DMM WGInternet Engineering Task Force (IETF) P. SeiteInternet-DraftRequest for Comments: 8278 OrangeIntended status:Category: Standards Track A. YeginExpires: March 29, 2018ISSN: 2070-1721 Actility S. Gundavelli CiscoSeptember 25,November 2017MAGMobile Access Gateway (MAG) MultipathBinding Option draft-ietf-dmm-mag-multihoming-07.txtOptions Abstract This specification defines extensions to the Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) protocolfor allowingthat allow a mobile access gateway (MAG) to register more than one proxycare-of-addresscare-of address (pCoA) with the local mobility anchor (LMA) and to simultaneously establish multiple IP tunnels with thelocal mobility anchor.LMA. This capability allows themobile access gatewayMAG to utilize all the available access networksfor routingto route the mobile node's IP traffic. This document defines the following two new mobility header options: the MAG Multipath Binding option and the MAG Identifier option. Status ofthisThis Memo ThisInternet-Draftissubmitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. Internet-Drafts are working documentsan Internet Standards Track document. This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF).Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. The listIt represents the consensus ofcurrent Internet- Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/. Internet-Drafts are draft documents validthe IETF community. It has received public review and has been approved fora maximumpublication by the Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Further information on Internet Standards is available in Section 2 of RFC 7841. Information about the current status ofsix monthsthis document, any errata, and how to provide feedback on it may beupdated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documentsobtained atany time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." This Internet-Draft will expire on March 29, 2018.https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8278. Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2017 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents(http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info)(https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License. Table of Contents 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 32 2. Conventions and Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2.1. Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54 2.2. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54 3. Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..5 3.1. Example Call Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3.2. Trafficdistribution schemesDistribution Schemes . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 76 4. Protocol Extensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87 4.1. MAGMultipath-BindingMultipath Binding Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 87 4.2. MAG Identifier Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 4.3. New Status Code for Proxy Binding Acknowledgement . . . . 11 4.4. Signaling Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..11 5. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 6. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1312 7.AcknowledgementsReferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 8. References. . 12 7.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 7.2. Informative References . . . . . .13 8.1. Normative References .. . . . . . . . . . . 14 Acknowledgements . . . . . . .13 8.2. Informative References .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1514 1. Introduction Multihoming support on IP hosts can greatly improve the user experience. With thesimultaneooussimultaneous use of multiple access networks, multihoming brings better network connectivity,reliabilityreliability, and improved quality of communication.FollowingThe following are some of the goals and benefits of multihoming support: o Redundancy/Fault-Recovery o Load balancing o Load sharing oPreferencesPreference settings According to [RFC4908], users ofSmall-Scale Networkssmall-scale networks cantakebenefitof multihomingfrom a mobile and fixed multihomed architecture using mobile IP [RFC6275] and Network Mobility (NEMO)[RFC3963] architecture in a mobile and fixed networking environment. This document is introducing the concept of multiple Care-of Addresses (CoAs) [RFC5648] that have been specified since then.[RFC3963]. The motivation for this work is to extendProxy Mobile IPv6the PMIPv6 protocol with multihoming extensions [RFC4908] for realizing the following capabilities: ousingUsing GRE as mobiletuneling,tunneling, possibly with its key extension[RFC5845] (a possible reason to use GRE is given on Section 3.2).[RFC5845]. ousingUsing UDP encapsulation [RFC5844] in order to support NAT traversal in an IPv4 networking environment. oPrefix DelegationUsing the prefix delegation mechanism [RFC7148]. o Using thevendor specific mobility optionVendor Specific Mobility Option [RFC5094], forexampleexample, to allow the MAG and LMA to exchange information(e.g.(e.g., WAN interface QoSmetrics) allowing to makemetrics), which allows the appropriatetraffictraffic- steeringdecision. Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6)decisions to be made. PMIPv6 relies on two mobility entities: themobile access gateway (MAG),MAG, which acts as the default gateway for theend-nodeend node (either a mobile or a fixed node) attached to the MAG's access links, and thelocal mobility anchor (LMA),LMA, which acts as the topological anchor point.Point-to-point links are established, using IP-in-IP tunnels,IP tunnel is created with any one of the supported encapsulation mode between the MAG and the LMA. Then, the MAG and LMAare distributingdistribute the end node's traffic over these tunnels. All PMIPv6 operations are performed on behalf of theend-nodeend node and itscorespondent node,correspondent node. Thus, itthusmakes PMIPv6 well adapted to multihomed architecture as considered in [RFC4908]. Taking the LTE and WLAN networking environments asan example,examples, thePMIPv6 basedPMIPv6-based multihomed architecture is depictedonin Figure 1.Flow-1,2In this example, IP flows, Flow-1 and3Flow-3 aredistributed either onrouted over Tunnel-1(over LTE) or Tunnel-2 (over WLAN), whileand Flow-2 is routed over Tunnel-2. However, IP traffic belonging to Flow-4 isspreaddistributed on both Tunnel-1 and2.Tunnel-2 paths. Flow-1 | |Flow-2 _----_ | | CoA-1 _( )_ Tunnel-1 Flow-1 | | .---=======( LTE )========\Flow-1Flow-3 | | | (_ _)\Flow-4\ Flow-4 | | | '----' \ | | +=====+ \ +=====+ _----_ | '-| | \ | | _( )_ '---| MAG | | LMA |-( Internet )-- .---| | | | (_ _) | .-| | / | | '----' | | +=====+ / +=====+ | | | _----_ / | | | CoA-2 _( )_ Tunnel-2 / | | .---=======( WLAN )========/ Flow-2 | | (_ _)Flow-3Flow-4 | | '----' |Flow-3 | Flow0-4 Figure 1: Multihomed MAGusingUsing Proxy Mobile IPv6 The current version ofProxy Mobile IPv6PMIPv6 does not allow a MAG to register more than oneproxy Care-of-AdressepCoA to the LMA. In other words, only one MAG/LMA link,i.e.i.e., IP-in-IP tunnel, can be used at the same time. This document overcomes this limitation by defining the multipleproxy Care-of Addresses (pCoAs)pCoAs extension forProxy Mobile IPv6.PMIPv6. 2. Conventions and Terminology 2.1. Conventions The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described inRFC 2119 [RFC2119].BCP 14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here. 2.2. TerminologyAll mobility relatedAll mobility-related terms used in this document are to be interpreted as defined in [RFC5213],[RFC5844][RFC5844], and [RFC7148]. Additionally, this document uses the followingterms:term: IP-in-IP IP-within-IP encapsulation[RFC2473],[RFC2473] [RFC4213] 3. Overview 3.1. Example Call Flow Figure 2 is thecallflowcall flow detailing multi-access support with PMIPv6. The MAG in this example scenario is equipped with both WLAN and LTE interfaces and is also configured with the multihoming functionality. The steps of thecallflowcall flow are as follows: Steps (1) and (2):theThe MAG attaches to both WLAN and LTEnetworks;networks. Then, the MAG obtainsrespectivelytwo differentproxy care-of-addresses (pCoA).pCoAs, respectfully. Step (3): The MAG sends, over theWLANLTE access, a Proxy Binding Update (PBU)message,message with the new MAG Multipath Binding (MMB) and MAG Network Access Identifier (MAG-NAI) options to the LMA. The request can be for a physical mobile node attached to theMAG,MAG or for a logical mobile node configured on the mobilenode.access gateway. A logical mobile node isALWAYS- ATTACHEDa logical representation of a mobile node in the form of a configuration that is always enabled on the MAG. The mobility session that is created(i.e.(i.e., create a Binding CacheEntry)Entry (BCE)) on the LMA will be marked with multipath support. Step (4):theThe LMA sends back a Proxy Binding Acknowledgement (PBA) including theHNPHome Network Prefix (HNP) and other session parameters allocated for that mobility session. Step (5): IP tunnel(IP-in-IP, GRE ...)is created between the MAG and the LMA over LTE access with any one of theWLAN access.supported encapsulation modes. Steps (6) to (8): The MAG repeats steps (3) to (5) on theLTEWLAN access. The MAG includes the HNP, received on step (4) in the PBU. The LMAupdateupdates its binding cache by creating a new mobility session for this MAG. Steps (9) and (10): The IP hosts MN_1 and MN_2 are assigned IP addresses from the mobile network prefix delegated to the MAG by theMAG.LMA. +=====+ +=====+ +=====+ +=====+ +=====+ +=====+ | MN_1| | MN_2| | MAG | | WLAN| | LTE | | LMA | +=====+ +=====+ +=====+ +=====+ +=====+ +=====+ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | (1) ATTACH | | | | | | <--------> | | | | | | (2) ATTACH | | | | | <---------------------->| | | | | (3) PBU (MAG-NAI, MMB, ...) | | | | ------------------------*-------------->| | | | | | | | Accept PBU | | | (allocate HNP, | | | create BCE) | | | (4) PBA (MMB, ...) | | | | <-----------------------*---------------| | | | (5) TUNNEL INTERFACE CREATION overWLANLTE | | | |-============== TUNNEL ==*==============-| | | | | | | | (6) PBU (MAG-NAI, MMB, ...) | | | | -----------*--------------------------->| | | | | | | | Accept PBU | | | (update BCE) | | | (7) PBA (MMB, ...) | | | | <----------*--------------------------- | | | | (8) TUNNEL INTERFACE CREATION overLTEWLAN | | | |-===========*== TUNNEL =================-| | (9) ATTACH | | | <---------------> | | | |(10) ATTACH| | | |<--------> | | Figure 2: Functional Separation of the Control and UserPlanePlanes 3.2. Trafficdistribution schemesDistribution Schemes When the MAG has registered a multipath binding with the LMA, there will be multiple established overlay tunnels between them. The MAG and the LMA can use any one, ormoremore, of the availabletunnelstunnel paths for routing the mobile node's IP traffic. This specification does notrecommend,recommend or define any specific traffic distributionscheme, howeverscheme. However, it identifies two well-known approaches that implementations can potentially use. These approachesare, Per-floware per-flow andPer-packet Trafficper-packet traffic distribution schemes. Per-Flow Traffic Distribution: o In thisapproachapproach, the MAG and the LMA associate each of the IP flows (upstream and downstream)towith a specific tunnel path. The packets in a given IP flow are always routed on the same overlay tunnel path; they are never split and routed concurrently on more than one tunnel path. It is possible for a given flowmayto be moved from one tunnel path to another, but the flow is never split. The decision to bind a given IP flow to a specific tunnel path is based on the traffic distribution policy. This traffic distribution policy is either statically configured on both the MAG and theLMA,LMA or dynamically negotiated overProxy Mobile IPv6PMIPv6 signaling. The Flow Binding extension [RFC6089] and Traffic Selectors for Flow Bindings [RFC6088]definesdefine the mechanism and the semantics for exchanging the traffic policy between two tunnelpeers andpeers; the same mechanism and the mobility options are used here. Per-Packet Traffic Distribution: o In this approach, packets belonging to a given IP flow will be split and routed across more than one tunnelpaths.path. The exact approach for trafficdistribution,distribution or the distribution weights is outside the scope of this specification. In a very simplistic approach, assuming that the established tunnel paths have symmetric characteristics, the packets can be equally distributed on all the available tunnel paths. In a differentscenarioscenario, when the links have different speeds, the chosen approach can be based on weighted distribution(Ex:(e.g., n:m ratio). However, in any of these chosen approaches, implementations have to be sensitive to issues related to asymmetric link characteristics and the resulting issues such asre-ordering, bufferingreordering, buffering, and the impactto theon application performance. Care must be taken to ensure that there is no negative impacttoon the application performance due to the use of this approach. 4. Protocol Extensions 4.1. MAGMultipath-BindingMultipath Binding Option The MAGMultipath-BindingMultipath Binding option is a new mobility header option defined for use withProxy Binding UpdatePBU andProxy Binding AcknowledgementPBA messages exchanged between thelocal mobility anchorLMA and themobile access gateway.MAG. This mobility header option is used for requesting multipath support. It indicates that themobile access gatewayMAG is requesting that thelocal mobility anchor toLMA register the currentcare-of addressCoA associated with the request as one of the manycare-addressesCoAs through which themobile access gatewayMAG can be reached. It is also used for carrying the information related to the access network associated with thecare-of address.CoA. The MAGMultipath-BindingMultipath Binding optionhas andoes not have any alignmentrequirement of 8n+2.requirement. Its format is as shown in Figure 3: 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Type | Length | If-ATT | If-Label | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |Binding-IdBinding ID |B|O|RESERVEDReserved | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Figure 3: MAG Multipath Binding Option Type<IANA-1> To be assigned by IANA.Type: MAG Multipath Binding (63) Length 8-bit unsigned integer indicating the length of the option in octets, excluding thetypeType andlengthLength fields. Interface Access-Technology Type (If-ATT) This 8-bit field identifies the Access-Technology type of the interface through which the mobile node is connected. The permitted values for this are from the Access Technology Type registry <https://www.iana.org/assignments/mobility-parameters/> defined in [RFC5213]. Interface Label (If-Label) This 8-bit unsigned integer represents the interface label. The interface label is an identifier configured on the WAN interface of the MAG. All the WAN interfaces of the MAG that are used for sending PBU messages are configured with a label. The labels merely identify the type of WAN interface and are primarily used inApplication routingapplication-routing policies. For example, a Wi-Fiinterfacesinterface can be configured with a labelRED"9" andaan LTE interface with a labelBLUE."11". Furthermore, the same label may be configured on two WAN interfaces of similar characteristics(Ex: Two(e.g., two Ethernet interfaces with the same label).InterfacesInterface labels are signaled from the MAG to the LMA in the PBU messages and both the LMA and MAG will be able to mark each of the dynamically created Binding/Tunnel with the associated label. These labels are used in generating consistentapplication routingapplication-routing rules on the both the LMA and the MAG. For example, there can be a policy requiring HTTP packets to be routed over an interface that hasLabel RED,the interface label of "9", and if any of theREDinterfaces with interface label "9" are not available, the traffic needs to be routed over theBLUE interface.interface with the interface label "11". The MAG and the LMA will be able to apply thisRouting Rulerouting rule with the exchange ofLabelsinterface labels in PBU messages and by associating the application flows to tunnels with the matching interface labels.Binding-IdentifierBinding Identifier (BID) This 8-bit unsigned integer is used for identifying the binding. The permitted values are 1 through 254. Thevalues,values 0 and 255 are reserved. The MAG identifies each of the mobile node'sbindingbindings with a unique identifier. The MAG includes the identifier in the PBUmessage andmessage; when the PBU request is accepted by the LMA, the resultingBindingbinding is associated with thisbinding identifier.BID in the mobile node's Binding Cache entry. Bulk Re-registration Flag (B)This flag, ifIf set to a value of (1),is to notifythis flag notifies thelocal mobility anchorLMA to consider thisrequestas a request to update the binding lifetime of all the mobile node'sbindings,bindings upon accepting this specific request.ThisThe (B) flag MUST NOT be set to a value of(1),(1) if the value of the Registration OverwriteFlag(O) flag is set to a value of (1).BindingRegistration Overwrite (O) This flag, if set to a value of (1), notifies thelocal mobility anchorLMA that upon accepting this request, it should replace all of the mobile node's existing bindings with this binding. This flag MUST NOT be set to a value of(1),(1) if the value of the BulkRe- registrationRe-registration Flag (B) is set to a value of (1). This flag MUST be set to a value of(0),(0) inde-registrationDe-Registration requests. Reserved This field is unused in this specification. The value MUST be set to zero (0) by the sender and MUST be ignored by the receiver. 4.2. MAG Identifier Option The MAG Identifier option is a new mobility header option defined for use withProxy Binding UpdatePBU andProxy Binding AcknowledgementPBA messages exchanged between thelocal mobility anchorLMA and themobile access gateway.MAG. This mobility header option is used for conveying the MAG's identity. This option does not have any alignment requirements. 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Type | Length | Subtype | Reserved | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Identifier ... ~ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Figure 4: MAG Identifier Option Type<IANA-2> To be assigned by IANA.Type: MAG Identifier (64) Length 8-bit unsigned integer indicating the length of the option in octets, excluding thetypeType andlengthLength fields. SubtypeOne byteOne-byte unsigned integer used for identifying the type of the Identifier field. Accepted values for this field are the registered type values from theMobile"Mobile Node Identifier OptionSubtypes registry.Subtypes" registry <https://www.iana.org/assignments/mobility- parameters/>. Reserved This field is unused in this specification. The value MUST be set to zero (0) by the sender and MUST be ignored by the receiver. Identifier Avariable lengthvariable-length identifier of the type indicated in the Subtype field. 4.3. New Status Code for Proxy Binding Acknowledgement This document defines the following new Status Code value for use inProxy Binding Acknowledgement message.PBA messages. The LMA SHOULD use this error code when rejecting aProxy Binding UpdatePBU message from a MAG requesting a multipath binding.FollowingThe following is the potential reason for rejecting the request: o The LMA does not support multipath binding. CANNOT_SUPPORT_MULTIPATH_BINDING (Cannot Support Multipath Binding):<IANA-4>180 4.4. Signaling Considerations o TheMAGMAG, when requesting multipathsupportsupport, MUST include the MAG Multipath BindingOptionoption (Section 4.1) in each of the PBU messages that it sends through the different WAN interfaces. The inclusion of this option serves as a hint that the MAG is requestingMultipathmultipath support. Furthermore, the MAG Identifier option MUST also be present in the PBU message. o If the MAG is aware that the LMA supports the multipathfeaturebinding option defined in this specification and if it chooses toenableuse multiplepath feature,paths, then it can send the PBU packets for each of the paths, eithersequentially,sequentially or concurrently. However, if the MAG is not aware of the LMA capability, then itshouldSHOULD first discover the LMA capability by sending PBU packets with multipath on only one path first. This will ensure that the LMA will not beover-writingoverwriting the binding of one path with the other path. o If the LMA supports multipath capability as defined in this specification and if it enables the same for a mobilenode's'node's session per the MAG's request, then the LMA MUST include the Multipath BindingOptionoption (Section4.1),4.1) without theMAG NAI Option Section 4.2MAG-NAI option (Section 4.2) in the corresponding PBA reply. o If the LMA is a legacy LMA that does not support this specification, the LMA will skip the MAG Multipath Binding option (andMAG NAIMAG-NAI option) and process the rest of the message as specified in the baseProxy Mobile IPv6PMIPv6 specification ([RFC5213]). Furthermore, the LMA will not include the MAG Multipath Binding option (or theMAG NAI Option)inMAG-NAI option) in the PBA message. TheMAG onMAG, upon receiving the PBA message without the MAG Multipath Bindingoptionoption, SHOULD disableMultipathmultipath support for the mobile node. o If the mobile node is not authorized forMultipathmultipath support, then the LMA will reject the request by sending a PBA message with the Status field value set to CANNOT_SUPPORT_MULTIPATH_BINDING (Section 4.3). The LMAwillMUST echo the MAG Multipath Binding optionand(without theMAG NAI optionMAG-NAI option) in the PBA message. TheMAG onMAG, upon receiving thismessagemessage, SHOULD disableMultipath support for the mobile node. o If the request for multipath support is accepted, then the LMA SHOULD enablemultipath support for the mobilenode and SHOULD also echo the MAG Multipath Binding option and the MAG NAI option in the corresponding PBA message.node. 5. IANA Considerations Thisdocument requires the following IANA actions. o Action-1: Thisspecification defines a new mobilityoption,option: the MAGMultipath-BindingMultipath Binding option. The format of this option is described in Section 4.1. The type value<IANA-1>63 has been allocated for this mobility optionneeds to be allocatedfrom theMobility Options"Mobility Options" registry at <http://www.iana.org/assignments/mobility-parameters>.RFC Editor: Please replace <IANA-1> in Section 4.1 with the assigned value and update this section accordingly. o Action-2:This specification defines a new mobilityoption,option: the MAG Identifier option. The format of this option is described in Section 4.2. The type value<IANA-2>64 has been allocated for this mobility optionneeds to be allocatedfrom theMobility Options"Mobility Options" registry at<http://www.iana.org/assignments/mobility-parameters>. RFC Editor: Please replace <IANA-2> in Section 4.2 with the assigned value and update this section accordingly. o Action-3:<http://www.iana.org/assignments/ mobility-parameters>. This document defines a new statusvalue,value: CANNOT_SUPPORT_MULTIPATH_BINDING(<IANA-3>)(180) for use inProxy Binding Acknowledgement message,PBA messages, as described in Section 4.3. This valueis to behas been assigned from the "Status Codes" registry at<http://www.iana.org/assignments/mobility-parameters>. The allocated value has to be greater than 127. RFC Editor: Please replace <IANA-3> in Section 4.3 with the assigned value and update this section accordingly.<http://www.iana.org/assignments/mobility- parameters>. 6. Security Considerations This specification allows amobile access gatewayMAG to establish multipleProxy Mobile IPv6PMIPv6 tunnels witha local mobility anchor,an LMA by registering a care-of address for each of its connected access networks. This essentially allows the mobile node's IP traffic to be routed through any of the tunnel paths based on the negotiated flow policy. This new capability has no impact on the protocol security. Furthermore, this specification defines two new mobility headeroptions,options: the MAGMultipath-BindingMultipath Binding option and the MAG Identifier option. These options are carried like any other mobility header option as specified in [RFC5213]. Therefore, it inherits security guidelines from [RFC5213]. Thus, this specification does not weaken the security ofProxy Mobile IPv6 Protocol,the PMIPv6 Protocol and does not introduce any new security vulnerabilities.8.7. References8.1.7.1. Normative References [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, DOI10.17487/ RFC2119,10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>. [RFC3963] Devarapalli, V., Wakikawa, R., Petrescu, A., and P. Thubert, "Network Mobility (NEMO) Basic Support Protocol", RFC 3963, DOI 10.17487/RFC3963, January 2005, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3963>. [RFC5094] Devarapalli, V., Patel, A., and K. Leung, "Mobile IPv6 Vendor Specific Option", RFC 5094, DOI 10.17487/RFC5094, December 2007, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5094>. [RFC5213] Gundavelli, S., Ed., Leung, K., Devarapalli, V., Chowdhury, K., and B. Patil, "Proxy Mobile IPv6", RFC 5213, DOI 10.17487/RFC5213, August 2008, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5213>.[RFC5648] Wakikawa, R., Ed., Devarapalli, V., Tsirtsis, G., Ernst, T., and K. Nagami, "Multiple Care-of Addresses Registration", RFC 5648, DOI 10.17487/RFC5648, October 2009, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5648>.[RFC5844] Wakikawa, R. and S. Gundavelli, "IPv4 Support for Proxy Mobile IPv6", RFC 5844, DOI 10.17487/RFC5844, May 2010, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5844>. [RFC5845] Muhanna, A., Khalil, M., Gundavelli, S., and K. Leung, "Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) Key Option for Proxy Mobile IPv6", RFC 5845, DOI 10.17487/RFC5845, June 2010, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5845>. [RFC6088] Tsirtsis, G., Giarreta, G., Soliman, H., and N. Montavont, "Traffic Selectors for Flow Bindings", RFC 6088, DOI 10.17487/RFC6088, January 2011, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6088>. [RFC6089] Tsirtsis, G., Soliman, H., Montavont, N., Giaretta, G., and K. Kuladinithi, "Flow Bindings in Mobile IPv6 and Network Mobility (NEMO) Basic Support", RFC 6089, DOI 10.17487/RFC6089, January 2011, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6089>. [RFC6275] Perkins, C., Ed., Johnson, D., and J. Arkko, "Mobility Support in IPv6", RFC 6275, DOI 10.17487/RFC6275, July 2011, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6275>. [RFC7148] Zhou, X., Korhonen, J., Williams, C., Gundavelli, S., and CJ. Bernardos, "Prefix Delegation Support for Proxy Mobile IPv6", RFC 7148, DOI 10.17487/RFC7148, March 2014, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7148>.8.2.[RFC8174] Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC 2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174, May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>. 7.2. Informative References [RFC2473] Conta, A. and S. Deering, "Generic Packet Tunneling in IPv6 Specification", RFC 2473, DOI 10.17487/RFC2473, December 1998, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2473>. [RFC4213] Nordmark, E. and R. Gilligan, "Basic Transition Mechanisms for IPv6 Hosts and Routers", RFC 4213, DOI10.17487/ RFC4213,10.17487/RFC4213, October 2005, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4213>. [RFC4908] Nagami, K., Uda, S., Ogashiwa, N., Esaki, H., Wakikawa, R., and H. Ohnishi, "Multi-homing for small scale fixed network Using Mobile IP and NEMO", RFC 4908, DOI10.17487/ RFC4908,10.17487/RFC4908, June 2007, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4908>.7.Acknowledgements The authors of thisdraftdocument would like to acknowledge the discussions and feedback on this topic from the members of theDMM working group.Distributed Mobility Management Working Group. The authors would also like to thank Jouni Korhonen, Jong Hyouk Lee, Dirk Von-Hugo, Seil Jeon, Carlos Bernardos, Robert Sparks, Adam Roach, Kathleen Moriarty, Hilarie Orman, Ben Campbell, Warren Kumari, and Dhananjay Patki for their review feedback. Special thanks to Mirja Kuehlewind for a verythorughthorough review and suggesting many text improvements. Authors' Addresses Pierrick Seite Orange 4, rue du Clos Courtel, BP 91226 Cesson-Sevigne 35512 France Email: pierrick.seite@orange.com Alper Yegin Actility Turkey Email: alper.yegin@actility.com Sri Gundavelli Cisco 170 West Tasman Drive San Jose, CA 95134USAUnited States of America Email: sgundave@cisco.com