wdiff rfc8255.alt-original rfc8255.txt

IETF
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) N. Tomkinson
Internet-Draft
Request for Comments: 8255 N. Borenstein
Intended status:
Category: Standards Track Mimecast Ltd
Expires: February 19, 2018 August 18, Mimecast, Ltd.
ISSN: 2070-1721 October 2017

Multiple Language Content Type
draft-ietf-slim-multilangcontent-14

Abstract

This document defines the multipart/multilingual 'multipart/multilingual' content type,
which is an addition to the Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions
(MIME)
standard to make standard. This content type makes it possible to send one
message that contains multiple language versions of the same
information. The translations would be identified by a language tag
and selected by the email client based on a user's language settings.

Status of This Memo

This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

Internet-Drafts are working documents an Internet Standards Track document.

This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force
(IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute
working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list It represents the consensus of current Internet-
Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid the IETF community. It has
received public review and has been approved for a maximum publication by the
Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Further information on
Internet Standards is available in Section 2 of six months RFC 7841.

Information about the current status of this document, any errata,
and how to provide feedback on it may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents obtained at any
time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

This Internet-Draft will expire on February 19, 2018.
https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8255.

This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
(http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info)
(https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
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Table of Contents

1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.1. Requirements Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. The Content-Type Header Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3. The Message Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3.1. The Multilingual Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.2. The Language Message Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.3. The Language Independent Language-Independent Message Part . . . . . . . . . . 5
4. Message Part Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
5. The Content-Language Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
6. The Content-Translation-Type Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 6
7. The Subject Field in the Language Message parts Parts . . . . . . . 7
8. Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
8.1. An Example of a Simple Multiple language email message Multiple-Language Email Message . 8
8.2. An Example of a Multiple language email message Multiple-Language Email Message with
language independent part a
Language-Independent Part . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
8.3. An Example of a complex Multiple language email message Complex Multiple-Language Email Message
with language independent part . a Language-Independent Part . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
9. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
10. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
10.1.
9.1. The multipart/multilingual MIME type . 'multipart/multilingual' Media Type . . . . . . . . . 13
10.2.
9.2. The Content-Translation-Type Field . . . . . . . . . . . 15
10.3.
9.3. The Content-Translation-Type Header Field Values . . . . . . . 15
11.
10. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
12. Changes from Previous Versions
11. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
13.
11.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
11.2. Informative References . . . . . . . 21
13.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . 18
Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . 21
13.2. Informational References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 18
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 18

1. Introduction

Since the invention of email and the rapid spread of the Internet,
more and more people have been able to communicate in more and more
countries and in more and more languages. But during this time of
technological evolution, email has remained a single-language
communication tool, whether it is English to English, Spanish to
Spanish
Spanish, or Japanese to Japanese.

Also during this time, many corporations have established their
offices in multi-cultural multicultural cities and have formed departments and teams
that span continents, cultures cultures, and languages, so languages. Thus, the need to
communicate efficiently with little margin for miscommunication has
grown significantly.

This document defines the multipart/multilingual 'multipart/multilingual' content type,
which is an addition to the Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions
(MIME)
standard, to make standard specified in [RFC2045], [RFC2046], [RFC2047],
[RFC4289], and [RFC6838]. This content type makes it possible to
send a single message to a group of people in such a way that all of
the recipients can read the email in their preferred language. The
methods of translation of the message content are beyond the scope of
this document, but the structure of the email itself is defined
herein.

Whilst this

This document depends on the identification of language in message
parts for non-real-time communication, there is a companion document
that communication. [HUMAN-LANG] is concerned
with a similar problem for real-time communication:
[I-D.ietf-slim-negotiating-human-language] communication.

1.1. Requirements Language

The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
"OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119]. BCP
14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
capitals, as shown here.

2. The Content-Type Header Field

The "multipart/multilingual" MIME subtype 'multipart/multilingual' Media Subtype allows the sending of a
message in a number of different languages with the translations different
language versions embedded in the same message. This MIME subtype Media Subtype
helps the receiving email client make sense of the message structure.

The multipart subtype "multipart/multilingual" 'multipart/multilingual' has similar semantics
to "multipart/alternative" 'multipart/alternative' (as discussed in RFC 2046 [RFC2046]) in
that each of the message parts is an alternative version of the same
information. The primary difference between "multipart/multilingual" 'multipart/multilingual'
and "multipart/alternative" 'multipart/alternative' is that when using "multipart/
multilingual", 'multipart/
multilingual', the message part to select for rendering is chosen
based on the values of the Content-Language field and optionally the
Content-Translation-Type field instead of the ordering of the parts
and the Content-Types.

The syntax for this multipart subtype conforms to the common syntax
for subtypes of multipart given in section Section 5.1.1. of RFC 2046
[RFC2046]. An example "multipart/multilingual" 'multipart/multilingual' Content-Type header
field would look like this:

Content-Type: multipart/multilingual; boundary=01189998819991197253

3. The Message Parts

A multipart/multilingual 'multipart/multilingual' message will have a number of message
parts: exactly one multilingual preface, one or more language message parts
parts, and zero or one language independent language-independent message part. The
details of these are described below.

3.1. The Multilingual Preface

In order for the message to be received and displayed in non-
conforming email clients, the message SHOULD contain an explanatory
message part which that MUST NOT be marked with a Content-Language field
and MUST be the first of the message parts. For maximum support in
the most basic of non-conforming email clients, it SHOULD have a
Content-Type of text/plain. 'text/plain'. Because non-conforming email clients
are expected to treat a message with an unknown multipart type as
multipart/mixed
'multipart/mixed' (in accordance with sections Sections 5.1.3 and 5.1.7 of RFC
2046 [RFC2046]) [RFC2046]), they may show all of the message parts sequentially
or as attachments. Including and showing this explanatory part will
help the message recipient understand the message structure.

This initial message part SHOULD explain briefly explain to the recipient
that the message contains multiple languages languages, and the parts may be
rendered sequentially or as attachments. This SHOULD be presented in
the same languages that are provided in the subsequent language
message parts.

As this explanatory section is likely to contain languages using
scripts that require non-US-ASCII characters, it is RECOMMENDED that
a UTF-8 charset is be used for this message part. See RFC 3629
[RFC3629] for details of UTF-8.

Whilst this section of the message is useful for backward
compatibility, it will normally only be shown when rendered by a non-
conforming email client, client. This is because conforming email clients
SHOULD only show the single language message part identified by the
user's preferred language and the language message part's Content-Language. Content-
Language.

For the correct display of the multilingual preface in a non-
conforming email client, the sender MAY use the Content-Disposition
field with a value of 'inline' in conformance with RFC 2183 [RFC2183]
(which defines the Content-Disposition field). If provided, this
SHOULD be placed at the multipart/multilingual 'multipart/multilingual' level and in the
multilingual preface. This makes it clear to a non-conforming email
client that the multilingual preface should be displayed immediately
to the recipient, followed by any subsequent parts marked as
'inline'.

For an example examples of a multilingual preface, see the examples in Section 8.

3.2. The Language Message Parts

The language message parts are typically translations of the same
message content. These message parts SHOULD be ordered so that the
first part after the multilingual preface is in the language believed
to be the most likely to be recognised recognized by the recipient as recipient; this will
constitute the default part when language negotiation fails and there
is no Language Independent language-independent part. All of the language message parts
MUST have a Content-Language field and a Content-Type field and field; they MAY
have a Content-Translation-Type field.

The Content-Type for each individual language message part SHOULD be
message/rfc822
'message/rfc822' to provide good support with non-conforming email
clients. However, an implementation MAY use message/global 'message/global' as
support for message/global 'message/global' becomes more commonplace. See (See RFC 6532
[RFC6532] for details of message/global. 'message/global'.) Each language message
part should have a Subject field in the appropriate language for that
language part. If there is a From field present, its value MUST
include the same email address as the top-level From header field,
although the display name MAY be a localised localized version. If there is a
mismatch of sender email address, the top-level From header field
value SHOULD be used to show to the recipient.

3.3. The Language Independent Language-Independent Message Part

If there is language independent language-independent content for the recipient to see if
they have a preferred language other than one of those specified in
the language message parts parts, and the default language message part is
unlikely to be understood, another part MAY be provided. This part
could typically include one or more language independent language-independent graphics.
When this part is present, it MUST be the last part and MUST have a
Content-Language field with a value of "zxx" (as described in BCP 47/
RFC 5646 47
[RFC5646]). The part SHOULD have a Content-Type of message/
rfc822 'message/rfc822'
or message/global 'message/global' (to match the language message parts).

4. Message Part Selection

The logic for selecting the message part to render and present to the
recipient is summarised summarized in the next few paragraphs.

Firstly, if

If the email client does not understand multipart/
multilingual 'multipart/multilingual',
then it will treat the message as if it was multipart/
mixed 'multipart/mixed' and
render message parts accordingly (in accordance with
sections Sections 5.1.3
and 5.1.7 of RFC 2046 [RFC2046]).

If the email client does understand multipart/multilingual 'multipart/multilingual', then it
SHOULD ignore the multilingual preface and select the best match for
the user's preferred language from the language message parts
available. Also, the user may prefer to see the original message
content in their second language over a machine translation in their
first language. The Content-Translation-Type field value can be used
for further selection based on this preference. The selection of the
language part may be implemented in a variety of ways, although the
matching schemes detailed in RFC 4647 [RFC4647] are RECOMMENDED as a
starting point for an implementation. The goal is to render the most
appropriate translation for the user.

If there is no match for the user's preferred language (or or there is no
preferred language information available) available, the email client SHOULD
select the language independent language-independent part (if one exists) or the first
language part (directly directly after the multilingual preface) preface if a language language-
independent part does not exist.

If there is no translation type preference information available, the
values of the Content-Translation-Type field may be ignored.

Additionally, interactive implementations MAY offer the user a choice
from among the available languages or the option to see them all.

5. The Content-Language Field

The Content-Language field in the individual language message parts
is used to identify the language in which the message part is
written. Based on the value of this field, a conforming email client
can determine which message part to display (given the user's
language settings).

The Content-Language MUST comply with RFC 3282 [RFC3282] (which
defines the Content-Language field) and BCP 47/RFC 5646 47 [RFC5646] (which
defines the structure and semantics for the language tag values).

Examples of this field could look like the following:

Content-Language: en-GB

Content-Language: de

Content-Language: es-MX, fr

Content-Language: sr-Cyrl

6. The Content-Translation-Type Field

The Content-Translation-Type field can be used in the individual
language message parts to identify the type of translation. Based on
the value of this parameter field and the user's preferences, a conforming
email client can determine which message part to display.

This field can have one of three possible values: 'original', 'human'
'human', or 'automated' although (although other values may be added in the future.
future). A value of 'original' is given in the language message part
that is in the original language. A value of 'human' is used when a
language message part is translated by a human translator or a human
has checked and corrected an automated translation. A value of
'automated' is used when a language message part has been translated
by an electronic agent without proofreading or subsequent correction.
New values of the Content-Translation-Type header field
("translTypeExt" in the ABNF) are added according to the procedure
specified in Section 10.3. 9.3.

Examples of this field include:

Content-Translation-Type: original

Content-Translation-Type: human

The syntax of the Content-Translation-Type field in ABNF RFC 5234 [RFC5234]
is:

Content-Translation-Type = [FWS] translationtype

FWS = <Defined in RFC 5322>
translationtype = "original" / "human" / "automated" /
translTypeExt
translTypeExt = 1*atext
atext = <Defined in RFC 5322>

This references RFC 5322 [RFC5322] for the pre-defined predefined rules FWS 'folding
white space (FWS)' and
atext. 'atext'.

7. The Subject Field in the Language Message parts Parts

On receipt of the message, conforming email clients will need to
render the subject in the correct language for the recipient. To
enable this this, the Subject field SHOULD be provided in each language
message part. The value for this field should be a translation of
the email subject.

US-ASCII and 'encoded-word' examples of this field include:

Subject: A really simple email subject

Subject: =?UTF-8?Q?Un_asunto_de_correo_electr=C3=b3nico_
realmente_sencillo?=

See RFC 2047 [RFC2047] for the specification of 'encoded-word'.

The subject to be presented to the recipient SHOULD be selected from
the message part identified during the message part selection stage.
If no Subject field is found found, the top-level Subject header field
value should be used.

8. Examples

8.1. An Example of a Simple Multiple language email message Multiple-Language Email Message

Below is a minimal example of a multiple language multiple-language email message. It
has the multilingual preface and two language message parts.

From: Nik@example.com
To: Nathaniel@example.com
Subject: Example of a message in Spanish and English
Date: Thu, 7 Apr 2017 21:28:00 +0100
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: multipart/multilingual;
boundary="01189998819991197253"

--01189998819991197253
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8"
Content-Disposition: inline
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

This is a message in multiple languages. It says the
same thing in each language. If you can read it in one language,
you can ignore the other translations. The other translations may be
presented as attachments or grouped together.

Este es un mensaje en varios idiomas. Dice lo mismo en
cada idioma. Si puede leerlo en un idioma, puede ignorar las otras
traducciones. Las otras traducciones pueden presentarse como archivos
adjuntos o agrupados.

--01189998819991197253
Content-Type: message/rfc822
Content-Language: en-GB
Content-Translation-Type: original
Content-Disposition: inline

Subject: Example of a message in Spanish and English
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
MIME-Version: 1.0

Hello, this message content is provided in your language.

--01189998819991197253
Content-Type: message/rfc822
Content-Language: es-ES es
Content-Translation-Type: human
Content-Disposition: inline

Subject: =?UTF-8?Q?Ejemplo_pr=C3=A1ctico_de_mensaje_?=
=?UTF-8?Q?en_espa=C3=B1ol_e_ingl=C3=A9s?=
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
MIME-Version: 1.0

Hola, el contenido de este mensaje esta disponible en su idioma.

--01189998819991197253--

8.2. An Example of a Multiple language email message Multiple-Language Email Message with language
independent part a Language-
Independent Part

Below is an example of a multiple language multiple-language email message that has the
multilingual preface followed by two language message parts and then
a language independent language-independent png image.

From: Nik@example.com
To: Nathaniel@example.com
Subject: Example of a message in Spanish and English
Date: Thu, 7 Apr 2017 21:08:00 +0100
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: multipart/multilingual;
boundary="01189998819991197253"
--01189998819991197253
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8"
Content-Disposition: inline
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

--01189998819991197253
Content-Type: message/rfc822
Content-Language: en-GB en
Content-Translation-Type: original
Content-Disposition: inline

Subject: Example of a message in Spanish and English
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
MIME-Version: 1.0

Hello, this message content is provided in your language.

--01189998819991197253
Content-Type: message/rfc822
Content-Language: es-ES
Content-Translation-Type: human
Content-Disposition: inline

Subject: =?UTF-8?Q?Ejemplo_pr=C3=A1ctico_de_mensaje_?=
=?UTF-8?Q?en_espa=C3=B1ol_e_ingl=C3=A9s?=
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
MIME-Version: 1.0

Hola, el contenido de este mensaje esta disponible en su idioma.

--01189998819991197253
Content-Type: message/rfc822; name="Icon"
Content-Language: zxx
Content-Disposition: inline

Content-Type: image/png; name="icon.png"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64

iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAADAAAAAwCAYAAABXAvmHAAAKQ2lDQ1BJQ0MgUHJvZmlsZQAA
SA2dlndUU1...

iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAADAAAAAwCAYAAABXAvmHAAAKQ2lDQ1BJQ0MgUHJvZmlsZ
QAASA2dlndUU1... shortened for brevity ...7yxfd1SNsEy+OXr76qr
997zF2hvZYeDEP5ftGV6Xzx2o9MAAAAASUVORK5CYII=

--01189998819991197253--

8.3. An Example of a complex Multiple language email message Complex Multiple-Language Email Message with
language independent part a
Language-Independent Part

Below is an example of a more complex multiple language multiple-language email
message. It has the multilingual preface and two language message
parts and then a language independent language-independent png image. The language
message parts have multipart/alternative 'multipart/alternative' contents and would
therefore require further processing to determine the content to
display.

From: Nik@example.com
To: Nathaniel@example.com
Subject: Example of a message in Spanish and English
Date: Thu, 7 Apr 2017 20:55:00 +0100
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: multipart/multilingual;
boundary="01189998819991197253"

--01189998819991197253
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8"
Content-Disposition: inline
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

--01189998819991197253
Content-Type: message/rfc822
Content-Language: en-GB en
Content-Translation-Type: original
Content-Disposition: inline

Subject: Example of a message in Spanish and English
Content-Type: multipart/alternative;
boundary="72530118999911999881"; charset="US-ASCII"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
MIME-Version: 1.0

--72530118999911999881
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

Hello, this message content is provided in your language.

--72530118999911999881
Content-Type: text/html; charset="US-ASCII"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

<html><body>Hello, this message content is provided in
your language.</body></html>

--72530118999911999881--
--01189998819991197253
Content-Type: message/rfc822
Content-Language: es-ES es
Content-Translation-Type: human
Content-Disposition: inline

Subject: =?UTF-8?Q?Ejemplo_pr=C3=A1ctico_de_mensaje_?=
=?UTF-8?Q?en_espa=C3=B1ol_e_ingl=C3=A9s?=
Content-Type: multipart/alternative;
boundary="53011899989991197281"; charset="US-ASCII"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
MIME-Version: 1.0

--53011899989991197281
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

Hola, el contenido de este mensaje esta disponible en su idioma.

--53011899989991197281
Content-Type: text/html; charset="US-ASCII"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

<html><body>Hola, el contenido de este mensaje esta
disponible en su idioma.</body></html>

--53011899989991197281--
--01189998819991197253
Content-Type: message/rfc822; name="Icon"
Content-Language: zxx
Content-Disposition: inline

Content-Type: multipart/mixed;
boundary="99911972530118999881"; charset="US-ASCII"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
MIME-Version: 1.0

--99911972530118999881

Content-Type: image/png; name="icon.png"
Content-Disposition: inline
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64

iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAADAAAAAwCAYAAABXAvmHAAAKQ2lDQ1BJQ0MgUHJvZmlsZQAA
SA2dlndUU1...

iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAADAAAAAwCAYAAABXAvmHAAAKQ2lDQ1BJQ0MgUHJvZmlsZ
QAASA2dlndUU1... shortened for brevity ...7yxfd1SNsEy+OXr76qr
997zF2hvZYeDEP5ftGV6Xzx2o9MAAAAASUVORK5CYII=

--99911972530118999881--
--01189998819991197253--

10.

9. IANA Considerations

10.1.

9.1. The multipart/multilingual MIME type 'multipart/multilingual' Media Type

The multipart/multilingual MIME type will be 'multipart/multilingual' Media Type has been registered with IANA
including a reference to this document.
IANA. This is the registration
template: template based on the template
specified in [RFC6838]:

Media Type name: multipart

Media subtype name: multilingual

Required parameters: boundary (defined in RFC2046) RFC 2046)

Optional parameters: N/A
Encoding considerations:
There are no encoding considerations for this multipart other
than that of the embedded body parts. The embedded body parts
(typically one text/plain 'text/plain' plus one or more message/*) 'message/*') may
contain 7-bit, 8-bit 8-bit, or binary encodings.

Security considerations:
See the Security Considerations section in RFC XXXX 8255

Interoperability considerations:
Existing systems that do not treat unknown multipart subtypes
as multipart/mixed 'multipart/mixed' may not correctly render a
multipart/multilingual
'multipart/multilingual' type. These systems would also be non-
compliant with MIME.

Author/Change controller: IETF

Published specification: RFC XXXX 8255

Applications that use this media type:
Mail Transfer Agents, Mail User Agents, spam detection,
virus detection modules modules, and message authentication modules.

Fragment identifier considerations: N/A

Additional information:
Deprecated alias names for this type: N/A
Magic number(s): N/A
File extension(s): N/A
Macintosh file type code(s): N/A

Person & email address to contact for further information:
Nik Tomkinson
rfc.nik.tomkinson@gmail.com

Nathaniel Borenstein
nsb@mimecast.com

Intended usage: Common

10.2. COMMON

Restrictions on usage: N/A

Author/Change controller: IETF

9.2. The Content-Translation-Type Field

The Content-Translation-Type field will be has been added to the IANA
"Permanent Message Header Field Names" registry. That entry will
reference
references this document. This is the registration template: template is below:

Header field name: Content-Translation-Type

Applicable protocol: mime MIME

Status: Standard standard

Author/Change controller: IETF

Specification document(s): RFC XXXX 8255

Related information: none

10.3.

9.3. The Content-Translation-Type Header Field Values

IANA is requested to create has created a new registry for Content-Translation-
Type titled "Content-Translation-Type
Header Field values. Values". New values must be registered using the
"Specification Required" [RFC8126] IANA registration procedure.
Registrations must include a translation type value, a short description
description, and a URI of reference to the specification.

This document also registers 3 three initial values specified below.

Value: original
Description:
Content in the original language
Reference: RFC XXXX 8255

Value: human
Description:
Content that has been translated by a human translator
or a human has checked and corrected an automated translation
Reference: RFC XXXX 8255

Value: automated
Description:
Content that has been translated by an electronic agent
without proofreading or subsequent correction
Reference: RFC XXXX

11. 8255

10. Security Considerations

Whilst it is intended that each language message part is a direct
translation of the original message, this may not always be the case
and case;
these parts could contain undesirable content. Therefore Therefore, there is a
possible risk that undesirable text or images could be shown to the
recipient if the message is passed through a spam filter that does
not check all of the message parts. The risk should be minimal due
to the fact that an unknown multipart subtype should be treated as multipart/mixed and so
'multipart/mixed'; thus, each message part should be subsequently
scanned.

If the email contains undesirable content in a language that the
recipient cannot understand and this unknown content is assumed to be
a direct translation of the content that the recipient can
understand, the recipient may unintentionally forward undesirable
content to a recipient that can understand it. To mitigate this
risk, an interactive implementation may allow the recipient to see
all of the translations for comparison.

Because the language message parts have a Content-Type of message/
rfc822 'message/
rfc822' or message/global, 'message/global', they might contain From fields which that
could have different values to from that of the top-level From field field,
and they may not reflect the actual sender. The inconsistent From
field values might get shown to the recipient in a non-conforming
email client and may mislead the recipient into thinking that the
email came from someone other than the real sender.

13.

11. References

13.1.

11.1. Normative References

[RFC2045] Freed, N. and N. Borenstein, "Multipurpose Internet Mail
Extensions (MIME) Part One: Format of Internet Message
Bodies", RFC 2045, DOI 10.17487/RFC2045, November 1996,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2045>.

[RFC2046] Freed, N. and N. Borenstein, "Multipurpose Internet Mail
Extensions (MIME) Part Two: Media Types", RFC 2046,
DOI 10.17487/RFC2046, November 1996,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2046>.
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2046>.

[RFC2047] Moore, K., "MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions)
Part Three: Message Header Extensions for Non-ASCII Text",
RFC 2047, DOI 10.17487/RFC2047, November 1996,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2047>.
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2047>.

[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.

[RFC2183] Troost, R., Dorner, S., and K. Moore, Ed., "Communicating
Presentation Information in Internet Messages: The
Content-Disposition Header Field", RFC 2183,
DOI 10.17487/RFC2183, August 1997,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2183>.
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2183>.

[RFC3282] Alvestrand, H., "Content Language Headers", RFC 3282,
DOI 10.17487/RFC3282, May 2002,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3282>.
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3282>.

[RFC3629] Yergeau, F., "UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO
10646", STD 63, RFC 3629, DOI 10.17487/RFC3629, November
2003, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3629>.

[RFC4289] Freed, N. and J. Klensin, "Multipurpose Internet Mail
Extensions (MIME) Part Four: Registration Procedures",
BCP 13, RFC 4289, DOI 10.17487/RFC4289, December 2005,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4289>.

[RFC4647] Phillips, A. and M. Davis, "Matching of Language Tags",
BCP 47, RFC 4647, DOI 10.17487/RFC4647, September 2006,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4647>.
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4647>.

[RFC5234] Crocker, D., Ed. and P. Overell, "Augmented BNF for Syntax
Specifications: ABNF", STD 68, RFC 5234,
DOI 10.17487/RFC5234, January 2008, <https://www.rfc-
editor.org/info/rfc5234>.
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5234>.

[RFC5322] Resnick, P., Ed., "Internet Message Format", RFC 5322,
DOI 10.17487/RFC5322, October 2008, <https://www.rfc-
editor.org/info/rfc5322>.
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5322>.

[RFC5646] Phillips, A., Ed. and M. Davis, Ed., "Tags for Identifying
Languages", BCP 47, RFC 5646, DOI 10.17487/RFC5646,
September 2009, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5646>.

[RFC6532] Yang, A., Steele, S., and N. Freed, "Internationalized
Email Headers", RFC 6532, DOI 10.17487/RFC6532, February
2012, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6532>.

13.2. Informational <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6532>.

[RFC6838] Freed, N., Klensin, J., and T. Hansen, "Media Type
Specifications and Registration Procedures", BCP 13,
RFC 6838, DOI 10.17487/RFC6838, January 2013,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6838>.

[RFC8126] Cotton, M., Leiba, B., and T. Narten, "Guidelines for
Writing an IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26,
RFC 8126, DOI 10.17487/RFC8126, June 2017,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8126>.

[RFC8174] Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.

11.2. Informative References

[I-D.ietf-slim-negotiating-human-language]

[HUMAN-LANG]
Gellens, R., "Negotiating Human Language in Real-Time
Communications", draft-ietf-slim-negotiating-human-
language-13 (work Work in progress), Progress, draft-ietf-slim-
negotiating-human-language-13, July 2017.

Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful for the helpful input received from many
people but would especially like to acknowledge the help of Harald
Alvestrand, Stephane Bortzmeyer, Eric Burger, Ben Campbell, Mark
Davis, Doug Ewell, Ned Freed, Randall Gellens, Gunnar Hellstrom,
Mirja Kuehlewind, Barry Leiba, Sean Leonard, John Levine, Alexey
Melnikov, Addison Phillips, Julian Reschke, Pete Resnick, Adam Roach,
Brian Rosen, Fiona Tomkinson, Simon Tyler Tyler, and Daniel Vargha.

The authors would also like to thank Fernando Alvaro and Luis de
Pablo for their work on the Spanish translations.

Authors' Addresses

Nik Tomkinson
Mimecast Ltd
Mimecast, Ltd.
CityPoint, One Ropemaker Street
London EC2Y 9AW
United Kingdom

Email: rfc.nik.tomkinson@gmail.com

Nathaniel Borenstein
Mimecast Ltd
Mimecast, Ltd.
480 Pleasant Street
Watertown
Watertown, MA 02472
North
United States of America

Email: nsb@mimecast.com