } case match-application { leaf match-application { type identityref { base customer-application; } description "Defines the application to match."; } } description "Choice forclassification";classification."; } leaf target-class-id { type string; description "Identification of the class of service. This identifier is internal to the administration."; } description "List of marking rules."; } description"Need to express marking rules ...";"Configuration of the traffic classification policy."; } container qos-profile { choice qos-profile { description "Choice for QoS profile. Can be standard profile or custom."; case standard { leaf profile { type string; description "QoS profile to beused";used."; } } case custom { container classes { if-feature qos-custom; list class { key class-id; leaf class-id { type string; description "Identification of the class of service. This identifier is internal to the administration."; } leaf rate-limit { type uint8; units percent; description "To be used if the class must berate limited.rate-limited. Expressed as percentage of thesvc-bw.";service bandwidth."; } container latency { choice flavor { case lowest { leaf use-lowest-latency { type empty; description "The traffic class should use the path with the lowestlatency path";latency."; } } case boundary { leaf latency-boundary { type uint16; units msec; description "The traffic class should use a path with a defined maximum latency."; } } description "Latency constraint on the trafficclass";class."; } description "Latency constraint on the trafficclass";class."; } container jitter { choice flavor { case lowest { leaf use-lowest-jitter { type empty; description "The traffic class should use the path with the lowestjitter path";jitter."; } } case boundary { leaf latency-boundary { type uint32; units usec; description "The traffic class should use a path with a defined maximum jitter."; } } description "Jitter constraint on the trafficclass";class."; } description "Jitter constraint on the trafficclass";class."; } container bandwidth { leaf guaranteed-bw-percent { type uint8; units percent; description "To be used to define the guaranteedBW in percentbandwidth as a percentage of thesvc-bw available.";available service bandwidth."; } leaf end-to-end { type empty; description "Used if the bandwidth reservation must be done on the MPLS networktoo";too."; } description "Bandwidth constraint on the trafficclass";class."; } description "List ofclassclasses of services."; } description "Container for list ofclassclasses of services."; } } } description"Qos"QoS profile configuration."; } description "QoS configuration."; } description "This grouping defines QoS parameters for asite";site."; } grouping site-security-authentication { container authentication { description "Authenticationparameters";parameters."; } description "This grouping defines authentication parameters for asite";site."; } grouping site-security-encryption { container encryption { if-feature encryption; leaf enabled { type boolean; default false; description "If true, access encryption is required."; } leaf layer { type enumeration { enum layer2 { description "Encryption will occur atlayerLayer 2."; } enum layer3 { description "Encryption will occur atlayerLayer 3.IPSecFor example, IPsec may beused as example.";used."; } } mandatory true; description "Layer on which encryption is applied."; } container encryption-profile { choice profile { case provider-profile { leaf profile-name { type string; description "Name of the SP profile to be applied."; } } case customer-profile { leaf algorithm { type string; description "Encryption algorithm to be used."; } choice key-type { case psk { leaf preshared-key { type string; description "Key coming from customer."; } } case pki { } description "Type of keys to be used."; } } description "Choice of profile."; } description "Profile of encryption to be applied."; } description "Encryption parameters."; } description "This grouping defines encryption parameters for asite";site."; } grouping site-attachment-bearer { container bearer { container requested-type { if-feature requested-type; leaf requested-type { type string; description "Type of requestedbearerbearer: Ethernet, DSL,Wireless ...Wireless, etc. Operator specific."; } leaf strict { type boolean; default false; description"define if the"Defines whether requested-type is a preference or a strict requirement."; } description "Container forrequested type.";requested-type."; } leaf always-on { if-feature always-on; type boolean; default true; description "Request for analways onalways-on access type.This meansFor example, this could mean noDialdial accesstype for example.";type."; } leaf bearer-reference { if-feature bearer-reference; type string; description "This is an internal reference for theservice provider. Used ";SP."; } description"Bearer specific"Bearer-specific parameters. To be augmented."; } description "Defines physical properties of a site attachment."; } grouping site-routing { container routing-protocols { list routing-protocol { key type; leaf type { type identityref { base routing-protocol-type; } description "Type of routing protocol."; } container ospf { when "../type = 'ospf'" { description "Only applies when protocol is OSPF."; } if-feature rtg-ospf; leaf-list address-family { type address-family; description "Address family to be activated."; } leaf area-address { type yang:dotted-quad; description "Area address."; } leaf metric { type uint16; description "Metric of the PE-CE link."; } container sham-links { if-feature rtg-ospf-sham-link; list sham-link { key target-site; leaf target-site { type svc-id; description "Target site for the sham link connection. The site is referredthrough it'sto by its ID."; } leaf metric { type uint16; description "Metric of the sham link."; } description "Creates ashamlinksham link with anothersite";site."; } description "List ofSham links";sham links."; } description"OSPF specific"OSPF-specific configuration."; } container bgp { when "../type = 'bgp'" { description "Only applies when protocol is BGP."; } if-feature rtg-bgp; leaf autonomous-system { type uint32; description "AS number."; } leaf-list address-family { type address-family; description "Address family to be activated."; } description"BGP specific"BGP-specific configuration."; } container static { when "../type = 'static'" { description "Only applies when protocol is static."; } container cascaded-lan-prefixes { list ipv4-lan-prefixes { if-feature ipv4; key "lan next-hop"; leaf lan { type inet:ipv4-prefix; description"Lan"LAN prefixes."; } leaf lan-tag { type string; description "Internal tag to be used invpnVPN policies."; } leaf next-hop { type inet:ipv4-address; description"Nexthop"Next-hop address to useaton the customer side."; } description" List"List of LAN prefixes for thesite. ";site."; } list ipv6-lan-prefixes { if-feature ipv6; key "lan next-hop"; leaf lan { type inet:ipv6-prefix; description"Lan"LAN prefixes."; } leaf lan-tag { type string; description "Internal tag to be used invpnVPN policies."; } leaf next-hop { type inet:ipv6-address; description"Nexthop"Next-hop address to useaton the customer side."; } description" List"List of LAN prefixes for thesite. ";site."; } description "LAN prefixes from the customer."; } description"Static routing"Configuration specificconfiguration.";to static routing."; } container rip { when "../type = 'rip'" { description "Only applies when protocol is RIP."; } if-feature rtg-rip; leaf-list address-family { type address-family; description "Address family to be activated."; } description"RIP routing"Configuration specificconfiguration.";to RIP routing."; } container vrrp { when "../type = 'vrrp'" { description "Only applies when protocol is VRRP."; } if-feature rtg-vrrp; leaf-list address-family { type address-family; description "Address family to be activated."; } description"VRRP routing"Configuration specificconfiguration.";to VRRP routing."; } description "List of routing protocols used on the site.Need toThis list can be augmented."; } description "Defines routing protocols."; } description "Grouping for routing protocols."; } grouping site-attachment-ip-connection { container ip-connection { container ipv4 { if-feature ipv4; leaf address-allocation-type { type identityref { base address-allocation-type; } default "static-address"; description "Defines how addresses areallocated. ";allocated."; } leaf number-of-dynamic-address { when "../address-allocation-type = 'provider-dhcp'" { description "Only applies when addresses aredhcp allocated";allocated by DHCP."; } type uint8; default 1; description "Describes the number of IP addresses the customerrequires";requires."; } container dhcp-relay { when "../address-allocation-type = 'provider-dhcp-relay'" { description "Only applies when provider is required toimplementationsimplement DHCP relayfunction";function."; } container customer-dhcp-servers { leaf-list server-ip-address { type inet:ipv4-address; description "IP address of customer DHCPserver";server."; } description "Container for list of customer DHCPserver";servers."; } description "DHCP relay provided by operator."; } container addresses { when "../address-allocation-type = 'static-address'" { description "Only applies when protocol allocation type isstatic";static."; } leaf provider-address { type inet:ipv4-address; description"Provider side address.";"Address of provider side."; } leaf customer-address { type inet:ipv4-address; description"Customer side address.";"Address of customer side."; } leaf mask { type uint8 { range "0..31"; } description "Subnet mask expressed inbits";bits."; } description "Describes IP addressesused";used."; } description"IPv4 specific parameters";"IPv4-specific parameters."; } container ipv6 { if-feature ipv6; leaf address-allocation-type { type identityref { base address-allocation-type; } default "static-address"; description "Defines how addresses areallocated. ";allocated."; } leaf number-of-dynamic-address { when "../address-allocation-type = 'provider-dhcp' "+ "or ../address-allocation-type "+ "= 'provider-dhcp-slaac'" { description "Only applies when addresses aredhcp allocated";allocated by DHCP."; } type uint8; default 1; description "Describes the number of IP addresses the customerrequires";requires."; } container dhcp-relay { when "../address-allocation-type = 'provider-dhcp-relay'" { description "Only applies when provider is required toimplementationsimplement DHCP relayfunction";function."; } container customer-dhcp-servers { leaf-list server-ip-address { type inet:ipv6-address; description "IP address of customer DHCPserver";server."; } description "Container for list of customer DHCPserver";servers."; } description "DHCP relay provided by operator."; } container addresses { when "../address-allocation-type = 'static-address'" { description "Only applies when protocol allocation type isstatic";static."; } leaf provider-address { type inet:ipv6-address; description"Provider side address.";"Address of provider side."; } leaf customer-address { type inet:ipv6-address; description"Customer side address.";"Address of customer side."; } leaf mask { type uint8 { range "0..127"; } description "Subnet mask expressed inbits";bits."; } description "Describes IP addressesused";used."; } description"IPv6 specific parameters";"IPv6-specific parameters."; } container oam { container bfd { if-feature bfd; leaf enabled { type boolean; default false; description "BFDactivation";activation."; } choice holdtime { case profile { leaf profile-name { type string; description"Service provider well known"Well-known SP profile."; } description"Service provider well known"Well-known SP profile."; } case fixed { leaf fixed-value { type uint32; units msec; description "Expected holdtime expressed in msec."; } } description "Choice for holdtime flavor."; } description "Container for BFD."; } description"Define"Defines the OAM mechanisms used on the connection."; } description "Defines connection parameters."; } description "This grouping defines IP connection parameters."; } grouping site-service-multicast { container multicast { if-feature multicast; leaf multicast-site-type { type enumeration { enum receiver-only { description "The sitehasonly has receivers."; } enum source-only { description "The sitehasonly has sources."; } enum source-receiver { description "The site has both sources&and receivers."; } } default "source-receiver"; description "Type of multicast site."; } container multicast-address-family { leaf ipv4 { if-feature ipv4; type boolean; default true; description "Enablesipv4 multicast";IPv4 multicast."; } leaf ipv6 { if-feature ipv6; type boolean; default false; description "Enablesipv6 multicast";IPv6 multicast."; } description "Defines protocol to carry multicast."; } leaf protocol-type { type enumeration { enum host { description" Hosts"Hosts are directly connected to the provider network. Host protocolslike IGMP,such as IGMP or MLD arerequired. ";required."; } enum router { description" Hosts"Hosts are behind a customer router. PIM will beimplemented. ";implemented."; } enum both { description "SomeHostshosts are behind a customerrouterrouter, and some others are directly connected to the provider network. Both host and routing protocols must be used.TypicallyTypically, IGMP and PIM will beimplemented. ";implemented."; } } default "both"; description "Multicast protocol type to be used with the customer site."; } description "Multicast parameters for the site."; } description "Multicast parameters for the site."; } grouping site-management { container management { leaf type { type identityref { base management; } description "Management type of the connection."; } description "Managementconfiguration";configuration."; } description "Management parameters for the site."; } grouping site-devices { container devices { must "/l3vpn-svc/sites/site/management/type = "+ "'provider-managed' or "+ "/l3vpn-svc/sites/site/management/type="+= "+ "'co-managed'" { description "Applicable only for provider-managed or co-manageddevice";device."; } list device { key device-id; leaf device-id { type svc-id; description"identifier"Identifier for thedevice";device."; } leaf location { type leafref { path "/l3vpn-svc/sites/site/locations/"+ "location/location-id"; } description "Location of thedevice";device."; } container management { must "/l3vpn-svc/sites/site/management/type"+ "= 'co-managed'" { description "Applicable only for co-manageddevice";device."; } leaf address-family { type address-family; description "Address family used for management."; } leaf address { type inet:ip-address; description "Managementaddress";address."; } description "Management configuration.OnlyApplicable only for co-managedcase.";device."; } description "Deviceconfiguration";configuration."; } description "List of devices requested bycustomer";customer."; } description "Grouping for deviceallocation";allocation."; } grouping site-vpn-flavor { leaf site-vpn-flavor { type identityref { base site-vpn-flavor; } default site-vpn-flavor-single; description "Definesifwhether the siteisis, for example, a single VPNsite, or multiVPNsite or...";a multiVPN."; } description "Grouping forsite-vpn-flavor.";site VPN flavor."; } grouping site-vpn-policy { container vpn-policies { list vpn-policy { key vpn-policy-id; leaf vpn-policy-id { type svc-id; description "Unique identifier for the VPN policy."; } list entries { key id; leaf id { type svc-id; description "Unique identifier for the policy entry."; } container filter { choice lan { case prefixes { leaf-list ipv4-lan-prefix { if-feature ipv4; type inet:ipv4-prefix; description "List of IPv4 prefixes to be matched."; } leaf-list ipv6-lan-prefix { if-feature ipv6; type inet:ipv6-prefix; description "List of IPv6 prefixes to be matched."; } } case lan-tag { leaf-list lan-tag { type string; description "List oflan-tags'lan-tag' items to be matched."; } } description "Choiceforof ways to do LANmatching type";matching."; } description "If used, itpermit to splitpermits the splitting of site LANs among multiple VPNs. If no filter is used, all the LANs will be part of the same VPNs with the same role."; } container vpn { leaf vpn-id { type leafref { path"/l3vpn-svc/vpn-services/" +"vpn-service/vpn-id";"/l3vpn-svc/vpn-services/"+ "vpn-service/vpn-id"; } mandatory true; description "Reference to anIPVPN.";IP VPN."; } leaf site-role { type identityref { base site-role; } default any-to-any-role; description "Role of the site in theIPVPN.";IP VPN."; } description "List of VPNs the LAN is associatedto.";with."; } description "List of entries for export policy."; } description "List of VPN policies."; } description "VPN policy."; } description "VPN policy parameters for the site."; } grouping site-maximum-routes { container maximum-routes { list address-family { key af; leaf af { type address-family; description"Address-family.";"Address family."; } leaf maximum-routes { type uint32; description "Maximum prefixes the VRF can accept for thisaddress-family.";address family."; } description "List of address families."; } description"Define maximum-routes"Defines 'maximum-routes' for the VRF."; } description"Define maximum-routes"Defines 'maximum-routes' for the site."; } grouping site-security { container security { uses site-security-authentication; uses site-security-encryption; description"Site specific"Site-specific security parameters."; } description "Grouping for security parameters."; } grouping site-service { container service { uses site-service-qos-profile; uses site-service-mpls; uses site-service-multicast; description "Service parameters on theattachement.";attachment."; } description "Grouping for service parameters."; } grouping site-network-access-service { container service { uses site-service-basic; uses site-service-qos-profile; uses site-service-mpls; uses site-service-multicast; description "Service parameters on theattachement.";attachment."; } description "Grouping for service parameters."; } grouping vpn-extranet { container extranet-vpns { if-feature extranet-vpn; list extranet-vpn { key vpn-id; leaf vpn-id { type svc-id; description "Identifies the targetVPN";VPN."; } leaf local-sites-role { type identityref { base site-role; } default any-to-any-role; description "This describes the role of the local sites in the target VPN topology."; } description "List of extranet VPNs the local VPN is attached to."; } description "Container for extranetvpn cfg.";VPN configuration."; } description"grouping"Grouping for extranet VPN configuration.ExtranetThis providesaan easy way to interconnect all sites from twoVPNs in a easy way.";VPNs."; } grouping site-attachment-availability { container availability { leaf access-priority { type uint32; default 1; description "Defines the priority for the access. Thehighesthigher thepriority value is,access-priority value, thehighesthigher the preference of the accessis.";will be."; } description "Availability parameters (used formultihoming)";multihoming)."; } description "Definessiteavailabilityparameters.";parameters for a site."; } grouping access-vpn-policy { container vpn-attachment { choice attachment-flavor { case vpn-policy-id { leaf vpn-policy-id { type leafref { path "/l3vpn-svc/sites/site/"+ "vpn-policies/vpn-policy/"+ "vpn-policy-id"; } description "Reference to a VPN policy."; } } case vpn-id { leaf vpn-id { type leafref { path "/l3vpn-svc/vpn-services"+ "/vpn-service/vpn-id"; } description "Reference to a VPN."; } leaf site-role { type identityref { base site-role; } default any-to-any-role; description "Role of the site in theIPVPN.";IP VPN."; } } mandatory true; description "Choice for VPN attachment flavor."; } description "Defines VPN attachment of a site."; } description "Defines the VPN attachment rules for asitesite's logical access."; } grouping vpn-svc-cfg { leaf vpn-id { type svc-id; description "VPN identifier. Local administration meaning."; } leaf customer-name { type string; description "Name of the customer."; } leaf vpn-service-topology { type identityref { base vpn-topology; } default "any-to-any"; description "VPN service topology."; } uses vpn-service-cloud-access; uses vpn-service-multicast; uses vpn-service-mpls; uses vpn-extranet; description"grouping"Grouping forvpn-svcVPN service configuration."; } grouping site-top-level-cfg { uses operational-requirements; uses customer-location-info; uses site-devices; uses site-diversity; uses site-management; uses site-vpn-policy; uses site-vpn-flavor; uses site-maximum-routes; uses site-security; uses site-service; uses site-protection; uses site-routing; description "Grouping for sitetop level cfg.";top-level configuration."; } grouping site-network-access-top-level-cfg { leaf site-network-access-type { type identityref { base site-network-access-type; } default "point-to-point"; description "Describes the type of connection,e.g. :e.g., point-to-point ormultipoint";multipoint."; } choice location-flavor { case location { when "/l3vpn-svc/sites/site/management/type = "+ "'customer-managed'" { description "Applicable only forcustomer-managed";customer-managed device."; } leaf location-reference { type leafref { path "/l3vpn-svc/sites/site/locations/"+ "location/location-id"; } description "Location of thesite-network-access";site-network-access."; } } case device { when "/l3vpn-svc/sites/site/management/type = "+ "'provider-managed' or "+ "/l3vpn-svc/sites/site/management/type = "+ "'co-managed'" { description "Applicable only for provider-managed or co-manageddevice";device."; } leaf device-reference { type leafref { path "/l3vpn-svc/sites/site/devices/"+ "device/device-id"; } description "Identifier of CE touse";use."; } } mandatory true; description "Choiceonof how to describe thesite location";site's location."; } uses access-diversity; uses site-attachment-bearer; uses site-attachment-ip-connection; uses site-security; uses site-network-access-service; uses site-routing; uses site-attachment-availability; uses access-vpn-policy; description "Grouping for site network accesstop level cfg.";top-level configuration."; } /* Main blocks */ container l3vpn-svc { container vpn-services { list vpn-service { key vpn-id; uses vpn-svc-cfg; description" List"List of VPNservices. ";services."; } description"top level"Top-level container for the VPN services."; } container sites { list site { key site-id; leaf site-id { type svc-id; description "Identifier of the site."; } uses site-top-level-cfg; uses operational-requirements-ops; container site-network-accesses { list site-network-access { key site-network-access-id; leaf site-network-access-id { type svc-id; description "Identifier for theaccess";access."; } uses site-network-access-top-level-cfg; description "List of accesses for a site."; } description "List of accesses for a site."; } description "List of sites."; } description "Container forsites";sites."; } description "Main container for L3VPN service configuration."; } } <CODE ENDS> 10. Security Considerations The YANGmodulesmodule defined in this document MAY be accessed via the RESTCONF protocol[I-D.ietf-netconf-restconf][RFC8040] or the NETCONF protocol([RFC6241].[RFC6241]. The lowest RESTCONF or NETCONF layer requires that the transport-layer protocolprovidesprovide both data integrity andconfidentiality,confidentiality; see Section 2 in[I-D.ietf-netconf-restconf][RFC8040] and Section 2 in [RFC6241]. The client MUST carefully examine the certificate presented by the server to determine if it meets the client's expectations, and the server MUST authenticate client access to any protected resource. The client identity derived from the authentication mechanism used is subject to the NETCONF Access ControlModuleModel (NACM)([RFC6536]).[RFC6536]. Other protocols that are used to access this YANG module are also required to supportthesimilarmechanism.security mechanisms. The data nodes defined in the "ietf-l3vpn-svc" YANG module MUST be carefullycreated/read/updated/deleted.created, read, updated, or deleted as appropriate. The entries in the lists below includecustomer proprietarycustomer-proprietary or confidentialinformation, therefore only authorized clients MUSTinformation; therefore, accesstheto confidential information MUST be limited to authorized clients, andtheother clients MUST NOT beablepermitted to access the information. o /l3vpn-svc/vpn-services/vpn-service o /l3vpn-svc/sites/site The data model proposes some security parameters than can be extendedbyvia augmentation as part of the customer servicerequest:request; those parameters are described in Section 6.9. 11.Contribution Authors would like to thank Rob Shakir for his major contribution on the initial modeling and use cases. 12. Acknowledgements Thanks to Qin Wu, Maxim Klyus, Luis Miguel Contreras, Gregory Mirsky, Zitao Wang, Jing Zhao, Kireeti Kompella, Eric Rosen, Aijun Wang, Michael Scharf, Xufeng Liu, David Ball, Lucy Yong, Jean-Philippe Landry and Andrew Leu for the contributions to the document. 13.IANA Considerations IANAis requested to assignhas assigned a new URI from theIETF"IETF XMLregistry ([RFC3688]). Authors are suggesting the following URI: ID: yang:ietf-l3vpn-svcRegistry" [RFC3688]. URI: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-l3vpn-svcFilename: [ TBD-at-registration ] Reference: [ RFC-to-be ]Registrant Contact:L3SM WGThe IESG XML:N/A,N/A; the requested URI is an XMLnamespacenamespace. This documentalso requestsadds a new YANG module name in theYANG"YANG ModuleNamesNames" registry([RFC7950]) with the following suggestion:[RFC6020]: Name: ietf-l3vpn-svc Namespace: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-l3vpn-svc Prefix: l3vpn-svcModule:Reference:[ RFC-to-be ] 14. Change Log 14.1. Changes between versions -18 and-19 o Country code string pattern enforced to ISO ALPHA-2 code. o zip-code renamed to postal-code. o Added new address-allocation-type: provider-dhcp-slaac. o Removed transport-constraints and include transport constraints (jitter,latency, bandwidth) in the qos-profile. o qos-profile simplified with more abstraction. o added target-sites in flow-definition. 14.2. Changes between versions -17 and-18 o Removed TOS from flow matching. 14.3. Changes between versions -16 and-17 o Renamed "vpn-svc" list to "vpn-service". o Renamed "vpn-policy-list" to "vpn-policies". o Renamed "management-transport" to "address-family". o Renamed "multicast-transport" to "address-family". o Modified cloud access policy using a choice. o any-to-any-role as default site-role. o "address-family" is now an enumeration instead of identity. o cloud-access feature moved to container level. o Added "address-translation" container for cloud-access. o Renamed "customer-nat-address" to "customer-address". o New type ip:addressRFC 8049 12. References 12.1. Normative References [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for"customer-address". o "tree-flavor" moved to leaf-list. o "bsr-candidate" list moved to "bsr-candidate-address" leaf-list. o layer becomes mandatory in security-encryption. o ip-subnet mask range modified. o multicast transport constraint destination moved to leaf-list. o lan-prefixes in vpn-policy moved to leaf-list ang tag has been renamed "prefixes". o Added source and destination port range in QoS classification. o QoS classification uses more existing inet:types. o Grouping defined for site group list. 14.4. Changes between versions -15 and-16 o Rename "topology" leaf to "vpn-service-topology". 14.5. Changes between versions -13 and-14 o Choice between device reference and location reference. 14.6. Changes between versions -12 and-13 o Removed rip-ng identity (rip container has AF information) o renamed pe-dhcp to provider-dhcp o add provider-dhcp-relay identity and container o BW/MTU is now only under site-network-access o Add list of location and location ID o Site-network-access mapped to location Identifier o Add list of devices (provided by operator) requested by customer o Some management parameters moved under device list o Site-network-access mapped to device identifier 14.7. Changes between versions -11 and-12 o Fixing some 'when' statements that prevented compilation. 14.8. Changes between versions -09 and-10 o Removed templates. o Add site-network-access-type. o Add a leaf number-of-dynamic-address in case of pe-dhcp addressing. 14.9. Changes between versions -08 and-09 o Add site-vpn-flavor NNI. 14.10. Changes between versions -07 and-08 o Traffic protection moved to site level. o Decouple operational-requirements in two containers. 14.11. Changes between versions -06 and-07 o Set config false to actual-site-start and stop. o Add a container before cloud-access list. o Add a container before authorized-sites list. o Add a container before denied-sites list. o Modified access-diversity modeling. o Replacing type placement diversity by an identity. 14.12. Changes between versions -05 and-06 o Added linecard diverse for site diversity o Added a new diversity enum in placement-diversity: none o Added state to site location o remove reference to core routing model: created new address family identities o added features o Modified bearer parameters o Modified union for ipv4/ipv6 addresses to ip-address type o Add BSR parameters for multicast o Add applications matching for QoS classification 14.13. Changes between versions -04 and-05 o Modify VPN policy and creating a vpn-policy-list o Add VPN policy reference and VPN ID reference under site-network- access 14.14. Changes between versions -02 and-03 o Add extranet-vpn container in vpn-svc o Creating top level containers o Refine groupings o Added site-vpn-flavor o qos-profile moved to choice o vpn leaf moved to vpn-id in vpn-policy o added ordered-by user to qos classification list o moved traffic protection to access availability o creating a choice in matching filter for VPN policy o added dot1p matching field in flow-definition 14.15. Changes between versions -01 and-02 o A site is now a collection of site-accesses. This was introduced to support M to N availability. o Site-availability has been removed, replaced by availability parameters under site-accesses o Added transport-constraints within vpn-svc o Add ToS support in match-flow o nexthop in cascaded lan as mandatory o customer-specific-info deleted and moved to routing protocols o customer-lan-connection modified: need prefix and CE address o add choice in managing PE-CE addressing o Simplifying traffic protection o Refine groupings for vpn-svc o Removed name in vpn-svc o id in vpn-svc moved to string o Rename id in vpn-svc to vpn-id o Changed key of vpn-svc list to vpn-id o Add DSCP support in flow definition o Removed ACL from security o Add FW for site and cloud access 14.16. Changes between versions -00 and-01 o Creating multiple reusable groupings o Added mpls leaf in vpn-svc for carrier's carrier case o Modify identity single to single-site o Modify site-type to site-role and also child identities. o Creating OAM container under site and moved BFD in. o Creating flow-definition grouping to be reused in ACL, QoS ... o Simplified VPN policy. o Adding multicast static group to RP mappings. o Removed native-vpn and site-role from global site cfg, now managed within the VPN policy. o Creating a separate list for site templates. 15. References 15.1. Normative References [I-D.ietf-netconf-restconf] Bierman, A., Bjorklund, M., and K. Watsen, "RESTCONF Protocol", draft-ietf-netconf-restconf-18 (work in progress), October 2016. [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for useuse in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, DOI10.17487/ RFC2119,10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>. [RFC3688] Mealling, M., "The IETF XML Registry", BCP 81, RFC 3688, DOI 10.17487/RFC3688, January 2004, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3688>. [RFC4026] Andersson, L. and T. Madsen, "Provider Provisioned Virtual Private Network (VPN) Terminology", RFC 4026, DOI 10.17487/RFC4026, March 2005, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4026>. [RFC4364] Rosen, E. and Y. Rekhter, "BGP/MPLS IP Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)", RFC 4364, DOI 10.17487/RFC4364, February 2006, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4364>. [RFC4577] Rosen, E., Psenak, P., and P. Pillay-Esnault, "OSPF as the Provider/Customer Edge Protocol for BGP/MPLS IP Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)", RFC 4577, DOI 10.17487/RFC4577, June 2006, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4577>. [RFC4862] Thomson, S., Narten, T., and T. Jinmei, "IPv6 Stateless Address Autoconfiguration", RFC 4862, DOI10.17487/ RFC4862,10.17487/RFC4862, September 2007, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4862>. [RFC6020] Bjorklund, M., Ed., "YANG - A Data Modeling Language for the Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF)", RFC 6020, DOI 10.17487/RFC6020, October 2010, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6020>. [RFC6241] Enns, R., Ed., Bjorklund, M., Ed., Schoenwaelder, J., Ed., and A. Bierman, Ed., "Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF)", RFC 6241, DOI 10.17487/RFC6241, June 2011, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6241>. [RFC6513] Rosen, E.,Ed.Ed., and R. Aggarwal, Ed., "Multicast inMPLS/ BGPMPLS/BGP IP VPNs", RFC 6513, DOI 10.17487/RFC6513, February 2012, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6513>. [RFC6536] Bierman, A. and M. Bjorklund, "Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF) Access Control Model", RFC 6536, DOI 10.17487/RFC6536, March 2012, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6536>. [RFC7950] Bjorklund, M., Ed., "The YANG 1.1 Data Modeling Language", RFC 7950, DOI 10.17487/RFC7950, August 2016, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7950>.15.2.[RFC8040] Bierman, A., Bjorklund, M., and K. Watsen, "RESTCONF Protocol", RFC 8040, DOI 10.17487/RFC8040, January 2017, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8040>. 12.2. Informative References [RFC4110] Callon, R. and M. Suzuki, "A Framework for Layer 3 Provider-Provisioned Virtual Private Networks (PPVPNs)", RFC 4110, DOI 10.17487/RFC4110, July 2005, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4110>. [RFC4760] Bates, T., Chandra, R., Katz, D., and Y. Rekhter, "Multiprotocol Extensions for BGP-4", RFC 4760, DOI 10.17487/RFC4760, January 2007, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4760>. Acknowledgements Thanks to Qin Wu, Maxim Klyus, Luis Miguel Contreras, Gregory Mirsky, Zitao Wang, Jing Zhao, Kireeti Kompella, Eric Rosen, Aijun Wang, Michael Scharf, Xufeng Liu, David Ball, Lucy Yong, Jean-Philippe Landry, and Andrew Leu for their contributions to this document. Contributors The authors would like to thank Rob Shakir for his major contributions to the initial modeling and use cases. Authors' Addresses Stephane Litkowski Orange Business Services Email: stephane.litkowski@orange.com Luis Tomotaki Verizon Email: luis.tomotaki@verizon.com Kenichi Ogaki KDDI Corporation Email: ke-oogaki@kddi.com