wdiff rfc8389.original rfc8389.txt


Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)                             Y. Fu
Internet-Draft
Request for Comments: 8389                                         CNNIC
Intended status:
Category: Standards Track                                       S. Jiang
Expires: November 30, 2018
ISSN: 2070-1721                                                   B. Liu
                                            Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd
                                                                 J. Dong
                                                                 Y. Chen
                                                     Tsinghua University
                                                            May 29,
                                                           December 2018

                   Definitions of Managed Objects for MAP-E
                     draft-ietf-softwire-map-mib-13
         Mapping of Address and Port with Encapsulation (MAP-E)

Abstract

   This memo defines a portion of the Management Information Base (MIB)
   for Mapping of Address and Port with encapsulation Encapsulation (MAP-E) for use
   with network management protocols.

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents an Internet Standards Track document.

   This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force
   (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list  It represents the consensus of current Internet-
   Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid the IETF community.  It has
   received public review and has been approved for a maximum publication by the
   Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG).  Further information on
   Internet Standards is available in Section 2 of RFC 7841.

   Information about the current status of six months this document, any errata,
   and how to provide feedback on it may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents obtained at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on November 30, 2018.
   https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8389.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2018 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1. Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   2 ....................................................2
   2. The Internet-Standard Management Framework  . . . . . . . . .   2 ......................2
   3. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3 .....................................................3
   4. Structure of the MIB Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3 .....................................3
      4.1. The mapMIBObjects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3 ..........................................3
           4.1.1. The mapRule Subtree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3 .................................3
           4.1.2. The mapSecurityCheck Subtree  . . . . . . . . . . . .   3 ........................3
      4.2. The mapMIBConformance Subtree . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4 ..............................4
   5. Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4 .....................................................4
   6. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11 ............................................12
   7. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12 ........................................12
   8.  Acknowledgements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
   9. References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
     9.1. .....................................................13
      8.1. Normative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
     9.2. ......................................13
      8.2. Informative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14 ....................................14
   Acknowledgements ..................................................15
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  15 ................................................16

1.  Introduction

   Mapping of Address and Port with Encapsulation (MAP-E) [RFC7597] is a
   stateless, automatic tunnelling tunneling mechanism for providing an IPv4
   connectivity service to end-users end users over a service provider's IPv6
   network.

   This document defines a portion of the Management Information Base
   (MIB) for use with monitoring MAP-E devices.

2.  The Internet-Standard Management Framework

   For a detailed overview of the documents that describe the current
   Internet-Standard Management Framework, please refer to section 7 of
   RFC 3410 [RFC3410].

   Managed objects are accessed via a virtual information store, termed
   the Management Information Base or MIB.  MIB objects are generally
   accessed through the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP).
   Objects in the MIB are defined using the mechanisms defined in the
   Structure of Management Information (SMI).  This memo specifies a MIB
   module that is compliant to the SMIv2, which is described in STD 58,
   RFC 2578 [RFC2578], STD 58, RFC 2579 [RFC2579] and STD 58, RFC 2580
   [RFC2580].

3.  Terminology

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
   "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
   BCP 14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
   capitals, as shown here.

4.  Structure of the MIB Module

   The Interfaces MIB IF-MIB [RFC2863] defines generic managed objects for managing
   interfaces.  Each logical interface (physical or virtual) has an
   ifEntry.  Tunnels are handled by creating a logical interface
   (ifEntry) for each tunnel.  Each MAP-E tunnel endpoint also acts as a
   virtual interface that has a corresponding entry in the Interface
   MIB. IF-MIB.
   Those corresponding entries are indexed by ifIndex.  The MAP-E MIB is
   configurable on a per-interface basis, so it depends on several parts
   (ifEntry) of the IF-MIB[RFC2863]. IF-MIB [RFC2863].

4.1.  The mapMIBObjects

4.1.1.  The mapRule Subtree

   The mapRule subtree describes managed objects used for managing the
   multiple mapping rules in MAP-E.

   According to the [RFC7597], the mapping rules are divided into two
   categories, which are
   categories: Basic Mapping Rule (BMR), (BMR) and Forwarding Mapping Rule
   (FMR).  And according  According to the section Section 4.1 of [RFC7598],
   it defines a an F-flag to specify specifies
   whether the rule is to be used for forwarding (FMR).  If set, this
   rule is used as an FMR; if not set, this rule is a BMR only and MUST
   NOT be used for forwarding.  And a  A BMR can also be used as an FMR for
   forwarding if the F-flag is set.
   So in  So, the RuleType definition of in the
   MAP-E MIB in section 5, it (see Section 5) defines bmrAndfmr to specify this scenario.

4.1.2.  The mapSecurityCheck Subtree

   The mapSecurityCheck subtree provides statistics for the number of
   invalid packets that have been identified.  There are  [RFC7597] defines two
   kinds of invalid packets which are defined in the [RFC7597] as below.

   - packets:

   o  The Border Relay (BR) will validate the received packet's source
      IPv6 address against the configured MAP domain rule and the
      destination IPv6 address against the configured BR IPv6 address.

   -

   o  The MAP node (Customer Edge, CE Edge (CE) and BR) will check that the
      received packets' packet's source IPv4 address and port is are in the range
      derived from the matching MAP Rule. rule.

4.2.  The mapMIBConformance Subtree

   The mapMIBConformance subtree provides conformance information of MIB
   objects.

5.  Definitions

   The following MIB module imports definitions from [RFC2578],
   [RFC2579], [RFC2580], [RFC2863], and [RFC4001].

      MAP-E-MIB DEFINITIONS  ::=  BEGIN

      IMPORTS
         MODULE-IDENTITY, OBJECT-TYPE, mib-2,
         Unsigned32, Counter64
            FROM SNMPv2-SMI                 --RFC2578                 --RFC 2578
         TEXTUAL-CONVENTION
            FROM SNMPv2-TC                  --RFC2579                  --RFC 2579
         ifIndex
            FROM IF-MIB                     --RFC2863                     --RFC 2863
         InetAddressIPv6, InetAddressIPv4,
         InetAddressPrefixLength
            FROM INET-ADDRESS-MIB           --RFC4001           --RFC 4001
         OBJECT-GROUP, MODULE-COMPLIANCE
            FROM SNMPv2-CONF;               --RFC2580               --RFC 2580

      mapMIB MODULE-IDENTITY
      LAST-UPDATED "201805290000Z" "201811260000Z"
      ORGANIZATION
         "IETF Softwire Working Group"
      CONTACT-INFO
         "Yu Fu
          CNNIC
        No.4
          No. 4 South 4th Street, Zhongguancun
        Beijing, P.R. China
          Beijing 100190
        EMail: fuyu@cnnic.cn
          China
          Email: eleven711711@foxmail.com

          Sheng Jiang
          Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd
          Q14, Huawei Building, Campus, No. 156 Beiqing Rd., Road
          Hai-Dian District
        Beijing, P.R. China District, Beijing 100095
        EMail:
          China
          Email: jiangsheng@huawei.com

          Bing Liu
          Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd
          Q14, Huawei Building, Campus, No. 156 Beiqing Rd., Road
          Hai-Dian District
        Beijing, P.R. China District, Beijing 100095
        EMail:
          China
          Email: leo.liubing@huawei.com

          Jiang Dong
          Tsinghua University
          Department of Computer Science, Tsinghua University
          Beijing 100084
        P.R.
          China
          Email: knight.dongjiang@gmail.com

          Yuchi Chen
          Tsinghua University
          Department of Computer Science, Tsinghua University
          Beijing 100084
        P.R.
          China
          Email: chenycmx@gmail.com"

      DESCRIPTION
       "The
         "This MIB module is defined for management of objects for
          MAP-E BRs or CEs." CEs.

          Copyright (c) 2018 IETF Trust and the persons identified as
          authors of the code.  All rights reserved.

          Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or
          without modification, is permitted pursuant to, and subject to
          the license terms contained in, the Simplified BSD License set
          forth in Section 4.c of the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions
          Relating to IETF Documents
          (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info)."
      REVISION    "201805290000Z"    "201811260000Z"
      DESCRIPTION
        "Initial version.  Published as RFC xxxx."
    --RFC Ed.: RFC-edtitor pls fill in xxxx 8389."
       ::=  {  mib-2 xxx 242  }
    --xxx to be replaced withIANA-assigned value

      mapMIBObjects OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {mapMIB 1}

      mapRule   OBJECT IDENTIFIER
         ::=  { mapMIBObjects 1 }

      mapSecurityCheck   OBJECT IDENTIFIER
         ::=  { mapMIBObjects 2 }

      -- ==============================================================
      -- Textual Conventions used Used in this This MIB module Module
      -- ==============================================================
      RulePSID ::= TEXTUAL-CONVENTION
         DISPLAY-HINT "0x:"
         STATUS       current
         DESCRIPTION
             "Indicates that the PSID Port Set ID (PSID) is represented as
              hexadecimal for clarity."
         SYNTAX       OCTET STRING (SIZE (2))

      RuleType ::= TEXTUAL-CONVENTION
         STATUS       current
         DESCRIPTION
            "Enumerates the type of the mapping rule.  It
             defines three types of mapping rules here:
               bmr: Basic Mapping Rule (Not (not Forwarding Mapping Rule), Rule)
               fmr: Forwarding Mapping Rule (Not (not Basic Mapping Rule), Rule)
               bmrAndfmr: Basic and Forwarding Mapping Rule. Rule
             The Basic Mapping Rule may also be a Forwarding Mapping
             Rule for mesh mode."
         REFERENCE   "bmr, fmr: section Section 5 of RFC 7597.
                      bmrAndfmr: section Section 5 of RFC 7597, section Section 4.1
                      of RFC 7598."
         SYNTAX       INTEGER {
             bmr(1),
             fmr(2),
             bmrAndfmr(3)
             }

      mapRuleTable OBJECT-TYPE
         SYNTAX     SEQUENCE OF MapRuleEntry
         MAX-ACCESS  not-accessible
         STATUS     current
         DESCRIPTION
            "The (conceptual) table containing rule information for
             a specific mapping rule.  It can also be used for row
             creation."
         ::=  { mapRule 1 }

      mapRuleEntry OBJECT-TYPE
         SYNTAX     MapRuleEntry
         MAX-ACCESS  not-accessible
         STATUS     current
         DESCRIPTION
            "Each entry in this table contains the information on a
             particular mapping rule."
             INDEX   {  ifIndex,
                        mapRuleID }
         ::=  { mapRuleTable 1 }
      MapRuleEntry  ::=
         SEQUENCE {
          mapRuleID                   Unsigned32,
          mapRuleIPv6Prefix           InetAddressIPv6,
          mapRuleIPv6PrefixLen        InetAddressPrefixLength,
          mapRuleIPv4Prefix           InetAddressIPv4,
          mapRuleIPv4PrefixLen        InetAddressPrefixLength,
          mapRuleBRIPv6Address        InetAddressIPv6,
          mapRulePSID                 RulePSID,
          mapRulePSIDLen              Unsigned32,
          mapRuleOffset               Unsigned32,
          mapRuleEALen                Unsigned32,
          mapRuleType                 RuleType
      }

      mapRuleID OBJECT-TYPE
          SYNTAX Unsigned32 (1..4294967295)
          MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
          STATUS current
          DESCRIPTION
             "A unique identifier used to distinguish mapping
              rules."
          ::= { mapRuleEntry 1 }

     -- The object mapRuleIPv6Prefix is IPv6 specific and hence specific; hence, it does
     -- not use the version agnostic version-agnostic InetAddress.

     mapRuleIPv6Prefix OBJECT-TYPE
          SYNTAX     InetAddressIPv6
          MAX-ACCESS read-only
          STATUS     current
          DESCRIPTION
             "The IPv6 prefix defined in the mapping rule which that will be
              assigned to CE." CEs."
          ::= { mapRuleEntry 2 }

      mapRuleIPv6PrefixLen OBJECT-TYPE
          SYNTAX     InetAddressPrefixLength
          MAX-ACCESS read-only
          STATUS     current
          DESCRIPTION
             "The length of the IPv6 prefix defined in the mapping rule
            which
              that will be assigned to CE." CEs."
          ::= { mapRuleEntry 3 }

     -- The object mapRuleIPv4Prefix is IPv4 specific and hence specific; hence, it does
     -- not use the version agnostic version-agnostic InetAddress.

      mapRuleIPv4Prefix OBJECT-TYPE
          SYNTAX     InetAddressIPv4
          MAX-ACCESS read-only
          STATUS     current
          DESCRIPTION
           " The
             "The IPv4 prefix defined in the mapping rule which that will be
              assigned to CE." CEs."
          ::= { mapRuleEntry 4 }

      mapRuleIPv4PrefixLen OBJECT-TYPE
          SYNTAX     InetAddressPrefixLength
          MAX-ACCESS read-only
          STATUS     current
          DESCRIPTION
             "The length of the IPv4 prefix defined in the mapping
              rule which that will be assigned to CE." CEs."
          ::= { mapRuleEntry 5 }

     -- The object mapRuleBRIPv6Address is IPv6 specific and hence specific; hence, it does
     -- not use the version agnostic version-agnostic InetAddress.

      mapRuleBRIPv6Address OBJECT-TYPE
          SYNTAX     InetAddressIPv6
          MAX-ACCESS read-only
          STATUS     current
          DESCRIPTION
             "The IPv6 address of the BR which that will be conveyed to CE. CEs.
              If the BR IPv6 address is anycast, the relay must use
              this anycast IPv6 address as the source address in
              packets relayed to CEs."
          ::= { mapRuleEntry 6 }

       mapRulePSID  OBJECT-TYPE
          SYNTAX     RulePSID
          MAX-ACCESS read-only
          STATUS     current
          DESCRIPTION
             "The PSID value algorithmically identifies a set of
              ports assigned to a CE."
          REFERENCE
               "PSID: section Section 5.1 of RFC 7597."
          ::= { mapRuleEntry 7 }

      mapRulePSIDLen  OBJECT-TYPE
          SYNTAX     Unsigned32(0..16)
          MAX-ACCESS read-only
          STATUS     current
          DESCRIPTION
             "The bit length value of the number of significant bits in
              the PSID field.  When it is set to 0, the PSID
              field is to be ignored."
          ::= { mapRuleEntry 8 }

      mapRuleOffset OBJECT-TYPE
          SYNTAX     Unsigned32(0..15)
          MAX-ACCESS read-only
          STATUS     current
          DESCRIPTION
             "The number of the mapRuleOffset is 6 by default as to
              exclude the System system ports (0-1023).  It is provided via
              the Rule Port Mapping Parameters in the Basic Mapping
              Rule."
          DEFVAL {6}
          ::= { mapRuleEntry 9 }

      mapRuleEALen OBJECT-TYPE
          SYNTAX     Unsigned32(0..48)
          MAX-ACCESS read-only
          STATUS     current
          DESCRIPTION
             "The length of the Embedded-Address Embedded Address (EA) defined in
              mapping rule which that will be assigned to CE." CEs."
         REFERENCE
               "EA: section Section 3 of RFC 7597."
          ::= { mapRuleEntry 10 }

     mapRuleType OBJECT-TYPE
          SYNTAX     RuleType
          MAX-ACCESS read-only
          STATUS     current
          DESCRIPTION
             "Indicates the type of mapping rule.
              '1' represents a BMR.
              '2' represents a FMR and an FMR.
              '3' is for represents a BMR which that is also an FMR for mesh mode."
           REFERENCE
               "bmr, fmr: section Section 5 of RFC 7597.
                bmrAndfmr: section Section 5 of RFC 7597, section Section 4.1 of
                RFC 7598."
          ::= { mapRuleEntry 11 }

      mapSecurityCheckTable OBJECT-TYPE
         SYNTAX     SEQUENCE OF MapSecurityCheckEntry
         MAX-ACCESS  not-accessible
         STATUS     current
         DESCRIPTION
            "The (conceptual) table containing information on
             MAP security checks.  This table can be used for
             statistics on the number of invalid packets that
             have been identified."
         ::=  { mapSecurityCheck 1 }

      mapSecurityCheckEntry OBJECT-TYPE
         SYNTAX     MapSecurityCheckEntry
         MAX-ACCESS  not-accessible
         STATUS     current
         DESCRIPTION
            "Each entry in this table contains information on a
             particular MAP SecurityCheck." security check."
             INDEX   { ifIndex }
         ::=  { mapSecurityCheckTable 1 }

      MapSecurityCheckEntry  ::=
         SEQUENCE {
          mapSecurityCheckInvalidv4       Counter64,
          mapSecurityCheckInvalidv6       Counter64
      }

      mapSecurityCheckInvalidv4 OBJECT-TYPE
          SYNTAX     Counter64
          MAX-ACCESS read-only
          STATUS     current
          DESCRIPTION
             "Indicates the number of received IPv4 packets
            which
              that do not have a payload source IPv4 address or
              port within the range defined in the matching MAP
              rule.  It is corresponding corresponds to the second kind of
              invalid packets packet described in section Section 4.1.2."
          ::= { mapSecurityCheckEntry 1 }

      mapSecurityCheckInvalidv6 OBJECT-TYPE
          SYNTAX     Counter64
          MAX-ACCESS read-only
          STATUS     current
          DESCRIPTION
             "Indicates the number of received IPv6 packets which that
              do not have a source or destination IPv6 address
              matching a Basic Mapping Rule.  It is corresponding corresponds
              to the first kind of invalid packets packet described
              in section Section 4.1.2."
          ::= { mapSecurityCheckEntry 2 }

      -- Conformance Information
      mapMIBConformance OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {mapMIB 2}
      mapMIBCompliances OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { mapMIBConformance 1 }
      mapMIBGroups OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { mapMIBConformance 2 }

      -- compliance statements
      mapMIBCompliance MODULE-COMPLIANCE
         STATUS current
         DESCRIPTION
            "Describes the minimal requirements for conformance
             to the MAP-E MIB."
         MODULE -- this module
             MANDATORY-GROUPS { mapMIBRuleGroup , mapMIBSecurityGroup }
        ::= { mapMIBCompliances 1 }

      -- Units of Conformance
      mapMIBRuleGroup OBJECT-GROUP
         OBJECTS {
                 mapRuleIPv6Prefix,
                 mapRuleIPv6PrefixLen,
                 mapRuleIPv4Prefix,
                 mapRuleIPv4PrefixLen,
                 mapRuleBRIPv6Address,
                 mapRulePSID,
                 mapRulePSIDLen,
                 mapRuleOffset,
                 mapRuleEALen,
                 mapRuleType  }
         STATUS current
         DESCRIPTION
            "The group of objects used to describe the MAP-E mapping
             rule."
         ::= { mapMIBGroups 1 }

     mapMIBSecurityGroup OBJECT-GROUP
        OBJECTS {
           mapSecurityCheckInvalidv4,
           mapSecurityCheckInvalidv6 }
       STATUS current
       DESCRIPTION
          "The group of objects used to provide information on the
           MAP-E security checks."
       ::= { mapMIBGroups 2 }

       END

6.  IANA Considerations

   The MIB module in this document uses the following IANA-assigned
   OBJECT IDENTIFIER values recorded in the SMI Numbers registry:

         Descriptor        OBJECT IDENTIFIER value
         ----------        -----------------------
         MAP-E-MIB          { mib-2 XXX 242 }

7.  Security Considerations

   There are no management objects defined in this MIB module that have
   a MAX-ACCESS clause of read-write and/or read-create.  So, if this
   MIB module is implemented correctly, then there is no risk that an
   intruder can alter or create any management objects of this MIB
   module via direct SNMP SET operations.

   Some of the readable objects in this MIB module (i.e., objects with a
   MAX-ACCESS other than not-accessible) may be considered sensitive or
   vulnerable in some network environments.  This includes INDEX objects
   with a MAX-ACCESS of not-accessible, and any indices from other
   modules exposed via AUGMENTS.  It is thus important to control even
   GET and/or NOTIFY access to these objects and possibly to even
   encrypt the values of these objects when sending them over the
   network via SNMP.  These are the tables and objects and their
   sensitivity/vulnerability:

      mapRuleIPv6Prefix

      mapRuleIPv6PrefixLen

      mapRuleIPv4Prefix

      mapRuleIPv4PrefixLen

      mapRuleBRIPv6Address

      mapRulePSID

      mapRulePSIDLen

      mapRuleOffset

      mapRuleEALen

      mapRuleType
   Some of the MIB model's objects are vulnerable as because the
   information
   which that they hold may be used for targeting an attack
   against a MAP node (CE or BR).  E.g.,  For example, an intruder could use
   the information to help deduce the customer IPv4 and IPv6 topologies
   and address-sharing ratios in use by the ISP.

   The following is a list of the objects that have this vulnerability:

      mapRuleIPv6Prefix

      mapRuleIPv6PrefixLen

      mapRuleIPv4Prefix

      mapRuleIPv4PrefixLen

      mapRuleBRIPv6Address

      mapRulePSID

      mapRulePSIDLen

      mapRuleOffset

      mapRuleEALen

      mapRuleType

   SNMP versions prior to SNMPv3 did not include adequate security.
   Even if the network itself is secure (for example by using IPSec), IPsec),
   there is no control as to who on the secure network is allowed to
   access and GET/SET (read/change/create/delete) the objects in this
   MIB module.

   Implementations SHOULD provide the security features described by the
   SNMPv3 framework (see [RFC3410]), and implementations claiming
   compliance to the SNMPv3 standard MUST include full support for
   authentication and privacy via the User-based Security Model (USM)
   [RFC3414] with the AES cipher algorithm [RFC3826].  Implementations
   MAY also provide support for the Transport Security Model (TSM)
   [RFC5591] in combination with a secure transport such as SSH
   [RFC5592] or TLS/DTLS [RFC6353].

   Further, deployment of SNMP versions prior to SNMPv3 is NOT
   RECOMMENDED.  Instead, it is RECOMMENDED to deploy SNMPv3 and to
   enable cryptographic security.  It is then a customer/operator
   responsibility to ensure that the SNMP entity giving access to an
   instance of this MIB module is properly configured to give access to
   the objects only to those principals (users) that have legitimate
   rights to indeed GET or SET (change/create/delete) them.

8.  Acknowledgements

   The authors would like to thank for valuable comments from David
   Harrington, Mark Townsley, Shishio Tsuchiya, Yong Cui, Suresh
   Krishnan, Bert Wijnen, Ian Farrer and Juergen Schoenwaelder.

   This document was produced using the xml2rfc tool [RFC7991].

9.  References

9.1.

8.1.  Normative References

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.

   [RFC2578]  McCloghrie, K., Ed., Perkins, D., Ed., and J.
              Schoenwaelder, Ed., "Structure of Management Information
              Version 2 (SMIv2)", STD 58, RFC 2578,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2578, April 1999,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2578>.

   [RFC2579]  McCloghrie, K., Ed., Perkins, D., Ed., and J.
              Schoenwaelder, Ed., "Textual Conventions for SMIv2",
              STD 58, RFC 2579, DOI 10.17487/RFC2579, April 1999,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2579>.

   [RFC2580]  McCloghrie, K., Ed., Perkins, D., Ed., and J.
              Schoenwaelder, Ed., "Conformance Statements for SMIv2",
              STD 58, RFC 2580, DOI 10.17487/RFC2580, April 1999,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2580>.

   [RFC2863]  McCloghrie, K. and F. Kastenholz, "The Interfaces Group
              MIB", RFC 2863, DOI 10.17487/RFC2863, June 2000,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2863>.

   [RFC4001]  Daniele, M., Haberman, B., Routhier, S., and J.
              Schoenwaelder, "Textual Conventions for Internet Network
              Addresses", RFC 4001, DOI 10.17487/RFC4001, February 2005,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4001>.

   [RFC7597]  Troan, O., Ed., Dec, W., Li, X., Bao, C., Matsushima, S.,
              Murakami, T., and T. Taylor, Ed., "Mapping of Address and
              Port with Encapsulation (MAP-E)", RFC 7597,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC7597, July 2015,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7597>.

   [RFC7598]  Mrugalski, T., Troan, O., Farrer, I., Perreault, S., Dec,
              W., Bao, C., Yeh, L., and X. Deng, "DHCPv6 Options for
              Configuration of Softwire Address and Port-Mapped
              Clients", RFC 7598, DOI 10.17487/RFC7598, July 2015,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7598>.

   [RFC8174]  Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
              2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
              May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.

9.2.

8.2.  Informative References

   [RFC3410]  Case, J., Mundy, R., Partain, D., and B. Stewart,
              "Introduction and Applicability Statements for Internet-
              Standard Management Framework", RFC 3410,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC3410, December 2002,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3410>.

   [RFC3414]  Blumenthal, U. and B. Wijnen, "User-based Security Model
              (USM) for version 3 of the Simple Network Management
              Protocol (SNMPv3)", STD 62, RFC 3414,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC3414, December 2002,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3414>.

   [RFC3826]  Blumenthal, U., Maino, F., and K. McCloghrie, "The
              Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) Cipher Algorithm in the
              SNMP User-based Security Model", RFC 3826,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC3826, June 2004,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3826>.

   [RFC5591]  Harrington, D. and W. Hardaker, "Transport Security Model
              for the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)",
              STD 78, RFC 5591, DOI 10.17487/RFC5591, June 2009,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5591>.

   [RFC5592]  Harrington, D., Salowey, J., and W. Hardaker, "Secure
              Shell Transport Model for the Simple Network Management
              Protocol (SNMP)", RFC 5592, DOI 10.17487/RFC5592, June
              2009, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5592>.

   [RFC6353]  Hardaker, W., "Transport Layer Security (TLS) Transport
              Model for the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)",
              STD 78, RFC 6353, DOI 10.17487/RFC6353, July 2011,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6353>.

   [RFC7991]  Hoffman, P., "The "xml2rfc" Version 3 Vocabulary",
              RFC 7991, DOI 10.17487/RFC7991, December 2016,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7991>.

Acknowledgements

   The authors would like to thank the following individuals for their
   valuable comments: David Harrington, Mark Townsley, Shishio Tsuchiya,
   Yong Cui, Suresh Krishnan, Bert Wijnen, Ian Farrer, and Juergen
   Schoenwaelder.

Authors' Addresses

   Yu Fu
   CNNIC
   No.4
   No. 4 South 4th Street, Zhongguancun
   Beijing  100190
   P.R.
   China

   Email: fuyu@cnnic.cn eleven711711@foxmail.com

   Sheng Jiang
   Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd
   Q14, Huawei Campus, No.156 No. 156 Beiqing Road
   Hai-Dian District, Beijing, Beijing  100095
   P.R.
   China

   Email: jiangsheng@huawei.com

   Bing Liu
   Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd
   Q14, Huawei Campus, No.156 No. 156 Beiqing Road
   Hai-Dian District, Beijing, Beijing  100095
   P.R.
   China

   Email: leo.liubing@huawei.com

   Jiang Dong
   Tsinghua University
   Department of Computer Science, Tsinghua University
   Beijing  100084
   P.R.
   China

   Email: knight.dongjiang@gmail.com

   Yuchi Chen
   Tsinghua University
   Department of Computer Science, Tsinghua University
   Beijing  100084
   P.R.
   China

   Email: flashfoxmx@gmail.com