Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) J. Mattsson
Request for Comments: 8442 D. Migault
Category: Standards Track Ericsson
ISSN: 2070-1721 August 2018
ECDHE_PSK with AES-GCM and AES-CCM Cipher Suites
for the
Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol Version TLS 1.2 and DTLS 1.2
Abstract
This document defines several new cipher suites for version 1.2 of
the Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol and version 1.2 of the
Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) protocol. These cipher
suites are based on the Ephemeral Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman with
Pre-Shared Key (ECDHE_PSK) key exchange together with the
Authenticated Encryption with Associated Data (AEAD) algorithms AES-
GCM and AES-CCM. PSK provides light and efficient authentication,
ECDHE provides forward secrecy, and AES-GCM and AES-CCM provide
encryption and integrity protection.
Status of This Memo
This is an Internet Standards Track document.
This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force
(IETF). It represents the consensus of the IETF community. It has
received public review and has been approved for publication by the
Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Further information on
Internet Standards is available in Section 2 of RFC 7841.
Information about the current status of this document, any errata,
and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at
https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8442.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2018 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2. Requirements Notation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3. ECDHE_PSK with AES-GCM and AES-CCM Cipher Suites . . . . . . 3
4. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
5. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
6. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
6.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
6.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1. Introduction
This document defines new cipher suites that provide Pre-Shared Key
(PSK) authentication, Perfect Forward Secrecy (PFS), and
Authenticated Encryption with Associated Data (AEAD). The cipher
suites are defined for version 1.2 of the Transport Layer Security
(TLS) protocol [RFC5246] and version 1.2 of the Datagram Transport
Layer Security (DTLS) protocol [RFC6347].
PSK authentication is widely used in many scenarios. One deployment
is 3GPP networks where pre-shared keys are used to authenticate both
subscriber and network. Another deployment is Internet of Things
where PSK authentication is often preferred for performance and
energy efficiency reasons. In both scenarios, the endpoints are
owned/controlled
owned and/or controlled by a party that provisions the pre-shared
keys and makes sure that they provide a high level of entropy.
Perfect Forward Secrecy (PFS) is a strongly recommended feature in
security protocol design and can be accomplished by using an
ephemeral Diffie-Hellman key exchange method. Ephemeral Elliptic
Curve Diffie-Hellman (ECDHE) provides PFS with excellent performance
and small key sizes. ECDHE is mandatory to implement in both HTTP/2
[RFC7540] and the Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) [RFC7252].
AEAD algorithms that combine encryption and integrity protection are
strongly recommended for (D)TLS [RFC7525], and non-AEAD algorithms
are forbidden to use in TLS 1.3 [RFC8446]. [RFC8446]
forbids the use of non-AEAD algorithms. The AEAD algorithms
considered in this document are AES-GCM and AES-CCM. The use of AES-
GCM in TLS is defined in [RFC5288], and the use of AES-CCM is defined
in [RFC6655].
[RFC4279] defines PSK cipher suites for TLS but does not consider
Elliptic Curve Cryptography. [RFC4492]
elliptic curve cryptography. [RFC8422] introduces Elliptic Curve
Cryptography elliptic curve
cryptography for TLS but does not consider PSK authentication.
[RFC5487] describes the use of AES-GCM in combination with PSK
authentication but does not consider ECDHE. [RFC5489] describes the
use of PSK in combination with ECDHE but does not consider AES-GCM or
AES-CCM.
2. Requirements Notation
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
"OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
BCP 14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
capitals, as shown here.
3. ECDHE_PSK with AES-GCM and AES-CCM Cipher Suites
The cipher suites defined in this document are based on the following
AES-GCM and AES-CCM AEAD algorithms AEAD_AES_128_GCM, AEAD_AES_256_GCM, algorithms: AEAD_AES_128_GCM [RFC5116],
AEAD_AES_256_GCM [RFC5116], AEAD_AES_128_CCM [RFC5116], and
AEAD_AES_128_CCM_8 defined in [RFC6655] and AEAD_AES_128_CCM defined
in [RFC5116]. [RFC6655].
Messages and premaster secret construction in this document are
defined in [RFC5489]. The ServerKeyExchange and ClientKeyExchange
messages are used, and the premaster secret is computed as for the
ECDHE_PSK key exchange. The elliptic curve parameters used in the
Diffie-Hellman parameters are negotiated using extensions defined in
[RFC8422].
For TLS 1.2 and DTLS 1.2, the following cipher suites are defined:
TLS_ECDHE_PSK_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 = {0xD0,0x01}; {0xD0,0x01}
TLS_ECDHE_PSK_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 = {0xD0,0x02}; {0xD0,0x02}
TLS_ECDHE_PSK_WITH_AES_128_CCM_8_SHA256 = {0xD0,0x03}; {0xD0,0x03}
TLS_ECDHE_PSK_WITH_AES_128_CCM_SHA256 = {0xD0,0x05}; {0xD0,0x05}
The assigned code points can only be used for TLS 1.2 and DTLS 1.2.
The cipher suites defined in this document MUST NOT be negotiated for
any version of (D)TLS other than version 1.2. Servers MUST NOT
select one of these cipher suites when selecting a (D)TLS version
other than version 1.2. A client MUST treat the selection of these
cipher suites in combination with a different version of TLS (D)TLS as an
error and generate a fatal 'illegal_parameter' TLS alert.
Cipher suites TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256, TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,
TLS_AES_128_CCM_8_SHA256, and TLS_AES_128_CCM_SHA256 are used to
support equivalent functionality in TLS 1.3 [RFC8446].
4. IANA Considerations
This document defines the following new cipher suites for TLS 1.2 and
DTLS 1.2. The values have been assigned in the "TLS Cipher Suites"
registry defined by [RFC5246]. [RFC8446] and [RFC8447].
Value Description DTLS-OK Recommended
----- ----------- ------- -----------
{0xD0,0x01} TLS_ECDHE_PSK_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 = {0xD0; 0x01}; DTLS-OK=Y Y Y
{0xD0,0x02} TLS_ECDHE_PSK_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 = {0xD0; 0x02}; DTLS-OK=Y Y Y
{0xD0,0x03} TLS_ECDHE_PSK_WITH_AES_128_CCM_8_SHA256 = {0xD0; 0x03}; DTLS-OK=Y Y N
{0xD0,0x05} TLS_ECDHE_PSK_WITH_AES_128_CCM_SHA256 = {0xD0; 0x05}; DTLS-OK=Y Y Y
5. Security Considerations
The security considerations in TLS 1.2 [RFC5246], DTLS 1.2 [RFC6347],
PSK Ciphersuites for TLS [RFC4279], ECDHE_PSK [RFC5489], AES-GCM
[RFC5288], and AES-CCM [RFC6655] apply to this document as well.
All the cipher suites defined in this document provide
confidentiality, mutual authentication, and forward secrecy. The
AES-128 cipher suites provide 128-bit security, and the AES-256
cipher suites provide at least 192-bit security. However,
AES_128_CCM_8 only provides 64-bit security against message forgery.
The pre-shared keys used for authentication MUST have a security
level equal to or higher than the cipher suite used, i.e., at least
128-bit security for the AES-128 cipher suites and at least 192-bit
security for the AES-256 cipher suites.
GCM or CCM encryption -- even of different clear text -- reusing that reuses a nonce with a same key undermines
the security of GCM and CCM. As a result, GCM and CCM MUST only be
used with a system guaranteeing nonce uniqueness [RFC5116].
6. References
6.1. Normative References
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.
[RFC4279] Eronen, P., Ed. and H. Tschofenig, Ed., "Pre-Shared Key
Ciphersuites for Transport Layer Security (TLS)",
RFC 4279, DOI 10.17487/RFC4279, December 2005,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4279>.
[RFC5116] McGrew, D., "An Interface and Algorithms for Authenticated
Encryption", RFC 5116, DOI 10.17487/RFC5116, January 2008,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5116>.
[RFC5246] Dierks, T. and E. Rescorla, "The Transport Layer Security
(TLS) Protocol Version 1.2", RFC 5246,
DOI 10.17487/RFC5246, August 2008,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5246>.
[RFC5288] Salowey, J., Choudhury, A., and D. McGrew, "AES Galois
Counter Mode (GCM) Cipher Suites for TLS", RFC 5288,
DOI 10.17487/RFC5288, August 2008,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5288>.
[RFC6347] Rescorla, E. and N. Modadugu, "Datagram Transport Layer
Security Version 1.2", RFC 6347, DOI 10.17487/RFC6347,
January 2012, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6347>.
[RFC6655] McGrew, D. and D. Bailey, "AES-CCM Cipher Suites for
Transport Layer Security (TLS)", RFC 6655,
DOI 10.17487/RFC6655, July 2012,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6655>.
[RFC8174] Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.
[RFC8422] Nir, Y., Josefsson, S., and M. Pegourie-Gonnard, "Elliptic
Curve Cryptography (ECC) Cipher Suites for Transport Layer
Security (TLS) Versions 1.2 and Earlier", RFC 8422,
DOI 10.17487/RFC8422, Month August 2018,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8422>.
[RFC8446] Rescorla, E., "The Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol
Version 1.3", RFC 8446, DOI 10.17487/RFC8446, Month August 2018,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8446>.
6.2. Informative References
[RFC4492] Blake-Wilson, S., Bolyard, N., Gupta, V., Hawk, C., and B.
Moeller, "Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) Cipher Suites
for Transport Layer Security (TLS)", RFC 4492,
DOI 10.17487/RFC4492, May 2006,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4492>.
[RFC5487] Badra, M., "Pre-Shared Key Cipher Suites for TLS with SHA-
256/384 and AES Galois Counter Mode", RFC 5487,
DOI 10.17487/RFC5487, March 2009,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5487>.
[RFC5489] Badra, M. and I. Hajjeh, "ECDHE_PSK Cipher Suites for
Transport Layer Security (TLS)", RFC 5489,
DOI 10.17487/RFC5489, March 2009,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5489>.
[RFC7252] Shelby, Z., Hartke, K., and C. Bormann, "The Constrained
Application Protocol (CoAP)", RFC 7252,
DOI 10.17487/RFC7252, June 2014,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7252>.
[RFC7525] Sheffer, Y., Holz, R., and P. Saint-Andre,
"Recommendations for Secure Use of Transport Layer
Security (TLS) and Datagram Transport Layer Security
(DTLS)", BCP 195, RFC 7525, DOI 10.17487/RFC7525, May
2015, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7525>.
[RFC7540] Belshe, M., Peon, R., and M. Thomson, Ed., "Hypertext
Transfer Protocol Version 2 (HTTP/2)", RFC 7540,
DOI 10.17487/RFC7540, May 2015,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7540>.
[RFC8447] Salowey, J. and S. Turner, "IANA Registry Updates for TLS
and DTLS", RFC 8447, DOI 10.17487/RFC8447, August 2018,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8447>.
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Ilari Liusvaara, Eric Rescorla, Dan
Harkins, Russ Housley, Dan Harkins, Martin Thomson, Nikos
Mavrogiannopoulos, Peter Dettman, Xiaoyin Liu, Joseph Salowey, Sean
Turner, Dave Garrett, Martin Rex, and Kathleen Moriarty for their
valuable comments and feedback.
Authors' Addresses
John Mattsson
Ericsson AB
SE-164 80 Stockholm
Sweden
Phone: +46 76 115 35 01
Email: john.mattsson@ericsson.com
Daniel Migault
Ericsson
8400 Boulevard Decarie
Montreal, QC H4P 2N2
Canada
Phone: +1 514-452-2160
Email: daniel.migault@ericsson.com