NETMOD WGInternet Engineering Task Force (IETF) M. JethanandaniInternet-DraftRequest for Comments: 8519 VMwareIntended status:Category: Standards Track S. AgarwalExpires: May 10, 2019ISSN: 2070-1721 Cisco Systems, Inc. L. Huang D. BlairNovember 6, 2018 Network Access Control List (ACL)March 2019 YANG Data Modeldraft-ietf-netmod-acl-model-21for Network Access Control Lists (ACLs) Abstract This document defines a data model for Access ControlList (ACL).Lists (ACLs). An ACL is a user-ordered set ofrules,rules used to configure the forwarding behavior in a device. Each rule is used to find a match on apacket,packet and define actions that will be performed on the packet. Status of This Memo ThisInternet-Draftissubmitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. Internet-Drafts are working documentsan Internet Standards Track document. This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF).Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. The listIt represents the consensus ofcurrent Internet- Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/. Internet-Drafts are draft documents validthe IETF community. It has received public review and has been approved fora maximumpublication by the Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Further information on Internet Standards is available in Section 2 of RFC 7841. Information about the current status ofsix monthsthis document, any errata, and how to provide feedback on it may beupdated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documentsobtained atany time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." This Internet-Draft will expire on May 10, 2019.https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8519. Copyright Notice Copyright (c)20182019 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License. Table of Contents 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.1. Definitions and Acronyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43 1.2. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.3. Tree Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2. Problem Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3. Understanding ACL's Filters and Actions . . . . . . . . . . .54 3.1. ACL Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65 4. ACL YANG Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109 4.1. IETF Access Control ListmoduleModule . . . . . . . . . . . . .109 4.2. IETF Packet FieldsmoduleModule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 4.3. ACL Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 4.4. Port Range Usage and Other Examples . . . . . . . . . . . 39 5. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4341 6. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4442 6.1. URI Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4442 6.2. YANG Module Name Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4443 7.AcknowledgementsReferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45 8. References. . . 43 7.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 7.2. Informative References . . . .45 8.1. Normative References. . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Appendix A. Extending ACL Model Examples . . . . .45 8.2. Informative References. . . . . . . 46 A.1. Example of a Company's Proprietary Module . . . . . . . . 46 A.2. Linux nftables . .47 Appendix A. Extending ACL model examples. . . . . . . . . . . .48 A.1. A company proprietary module example. . . . . . . 49 A.3. Ethertypes . . .48 A.2. Linux nftables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Acknowledgements .51 A.3. Ethertypes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5259 Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6059 1. Introduction An Access Control List (ACL) is one of the basic elements used to configuredevice forwardingdevice-forwarding behavior. It is used in many networking technologies such asPolicy BasedPolicy-Based Routing (PBR),firewallsfirewalls, etc. An ACL isana user-ordered set ofrules,rules that is used to filter traffic on a networking device. Each rule is represented by an Access Control Entry (ACE). Each ACE has a group of match criteria and a group of actions. The match criteria allow for the definition of packet headers and metadata, the contents of which must match the definitions. o Packet header matches apply to fields visible in the packet such asaddress oraddress, Class of Service(CoS)(CoS), or portnumbers.number. o In case a vendor supports it, metadata matches apply to fields associated with thepacket butpacket, that are not in the packetheaderheader, such as the input interface or length of the packet as received over the wire. The actions specify what to do with the packet when the matching criteria are met. These actions are any operations that would apply to the packet, such as counting, policing, or simply forwarding. The list of potential actions is unbounded depending on the capabilities of the networking devices. Access Control List is also widelyknownsknown as ACL(pronounce(pronounced as [ak-uh l]) or Access List. In this document, Access Control List,ACLACL, and Access List are used interchangeably. The matching of filters and actions in an ACE/ACLareis triggered only after the application/attachment of the ACL to an interface,VRF,a Virtual Routing and Forwarding (VRF) interface, a vty/tty session, a QoS policy, or routing protocols, amongst various other configuration attachment points. Once attached, it is used for filtering traffic using the match criteria in the ACEs and taking appropriate action(s) thathavehas been configured against that ACE. In order to apply an ACL to any attachment point other than an interface, vendors would have to augment the ACL YANG model.Editorial Note (To be removed by RFC Editor) This draft contains many placeholder values that need to be replaced with finalized values at the time of publication. This note summarizes all of the substitutions that are needed. Please note that no other RFC Editor instructions are specified anywhere else in this document. Artwork in this document contains shorthand references to drafts in progress. Please apply the following replacements o "XXXX" --> the assigned RFC value for this draft both in this draft and in the YANG models under the revision statement. o Revision date in model, in the format 2018-11-06 needs to get updated with the date the draft gets approved. The date also needs to get reflected on the line with <CODE BEGINS>.1.1. Definitions and Acronyms ACE: Access Control Entry ACL: Access Control List CoS: Class of Service DSCP: Differentiated Services Code Point ICMP: Internet Control Message Protocol IP: Internet Protocol IPv4: Internet Protocol version 4 IPv6: Internet Protocol version 6 MAC: Media Access Control PBR:Policy BasedPolicy-Based Routing TCP: Transmission Control Protocol UDP: User Datagram Protocol 1.2. Terminology The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here. 1.3. Tree Diagram For a reference to the annotations used in the tree diagrams included in thisdraft,document, please seeYANG"YANG TreeDiagramsDiagrams" [RFC8340]. 2. Problem Statement This document defines a YANG 1.1[RFC7950]data model [RFC7950] for the configuration of ACLs. The model defines matching rules for commonly used protocols suchas,as Ethernet, IPv4, IPv6, TCP,UDPUDP, and ICMP. If more protocols need to be supported in the future, this base model can be augmented. An example of such an augmentation can be seen inthe Appendix.Appendix A. ACL implementations in every device may vary greatly in terms of the filter constructs and actions that they support. Therefore, thisdraftdocument proposes a model that can be augmented by standard extensions and vendor proprietary models. 3. Understanding ACL's Filters and Actions Although different vendors have different ACL data models, there is a common understanding of whatAccess Control List (ACL)an ACL is. A network system usually has a list of ACLs, and each ACL contains an ordered list of rules, also known asAccess Control Entries (ACE).ACEs. Each ACE has a group of match criteria and a group of actions. The match criteriaallowallows for definition of the contents of the packet headers or metadata, if supported by the vendor. Packet header matching applies to fields visible in the packet such asaddress or CoSaddress, CoS, or portnumbers.number. Metadata matching applies to fields associated with the packet,butthat are not in the packet header, such as the input interface, packet length, or source or destination prefix length. The actions can be any sort of operation from logging torate limitingrate-limiting or dropping to simply forwarding. Actions on the first matching ACE are applied with no processing of subsequent ACEs. The model also includes a container to hold overall operational state for each ACL andoperational statefor each ACE. One ACL can be applied to multiple targets within the device, such as the interface of a networking device, applications or features running in the device, etc. When applied to interfaces of a networked device, distinct ACLs are defined for the ingress (input) or egress (output) interface. Thisdraftdocument tries to address the commonalities between all vendors andcreatecreates a common model, which can be augmented with proprietary models. The base model is simple in design, and we hope to achieve enough flexibility for each vendor to extend the base model. The use of feature statements in the model allows vendors to advertise match rules they are capable and willing to support. There are two sets of feature statements a device needs to advertise. The first set of feature statementsspecifyspecifies the capability of the device. These include features such as "Device can support matching on Ethernet headers" or "Device can support matching on IPv4 headers". The second set of feature statementsspecifyspecifies the combinations of headers the device is willing to support. These include features such as "Plain IPv6 ACL supported" or "Ethernet, IPv4 and IPv6 ACL combinations supported". 3.1. ACL Modules There are two YANG modules in the model. The first module, "ietf- access-control-list", defines generic ACL aspectswhichthat are common to all ACLs regardless of their type or vendor. In effect, the module can be viewed as providing a generic ACL "superclass". It imports the second module, "ietf-packet-fields". The match container in "ietf-access-control-list" uses groupings in "ietf-packet-fields" to specify match fields such as port numbers orprotocol.protocols. The combination of 'if-feature' checks and 'must' statementsallowallows for the selection of relevant match fields that a user can define rules for. If there is a need to define a new "matches" choice, such asIPFIXIP Flow Information Export (IPFIX) [RFC7011], the container "matches" can be augmented. module: ietf-access-control-list +--rw acls +--rw acl* [name] | +--rw name string | +--rw type? acl-type | +--rw aces | +--rw ace* [name] | +--rw name string | +--rw matches | | +--rw (l2)? | | | +--:(eth) | | | +--rw eth {match-on-eth}? | | | +--rw destination-mac-address? | | | | yang:mac-address | | | +--rw destination-mac-address-mask? | | | | yang:mac-address | | | +--rw source-mac-address? | | | | yang:mac-address | | | +--rw source-mac-address-mask? | | | | yang:mac-address | | | +--rw ethertype? | | | eth:ethertype | | +--rw (l3)? | | | +--:(ipv4) | | | | +--rw ipv4 {match-on-ipv4}? | | | | +--rw dscp? | | | | | inet:dscp | | | | +--rw ecn? | | | | | uint8 | | | | +--rw length? | | | | | uint16 | | | | +--rw ttl? | | | | | uint8 | | | | +--rw protocol? | | | | | uint8 | | | | +--rw ihl? | | | | | uint8 | | | | +--rw flags? | | | | | bits | | | | +--rw offset? | | | | | uint16 | | | | +--rw identification? | | | | | uint16 | | | | +--rw (destination-network)? | | | | | +--:(destination-ipv4-network) | | | | | +--rw destination-ipv4-network? | | | | | inet:ipv4-prefix | | | | +--rw (source-network)? | | | | +--:(source-ipv4-network) | | | | +--rw source-ipv4-network? | | | | inet:ipv4-prefix | | | +--:(ipv6) | | | +--rw ipv6 {match-on-ipv6}? | | | +--rw dscp? | | | | inet:dscp | | | +--rw ecn? | | | | uint8 | | | +--rw length? | | | | uint16 | | | +--rw ttl? | | | | uint8 | | | +--rw protocol? | | | | uint8 | | | +--rw (destination-network)? | | | | +--:(destination-ipv6-network) | | | | +--rw destination-ipv6-network? | | | | inet:ipv6-prefix | | | +--rw (source-network)? | | | | +--:(source-ipv6-network) | | | | +--rw source-ipv6-network? | | | | inet:ipv6-prefix | | | +--rw flow-label? | | | inet:ipv6-flow-label | | +--rw (l4)? | | | +--:(tcp) | | | | +--rw tcp {match-on-tcp}? | | | | +--rw sequence-number? uint32 | | | | +--rw acknowledgement-number? uint32 | | | | +--rw data-offset? uint8 | | | | +--rw reserved? uint8 | | | | +--rw flags? bits | | | | +--rw window-size? uint16 | | | | +--rw urgent-pointer? uint16 | | | | +--rw options? binary | | | | +--rw source-port | | | | | +--rw (source-port)? | | | | | +--:(range-or-operator) | | | | | +--rw (port-range-or-operator)? | | | | | +--:(range) | | | | | | +--rw lower-port | | | | | | | inet:port-number | | | | | | +--rw upper-port | | | | | | inet:port-number | | | | | +--:(operator) | | | | | +--rw operator? operator | | | | | +--rw port | | | | | inet:port-number | | | | +--rw destination-port | | | | +--rw (destination-port)? | | | | +--:(range-or-operator) | | | | +--rw (port-range-or-operator)? | | | | +--:(range) | | | | | +--rw lower-port | | | | | | inet:port-number | | | | | +--rw upper-port | | | | | inet:port-number | | | | +--:(operator) | | | | +--rw operator? operator | | | | +--rw port | | | | inet:port-number | | | +--:(udp) | | | | +--rw udp {match-on-udp}? | | | | +--rw length? uint16 | | | | +--rw source-port | | | | | +--rw (source-port)? | | | | | +--:(range-or-operator) | | | | | +--rw (port-range-or-operator)? | | | | | +--:(range) | | | | | | +--rw lower-port | | | | | | | inet:port-number | | | | | | +--rw upper-port | | | | | | inet:port-number | | | | | +--:(operator) | | | | | +--rw operator? operator | | | | | +--rw port | | | | | inet:port-number | | | | +--rw destination-port | | | | +--rw (destination-port)? | | | | +--:(range-or-operator) | | | | +--rw (port-range-or-operator)? | | | | +--:(range) | | | | | +--rw lower-port | | | | | | inet:port-number | | | | | +--rw upper-port | | | | | inet:port-number | | | | +--:(operator) | | | | +--rw operator? operator | | | | +--rw port | | | | inet:port-number | | | +--:(icmp) | | | +--rw icmp {match-on-icmp}? | | | +--rw type? uint8 | | | +--rw code? uint8 | | | +--rw rest-of-header? binary | | +--rw egress-interface? if:interface-ref | | +--rw ingress-interface? if:interface-ref | +--rw actions | | +--rw forwarding identityref | | +--rw logging? identityref | +--ro statistics {acl-aggregate-stats}? | +--ro matched-packets? yang:counter64 | +--ro matched-octets? yang:counter64 +--rw attachment-points +--rw interface* [interface-id] {interface-attachment}? +--rw interface-id if:interface-ref +--rw ingress | +--rw acl-sets | +--rw acl-set* [name] | +--rw name -> /acls/acl/name | +--ro ace-statistics* [name] {interface-stats}? | +--ro name | | -> /acls/acl/aces/ace/name | +--ro matched-packets? yang:counter64 | +--ro matched-octets? yang:counter64 +--rw egress +--rw acl-sets +--rw acl-set* [name] +--rw name -> /acls/acl/name +--ro ace-statistics* [name] {interface-stats}? +--ro name | -> /acls/acl/aces/ace/name +--ro matched-packets? yang:counter64 +--ro matched-octets? yang:counter64 4. ACL YANG Models 4.1. IETF Access Control ListmoduleModule The "ietf-access-control-list" module defines the "acls" container that has a list of each "acl". Each "acl" has information identifying the access list by a name ("name") and a list ("aces") of rules associated with the "name". Each of the entries in the list ("aces"), indexed by the string "name", has containers defining "matches" and "actions". The model defines several ACL types and actions in the form of identities and features. Features are used by implementors to select the ACL types the system cansupportsupport, and identities are used to validate the types that have been selected. These types are implicitly inherited by the "ace", thus safeguarding against misconfiguration of "ace" types in an "acl". The "matches" define criteria used to identify patterns in "ietf- packet-fields". The choice statements within the match container allow for the selection of one header within each of "l2", "l3", or "l4" headers. The "actions" define the behavior to undertake once a "match" has been identified. In addition to permit and denyforactions, a logging option allows for a match to be logged that can later be used to determine which rule was matched upon. The model also defines the ability for ACLs to be attached to a particular interface. Statistics in the ACL can be collected for an "ace" or for an "interface". The feature statements defined for statistics can be used to determine whether statistics are being collected per"ace","ace" or per "interface". This module imports definitions fromCommon"Common YANG DataTypes [RFC6991],Types" [RFC6991] andA"A YANG Data Model for InterfaceManagementManagement" [RFC8343]. <CODE BEGINS> file"ietf-access-control-list@2018-11-06.yang""ietf-access-control-list@2019-03-04.yang" module ietf-access-control-list { yang-version 1.1; namespace "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-access-control-list"; prefix acl; import ietf-yang-types { prefix yang; reference "RFC 6991 - Common YANG Data Types."; } import ietf-packet-fields { prefix pf; reference "RFCXXXX8519 -Network ACLYANGModel.";Data Model for Network Access Control Lists (ACLs)."; } import ietf-interfaces { prefix if; reference "RFC 8343 - A YANG Data Model for Interface Management."; } organization "IETF NETMOD (NetworkModeling Language)Modeling) WorkingGroup";Group."; contact "WG Web:http://tools.ietf.org/wg/netmod/<https://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/netmod/> WG List: netmod@ietf.org Editor: Mahesh Jethanandani mjethanandani@gmail.com Editor: Lisa Huang lyihuang16@gmail.com Editor: Sonal Agarwal sagarwal12@gmail.com Editor: Dana Blair dblair@cisco.com"; description "This YANG module defines a component thatdescribedescribes the configuration and monitoring of Access Control Lists (ACLs). Copyright (c)20182019 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, is permitted pursuant to, and subject to the license terms contained in, the Simplified BSD License set forth in Section 4.c of the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info). This version of this YANG module is part of RFCXXXX;8519; see the RFC itself for full legal notices."; revision2018-11-062019-03-04 { description "Initial version."; reference "RFCXXX:8519: YANG Data Model for Network Access ControlList (ACL) YANG Data Model.";Lists (ACLs)."; } /* * Identities */ /* * Forwarding actions for a packet */ identity forwarding-action { description "Base identity for actions in the forwardingcategory";category."; } identity accept { base forwarding-action; description "Accept thepacket";packet."; } identity drop { base forwarding-action; description "Drop packet without sending any ICMP errormessage";message."; } identity reject { base forwarding-action; description "Drop the packet and send an ICMP error message to thesource";source."; } /* * Logging actions for a packet */ identity log-action { description "Base identity for defining the destination for loggingactions";actions."; } identity log-syslog { base log-action; description "System log (syslog) the information for thepacket";packet."; } identity log-none { base log-action; description "No logging for thepacket";packet."; } /* * ACL type identities */ identity acl-base { description "Base Access Control List type for all Access Control List type identifiers."; } identity ipv4-acl-type { base acl:acl-base; if-feature "ipv4"; description "An ACL that matches on fields from the IPv4 header(e.g.(e.g., IPv4 destination address) andlayerLayer 4 headers(e.g.(e.g., TCP destination port). AnaclACL of type ipv4 does not contain matches on fields in theethernetEthernet header or the IPv6 header."; } identity ipv6-acl-type { base acl:acl-base; if-feature "ipv6"; description "An ACL that matches on fields from the IPv6 header(e.g.(e.g., IPv6 destination address) andlayerLayer 4 headers(e.g.(e.g., TCP destination port). AnaclACL of type ipv6 does not contain matches on fields in theethernetEthernet header or the IPv4 header."; } identity eth-acl-type { base acl:acl-base; if-feature "eth"; description "An ACL that matches on fields in theethernetEthernet header, like 10/100/1000baseT orWiFia Wi-Fi Access Control List. AnaclACL of type ethernet does not contain matches on fields in the IPv4 header, the IPv6headerheader, orlayerLayer 4 headers."; } identity mixed-eth-ipv4-acl-type { base"acl:eth-acl-type";acl:eth-acl-type; base"acl:ipv4-acl-type";acl:ipv4-acl-type; if-feature "mixed-eth-ipv4"; description "An ACL that contains a mix of entries that match on fields inethernet headers, entries that match onEthernet headers and in IPv4 headers. Matching onlayerLayer 4 header fields may also exist in the list."; } identity mixed-eth-ipv6-acl-type { base"acl:eth-acl-type";acl:eth-acl-type; base"acl:ipv6-acl-type";acl:ipv6-acl-type; if-feature "mixed-eth-ipv6"; description"ACL"An ACL that contains a mix of entries that match on fields inethernet headers, entries that match on fieldsEthernet headers and in IPv6 headers. Matching onlayerLayer 4 header fields may also exist in the list."; } identity mixed-eth-ipv4-ipv6-acl-type { base"acl:eth-acl-type";acl:eth-acl-type; base"acl:ipv4-acl-type";acl:ipv4-acl-type; base"acl:ipv6-acl-type";acl:ipv6-acl-type; if-feature "mixed-eth-ipv4-ipv6"; description"ACL"An ACL that contains a mix of entries that match on fields inethernetEthernet headers,entries that match on fields inIPv4 headers, andentries that match on fields inIPv6 headers. Matching onlayerLayer 4 header fields may also exist in the list."; } /* * Features */ /* * Features supported by device */ feature match-on-eth { description "The device can support matching onethernetEthernet headers."; } feature match-on-ipv4 { description "The device can support matching on IPv4 headers."; } feature match-on-ipv6 { description "The device can support matching on IPv6 headers."; } feature match-on-tcp { description "The device can support matching on TCP headers."; } feature match-on-udp { description "The device can support matching on UDP headers."; } feature match-on-icmp { description "The device can support matching on ICMP (v4 and v6) headers."; } /* * Header classifications combinations supported by * device */ feature eth { if-feature "match-on-eth"; description "Plain Ethernet ACLsupported";supported."; } feature ipv4 { if-feature "match-on-ipv4"; description "Plain IPv4 ACLsupported";supported."; } feature ipv6 { if-feature "match-on-ipv6"; description "Plain IPv6 ACLsupported";supported."; } feature mixed-eth-ipv4 { if-feature "match-on-eth and match-on-ipv4"; description "Ethernet and IPv4 ACL combinationssupported";supported."; } feature mixed-eth-ipv6 { if-feature "match-on-eth and match-on-ipv6"; description "Ethernet and IPv6 ACL combinationssupported";supported."; } feature mixed-eth-ipv4-ipv6 { if-feature "match-on-eth and match-on-ipv4 and match-on-ipv6"; description "Ethernet,IPv4IPv4, and IPv6 ACL combinations supported."; } /* * Stats Features */ feature interface-stats { description "ACL counters are available and reported only perinterface";interface."; } feature acl-aggregate-stats { description "ACL counters are aggregated over allinterfaces,interfaces and reported only per ACLentry";entry."; } /* * Attachment point features */ feature interface-attachment { description "ACLs are set on interfaces."; } /* * Typedefs */ typedef acl-type { type identityref { base acl-base; } description "This type is used to refer to anAccess Control List (ACL) type";ACL type."; } /* * Groupings */ grouping acl-counters { description "Common grouping for ACLcounters";counters."; leaf matched-packets { type yang:counter64; config false; description "Count of the number of packets matching the current ACL entry. An implementation should provide this counter on aper-interfaceper-interface, per-ACL-entry basis if possible. If an implementation only supports ACL counters on aperper- entry basis (i.e., not broken out per interface), then the value should be equal to the aggregate count across all interfaces. An implementation that provides counters on aper entry perper-entry, per- interface basis is not required to also provide an aggregate count, e.g., per entry -- the user is expected to be able to implement the required aggregation if such a count is needed."; } leaf matched-octets { type yang:counter64; config false; description "Count of the number of octets (bytes) matching the current ACL entry. An implementation should provide this counter on aper-interfaceper-interface, per-ACL-entry basis if possible. If an implementation only supports ACL counters per entry (i.e., not broken out per interface), then the value should be equal to the aggregate count across all interfaces. An implementation that provides counters per entry per interface is not required to also provide an aggregate count, e.g., per entry -- the user is expected to be able to implement the required aggregation if such a count is needed."; } } /* * Configuration and monitoring data nodes */ container acls { description "This is atop leveltop-level container for Access Control Lists. It can have one or more acl nodes."; list acl { key "name"; description "AnAccess Control List (ACL)ACL is an ordered list ofAccess Control Entries (ACE).ACEs. Each ACE has a list of match criteria and a list of actions. Since there are several kinds ofAccess Control ListsACLs implemented with different attributes for different vendors, this model accommodates customizingAccess Control ListsACLs for each kindand,and for each vendor."; leaf name { type string { length "1..64"; } description "The name of the access list. A device MAY further restrict the lengthand valueof thisname, possiblyname; space and special characters are not allowed."; } leaf type { type acl-type; description "Type ofaccess control list.ACL. Indicates the primary intended type of match criteria(e.g. ethernet,(e.g., Ethernet, IPv4, IPv6, mixed,etc)etc.) used in the list instance."; } container aces { description "The aces container contains one or moreaceACE nodes."; list ace { key "name"; ordered-by user; description "List ofAccess Control Entries (ACEs)";ACEs."; leaf name { type string { length "1..64"; } description "A unique name identifying thisAccess Control Entry (ACE).";ACE."; } container matches { description "The rules in this set determine what fields will be matched upon before any action is taken on them. The rules are selected based on the feature set defined by the server and the acl-type defined. If no matches are defined in a particular container, then any packet will match that container. If no matches are specified at all in an ACE, then any packet will match the ACE."; choice l2 { container eth { when "derived-from-or-self(/acls/acl/type, " + "'acl:eth-acl-type')"; if-featurematch-on-eth;"match-on-eth"; uses pf:acl-eth-header-fields; description "Rule set that matchesethernetEthernet headers."; } description "MatchlayerLayer 2 headers, forexample ethernetexample, Ethernet header fields."; } choice l3 { container ipv4 { when "derived-from-or-self(/acls/acl/type, " + "'acl:ipv4-acl-type')"; if-featurematch-on-ipv4;"match-on-ipv4"; uses pf:acl-ip-header-fields; uses pf:acl-ipv4-header-fields; description "Rule set that matches IPv4 headers."; } container ipv6 { when "derived-from-or-self(/acls/acl/type, " + "'acl:ipv6-acl-type')"; if-featurematch-on-ipv6;"match-on-ipv6"; uses pf:acl-ip-header-fields; uses pf:acl-ipv6-header-fields; description "Rule set that matches IPv6 headers."; } description "Choice of eitheripv4IPv4 oripv6IPv6 headers"; } choice l4 { container tcp { if-featurematch-on-tcp;"match-on-tcp"; uses pf:acl-tcp-header-fields; container source-port { choice source-port { case range-or-operator { uses pf:port-range-or-operator; description "Source port definition from range or operator."; } description "Choice of source port definition using range/operator or a choice to support future 'case' statements, such as one enabling a group of source ports to be referenced."; } description "Source port definition."; } container destination-port { choice destination-port { case range-or-operator { uses pf:port-range-or-operator; description "Destination port definition from range or operator."; } description "Choice of destination port definition using range/operator or a choice to support future 'case' statements, such as one enabling a group of destination ports to be referenced."; } description "Destination port definition."; } description "Rule set that matches TCP headers."; } container udp { if-featurematch-on-udp;"match-on-udp"; uses pf:acl-udp-header-fields; container source-port { choice source-port { case range-or-operator { uses pf:port-range-or-operator; description "Source port definition from range or operator."; } description "Choice of source port definition using range/operator or a choice to support future 'case' statements, such as one enabling a group of source ports to be referenced."; } description "Source port definition."; } container destination-port { choice destination-port { case range-or-operator { uses pf:port-range-or-operator; description "Destination port definition from range or operator."; } description "Choice of destination port definition using range/operator or a choice to support future 'case' statements, such as one enabling a group of destination ports to be referenced."; } description "Destination port definition."; } description "Rule set that matches UDP headers."; } container icmp { if-featurematch-on-icmp;"match-on-icmp"; uses pf:acl-icmp-header-fields; description "Rule set that matches ICMP headers."; } description "Choice of TCP,UDPUDP, or ICMP headers."; } leaf egress-interface { type if:interface-ref; description "Egress interface. This should not be used if this ACL is attached as an egress ACL (or the value should equal the interface to which the ACL is attached)."; } leaf ingress-interface { type if:interface-ref; description "Ingress interface. This should not be used if this ACL is attached as an ingress ACL (or the value should equal the interface to which the ACL isattached)";attached)."; } } container actions { description"Definitions"Definition ofactionactions for this aceentry";entry."; leaf forwarding { type identityref { base forwarding-action; } mandatory true; description "Specifies the forwarding action per aceentry";entry."; } leaf logging { type identityref { base log-action; } defaultlog-none;"log-none"; description "Specifies the log action and destination for matched packets. Default value is not to log the packet."; } } container statistics { if-feature "acl-aggregate-stats"; config false; description "Statistics gathered across all attachment points for the given ACL."; uses acl-counters; } } } } container attachment-points { description "Enclosing container for the list ofattachment-pointsattachment points on which ACLs areset";set."; /* * Groupings */ grouping interface-acl { description "Grouping for per-interface ingress ACLdata";data."; container acl-sets { description "Enclosing container for the list of ingress ACLs on theinterface";interface."; list acl-set { key "name"; ordered-by user; description "List of ingress ACLs on theinterface";interface."; leaf name { type leafref { path "/acls/acl/name"; } description "Reference to the ACL name applied oningress";the ingress."; } list ace-statistics { if-feature "interface-stats"; key "name"; config false; description "List ofAccess Control Entries (ACEs)";ACEs."; leaf name { type leafref { path "/acls/acl/aces/ace/name"; } description"The"Name of the acename";entry."; } uses acl-counters; } } } } list interface { if-featureinterface-attachment;"interface-attachment"; key "interface-id"; description "List of interfaces on which ACLs areset";set."; leaf interface-id { type if:interface-ref; description "Reference to the interface id listkey";key."; } container ingress { uses interface-acl; description "The ACLs applied to the ingressinterface";interface."; } container egress { uses interface-acl; description "The ACLs applied to the egressinterface";interface."; } } } } } <CODE ENDS> 4.2. IETF Packet FieldsmoduleModule The packet fields module defines the necessary groups for matching on fields in the packet includingethernet, ipv4, ipv6,Ethernet, IPv4, IPv6, andtransporttransport- layer fields. The "type" node determines which of these fields get included for any given ACL with the exception of TCP,UDPUDP, and ICMP header fields. Those fields can be used in conjunction with any of the abovelayerLayer 2 orlayerLayer 3 fields. Since the number of match criteria are very large, the basedraftspecification does not include these directly but references them by the 'uses' statement to keep the base module simple. In case more match conditions are needed, those can be added by augmenting choices within container "matches" in the ietf-access-control-list.yang data model. This module imports definitions fromCommon"Common YANG DataTypesTypes" [RFC6991] and referencesIP"Internet Protocol" [RFC0791],ICMP"Internet Control Message Protocol" [RFC0792],TCP"Transmission Control Protocol" [RFC0793],Definition"Definition of the Differentiated Services Field (DS Field) in the IPv4 and IPv6HeadersHeaders" [RFC2474],The"The Addition of Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) toIPIP" [RFC3168],, IPv6"IPv6 Scoped AddressArchitectureArchitecture" [RFC4007],IPv6"IP Version 6 AddressingArchitectureArchitecture" [RFC4291],A"A Recommendation for IPv6 Address TextRepresentationRepresentation" [RFC5952],IPv6and "Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6) Specification" [RFC8200]. <CODE BEGINS> file"ietf-packet-fields@2018-11-06.yang""ietf-packet-fields@2019-03-04.yang" module ietf-packet-fields { yang-version 1.1; namespace "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-packet-fields"; prefix packet-fields; import ietf-inet-types { prefix inet; reference "RFC 6991 - Common YANG Data Types."; } import ietf-yang-types { prefix yang; reference "RFC 6991 - Common YANG Data Types."; } import ietf-ethertypes { prefix eth; reference "RFCXXXX8519 -Network ACLYANGModel.";Data Model for Network Access Control Lists (ACLs)."; } organization "IETF NETMOD (NetworkModeling Language)Modeling) WorkingGroup";Group."; contact "WG Web:http://tools.ietf.org/wg/netmod/<https://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/netmod/> WG List: netmod@ietf.org Editor: Mahesh Jethanandani mjethanandani@gmail.com Editor: Lisa Huang lyihuang16@gmail.com Editor: Sonal Agarwal sagarwal12@gmail.com Editor: Dana Blair dblair@cisco.com"; description "This YANG module defines groupings that are used by the ietf-access-control-list YANG module. Their usage is not limited to ietf-access-control-list and can be used anywhere as applicable. Copyright (c)20182019 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, is permitted pursuant to, and subject to the license terms contained in, the Simplified BSD License set forth in Section 4.c of the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info). This version of this YANG module is part of RFCXXXX;8519; see the RFC itself for full legal notices."; revision2018-11-062019-03-04 { description "Initial version."; reference "RFCXXX:8519: YANG Data Model for Network Access ControlList (ACL) YANG Data Model.";Lists (ACLs)."; } /* * Typedefs */ typedef operator { type enumeration { enum lte { description "Less than orequal.";equal to."; } enum gte { description "Greater than orequal.";equal to."; } enum eq { description "Equal to."; } enum neq { description "Not equal to."; } } description "The source and destination port range definitions can be further qualified using an operator. An operator is needed only if the lower-port is specified and the upper-port is not specified. The operator therefore further qualifies the lower-port only."; } /* * Groupings */ grouping port-range-or-operator { choice port-range-or-operator { case range { leaf lower-port { type inet:port-number; must".'. <=../upper-port"../upper-port' { error-message "The lower-port must be less than or equal to the upper-port."; } mandatory true; description "Lowerboundryboundary for a port."; } leaf upper-port { type inet:port-number; mandatory true; description "Upperboundryboundary for a port."; } } case operator { leaf operator { type operator; defaulteq;"eq"; description "Operator to be applied on the port below."; } leaf port { type inet:port-number; mandatory true; description "Port number along with the operator on which to match."; } } description "Choice of specifying a port range or a single port along with an operator."; } description "Grouping for port definitions in the form of a choice statement."; } grouping acl-ip-header-fields { description "IP header fields common toipv4IPv4 andipv6";IPv6"; reference "RFC 791: Internet Protocol."; leaf dscp { type inet:dscp; description "Differentiated Services Code Point."; reference "RFC 2474: Definition of the Differentiatedservices fieldServices Field (DSfield)Field) in the IPv4 and IPv6headers.";Headers."; } leaf ecn { type uint8 { range0..3;"0..3"; } description "Explicit Congestion Notification."; reference "RFC 3168: The Addition of Explicit CongestionNotification.";Notification (ECN) to IP."; } leaf length { type uint16; description "In the IPv4 header field, this field is known as the Total Length. Total Length is the length of the datagram, measured in octets, including internet header and data. In the IPv6 header field, this field is known as the Payload Length, which is the length of the IPv6 payload,i.e.i.e., the rest of the packet following the IPv6 header, in octets."; reference "RFC 791: InternetProtocol,Protocol RFC 8200: Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6) Specification."; } leaf ttl { type uint8; description "This field indicates the maximum time the datagram is allowed to remain in the internet system. If this field contains the value zero, then the datagram must be dropped. In IPv6, this field is known as the Hop Limit."; reference "RFC 791: InternetProtocol,Protocol RFC 8200: Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6) Specification."; } leaf protocol { type uint8; description "Internet Protocol number. Refers to the protocol of the payload. In IPv6, this field is known as'next-header,'next-header', and if extension headers are present, the protocol is present in the 'upper-layer' header."; reference "RFC 791: InternetProtocol,Protocol RFC 8200: Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6) Specification."; } } grouping acl-ipv4-header-fields { description "Fields in the IPv4 header."; leaf ihl { type uint8 { range "5..60"; } description"An"In an IPv4 header field, the Internet Header Length (IHL) is the length of the internet header in32 bit words,32-bit words and thus points to the beginning of the data. Note that the minimum value for a correct header is 5."; } leaf flags { type bits { bit reserved { position 0; description "Reserved. Must be zero."; } bit fragment { position 1; description "Setting the value to 0 indicates may fragment, while setting the value to 1 indicates do not fragment."; } bit more { position 2; description "Setting the value to 0 indicates this is the last fragment, and setting the value to 1 indicates more fragments are coming."; } } description "Bit definitions for theflagsFlags field in the IPv4 header."; } leaf offset { type uint16 { range "20..65535"; } description "The fragment offset is measured in units of 8 octets (64 bits). The first fragment has offset zero. The length is 13 bits"; } leaf identification { type uint16; description "An identifying value assigned by the sender to aid in assembling the fragments of a datagram."; } choice destination-network { case destination-ipv4-network { leaf destination-ipv4-network { type inet:ipv4-prefix; description "Destination IPv4 address prefix."; } } description "Choice of specifying a destination IPv4 address or referring to a group of IPv4 destination addresses."; } choice source-network { case source-ipv4-network { leaf source-ipv4-network { type inet:ipv4-prefix; description "Source IPv4 address prefix."; } } description "Choice of specifying a source IPv4 address or referring to a group of IPv4 source addresses."; } } grouping acl-ipv6-header-fields { description "Fields in the IPv6header";header."; choice destination-network { case destination-ipv6-network { leaf destination-ipv6-network { type inet:ipv6-prefix; description "Destination IPv6 address prefix."; } } description "Choice of specifying a destination IPv6 address or referring to a group of IPv6 destination addresses."; } choice source-network { case source-ipv6-network { leaf source-ipv6-network { type inet:ipv6-prefix; description "Source IPv6 address prefix."; } } description "Choice of specifying a source IPv6 address or referring to a group of IPv6 source addresses."; } leaf flow-label { type inet:ipv6-flow-label; description "IPv6 Flow label."; } reference "RFC 4291: IP Version 6 Addressing Architecture RFC 4007: IPv6 Scoped Address Architecture RFC 5952: A Recommendation for IPv6 Address TextRepresentation";Representation."; } grouping acl-eth-header-fields { description "Fields in the Ethernet header."; leaf destination-mac-address { type yang:mac-address; description "Destination IEEE 802MACMedia Access Control (MAC) address."; } leaf destination-mac-address-mask { type yang:mac-address; description "Destination IEEE 802 MAC address mask."; } leaf source-mac-address { type yang:mac-address; description "Source IEEE 802 MAC address."; } leaf source-mac-address-mask { type yang:mac-address; description "Source IEEE 802 MAC address mask."; } leaf ethertype { type eth:ethertype; description "The Ethernet Type (or Length) value represented in the canonical order defined by IEEE 802. The canonical representation uses lowercase characters."; reference "IEEE802-2014802-2014, Clause9.2";9.2."; } reference "IEEE 802: IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks: Overview and Architecture."; } grouping acl-tcp-header-fields { description "Collection of TCP header fields that can be used tosetupset up a match filter."; leaf sequence-number { type uint32; description "Sequence number that appears in the packet."; } leaf acknowledgement-number { type uint32; description "The acknowledgement number that appears in the packet."; } leaf data-offset { type uint8 { range "5..15"; } description "Specifies the size of the TCP header in 32-bit words. The minimum size header is 5 words and the maximum is 15words thus giving thewords; thus, this gives a minimum size of 20 bytes and a maximum of 60 bytes, allowing for up to 40 bytes of options in the header."; } leaf reserved { type uint8; description "Reserved for future use."; } leaf flags { type bits { bit cwr { position 1; description"Congestion"The Congestion Window Reduced (CWR) flag is set by the sending host to indicate that it received a TCP segment with theECEECN-Echo (ECE) flag set and had responded in the congestion control mechanism."; reference "RFC 3168: The Addition of Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) to IP."; } bit ece { position 2; description "ECN-Echo has a dual role, depending on the value of the SYN flag. Itindicates: Ifindicates the following: if the SYN flag is set (1),thatthe TCP peer is ECNcapable. Ifcapable, and if the SYN flag is clear (0),thata packet with the Congestion Experienced flag set (ECN=11) in the IP header was received during normal transmission (added to the header by RFC 3168). This serves as an indication of network congestion (or impending congestion) to the TCP sender."; reference "RFC 3168: The Addition of Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) to IP."; } bit urg { position 3; description "Indicates that the UrgentpointerPointer field is significant."; } bit ack { position 4; description "Indicates that theAcknowledgmentAcknowledgement field is significant. All packets after the initial SYN packet sent by the client should have this flag set."; } bit psh { position 5; description "Push function. Asks to push the buffered data to the receiving application."; } bit rst { position 6; description "Reset the connection."; } bit syn { position 7; description "Synchronize sequence numbers. Only the first packet sent from each end should have this flag set. Some other flags and fields change meaning based on this flag, and some are only valid for when it is set, and others when it is clear."; } bit fin { position 8; description "Last package from the sender."; } } description "Also known as Control Bits. Contains9nine 1-bit flags."; reference "RFC 793: Transmission ControlProtocol (TCP).";Protocol."; } leaf window-size { type uint16; units "bytes"; description "The size of the receive window, which specifies the number of window size units beyond the segment identified by the sequence number in theacknowledgmentAcknowledgement field that the sender of this segment is currently willing to receive."; } leaf urgent-pointer { type uint16; description "This field is an offset from the sequence number indicating the last urgent data byte."; } leaf options { type binary { length "1..40"; } description "The length of this field is determined by thedata offsetData Offset field. Options have up to three fields: Option-Kind (1 byte), Option-Length (1 byte), and Option-Data (variable). The Option-Kind field indicates the type ofoption,option and is the only field that is not optional. Depending on what kind of option we are dealing with, the next two fields may be set: the Option-Length field indicates the total length of the option, and the Option-Data field contains the value of the option, if applicable."; } } grouping acl-udp-header-fields { description "Collection of UDP header fields that can be used tosetupset up a match filter."; leaf length { type uint16; description "A field that specifies the length in bytes of the UDP header and UDP data. The minimum length is 8 bytes because that is the length of the header. The field size sets a theoretical limit of 65,535 bytes(8 byte(8-byte header+plus 65,527 bytes of data) for a UDP datagram.HoweverHowever, the actual limit for the data length, which is imposed by the underlying IPv4 protocol, is 65,507 bytes (65,535 minus8 byte8-byte UDP header minus20 byte20-byte IP header). In IPv6jumbogramsjumbograms, it is possible to have UDP packets of a size greater than 65,535 bytes. RFC 2675 specifies that thelengthLength field is set to zero if the length of the UDP header plus UDP data is greater than 65,535."; } } grouping acl-icmp-header-fields { description "Collection of ICMP header fields that can be used tosetupset up a match filter."; leaf type { type uint8; description "Also known asControlcontrol messages."; reference "RFC 792: Internet Control Message Protocol(ICMP),RFC 4443: Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMPv6) for Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6)Specifciation.";Specification."; } leaf code { type uint8; description "ICMP subtype. Also known asControlcontrol messages."; reference "RFC 792: Internet Control Message Protocol(ICMP),RFC 4443: Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMPv6) for Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6)Specifciation.";Specification."; } leaf rest-of-header { type binary; description "Unbounded in length, the contents vary based on the ICMP type and code. Also referred to as 'Message Body' in ICMPv6."; reference "RFC 792: Internet Control Message Protocol(ICMP),RFC 4443: Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMPv6) for Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6)Specifciation.";Specification."; } } } <CODE ENDS> 4.3. ACL Examples Requirement: Deny tcp traffic from 192.0.2.0/24, destined to 198.51.100.0/24. Here is theaclACL configuration xml for this Access Control List: [note: '\' line wrapping for formatting only] <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <config xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:base:1.0"> <acls xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-access-control-list"> <acl> <name>sample-ipv4-acl</name> <type>ipv4-acl-type</type> <aces> <ace> <name>rule1</name> <matches> <ipv4> <protocol>6</protocol> <destination-ipv4-network>198.51.100.0/24</destination\ -ipv4-network><source-ipv4-network>192.0.2.0/24</source-ipv4-network\ ><source-ipv4-network>192.0.2.0/24</source-ipv4-network> </ipv4> </matches> <actions> <forwarding>drop</forwarding> </actions> </ace> </aces> </acl> </acls> </config> TheaclACL andacesACEs can be described inCLIthe command-line interface (CLI) as the following: acl ipv4 sample-ipv4-acl deny tcp 192.0.2.0/24 198.51.100.0/24 Requirement: Accept all DNS traffic destined for 2001:db8::/32 on port 53. [note: '\' line wrapping for formatting only] <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <config xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:base:1.0"> <acls xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-access-control-list"> <acl> <name>allow-dns-packets</name> <type>ipv6-acl-type</type> <aces> <ace> <name>rule1</name> <matches> <ipv6> <destination-ipv6-network>2001:db8::/32</destination-i\ pv6-network> </ipv6> <udp> <destination-port> <operator>eq</operator> <port>53</port> </destination-port> </udp> </matches> <actions> <forwarding>accept</forwarding> </actions> </ace> </aces> </acl> </acls> </config> 4.4. Port Range Usage and Other Examples When a lower-port and an upper-port are both present, it represents a range between the lower-port and upper-port with both the lower-port and upper-port included. When only a port is present, it represents a port, with the operator specifying the range. The following XML example represents a configuration where TCP traffic from source ports 16384, 16385, 16386, and 16387 is dropped. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <config xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:base:1.0"> <acls xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-access-control-list"> <acl> <name>sample-port-acl</name> <type>ipv4-acl-type</type> <aces> <ace> <name>rule1</name> <matches> <tcp> <source-port> <lower-port>16384</lower-port> <upper-port>16387</upper-port> </source-port> </tcp> </matches> <actions> <forwarding>drop</forwarding> </actions> </ace> </aces> </acl> </acls> </config> The following XML example represents a configuration where all IPv4 ICMP echo requests are dropped. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <config xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:base:1.0"> <acls xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-access-control-list"> <acl> <name>sample-icmp-acl</name> <aces> <ace> <name>rule1</name> <matches> <ipv4> <protocol>1</protocol> </ipv4> <icmp> <type>8</type> <code>0</code> </icmp> </matches> <actions> <forwarding>drop</forwarding> </actions> </ace> </aces> </acl> </acls> </config> The following XML example represents a configuration of a single port, port2121, that accepts TCP traffic. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <config xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:base:1.0"> <acls xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-access-control-list"> <acl> <name>sample-ipv4-acl</name> <type>ipv4-acl-type</type> <aces> <ace> <name>rule1</name> <matches> <tcp> <destination-port> <operator>eq</operator> <port>21</port> </destination-port> </tcp> </matches> <actions> <forwarding>accept</forwarding> </actions> </ace> </aces> </acl> </acls> </config> The following XML example represents a configuration specifying all ports that are not equal to21,21 that will drop TCP packets destined for those ports. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <config xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:base:1.0"> <acls xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-access-control-list"> <acl> <name>sample-ipv4-acl</name> <type>ipv4-acl-type</type> <aces> <ace> <name>rule1</name> <matches> <tcp> <destination-port> <operator>neq</operator> <port>21</port> </destination-port> </tcp> </matches> <actions> <forwarding>drop</forwarding> </actions> </ace> </aces> </acl> </acls> </config> 5. Security Considerations The YANGmodulemodules specified in this documentdefinesdefine a schema for data that is designed to be accessed via network management protocol such as NETCONF [RFC6241] or RESTCONF [RFC8040]. The lowest NETCONF layer is the secure transportlayerlayer, and the mandatory-to-implement secure transport isSSHSecure Shell (SSH) [RFC6242]. The lowest RESTCONF layer is HTTPS, and the mandatory-to-implement secure transport is TLS [RFC8446]. The NETCONF Access Control Model(NACM [RFC8341])(NACM) [RFC8341] provides the means to restrict access for particular NETCONF or RESTCONF users to apre-configuredpreconfigured subset of all available NETCONF or RESTCONF protocol operations and content. There are a number of data nodes defined inthethese YANGmodule whichmodules that are writable/creatable/deletable (i.e., config true, which is the default). These data nodes may be considered sensitive or vulnerable in some network environments. Write operations (e.g.,<edit-config>)edit-config) to these data nodes without proper protection can have a negative effect on network operations. These are the subtrees and data nodes and theirsensitivity/ vulnerability:sensitivity/vulnerability: /acls/acl/aces: This list specifies all the configured access control entries on the device. Unauthorized write access to this list can allow intruders to modify the entries so as to permit traffic that should not be permitted, or deny traffic that should be permitted. The former may result in a DoS attack, or compromise the device. The latter may result in a DoS attack. The impact of an unauthorized read access of the list will allow the attacker to determine which rules are in effect, to better craft an attack. /acls/acl/aces/ace/actions/logging: This node specifies ability to log packets that match this ace entry. Unauthorized write access to this node can allow intruders to enable logging on one or many ace entries, overwhelming the server in the process. Unauthorized read access of this node can allow intruders to access logging information, which could be used to craft an attack the server. 6. IANA Considerations This document registers three URIs and three YANG modules. 6.1. URI Registration This document registers three URIs in theIETF"IETF XMLregistry [RFC3688]. Following the format in RFC 3688, the following registration is requested to be made:Registry" [RFC3688] as follows: URI: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-access-control-list URI: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-packet-fields URI: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-ethertypes Registrant Contact: The IESG. XML:N/A,N/A; the requested URI is an XML namespace. 6.2. YANG Module Name Registration This document registers three YANGmodulemodules in theYANG"YANG ModuleNamesNames" registryYANG[RFC6020].name:Name: ietf-access-control-listnamespace:Namespace: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-access-control-listprefix:Prefix: aclreference:Reference: RFCXXXX name:8519 Name: ietf-packet-fieldsnamespace:Namespace: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-packet-fieldsprefix:Prefix: packet-fieldsreference:Reference: RFCXXXX name:8519 Name: ietf-ethertypesnamespace:Namespace: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-ethertypesprefix:Prefix: ethertypesreference:Reference: RFCXXXX8519 7.Acknowledgements Alex Clemm, Andy Bierman and Lisa Huang started it by sketching out an initial IETF draft in several past IETF meetings. That draft included an ACL YANG model structure and a rich set of match filters, and acknowledged contributions by Louis Fourie, Dana Blair, Tula Kraiser, Patrick Gili, George Serpa, Martin Bjorklund, Kent Watsen, and Phil Shafer. Many people have reviewed the various earlier drafts that made the draft went into IETF charter. Dean Bogdanovic, Kiran Agrahara Sreenivasa, Lisa Huang, and Dana Blair each evaluated the YANG model in previous drafts separately, and then worked together to created a ACL draft that was supported by different vendors. That draft removed vendor specific features, and gave examples to allow vendors to extend in their own proprietary ACL. The earlier draft was superseded with this updated draft and received more participation from many vendors. Authors would like to thank Jason Sterne, Lada Lhotka, Juergen Schoenwalder, David Bannister, Jeff Haas, Kristian Larsson and Einar Nilsen-Nygaard for their review of and suggestions to the draft. 8.References8.1.7.1. Normative References [RFC0791] Postel, J., "Internet Protocol", STD 5, RFC 791, DOI 10.17487/RFC0791, September 1981, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc791>. [RFC0792] Postel, J., "Internet Control Message Protocol", STD 5, RFC 792, DOI 10.17487/RFC0792, September 1981, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc792>. [RFC0793] Postel, J., "Transmission Control Protocol", STD 7, RFC 793, DOI 10.17487/RFC0793, September 1981, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc793>. [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>. [RFC2474] Nichols, K., Blake, S., Baker, F., and D. Black, "Definition of the Differentiated Services Field (DS Field) in the IPv4 and IPv6 Headers", RFC 2474, DOI 10.17487/RFC2474, December 1998, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2474>. [RFC3168] Ramakrishnan, K., Floyd, S., and D. Black, "The Addition of Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) to IP", RFC 3168, DOI 10.17487/RFC3168, September 2001, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3168>. [RFC4007] Deering, S., Haberman, B., Jinmei, T., Nordmark, E., and B. Zill, "IPv6 Scoped Address Architecture", RFC 4007, DOI 10.17487/RFC4007, March 2005, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4007>. [RFC4291] Hinden, R. and S. Deering, "IP Version 6 Addressing Architecture", RFC 4291, DOI 10.17487/RFC4291, February 2006, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4291>. [RFC5952] Kawamura, S. and M. Kawashima, "A Recommendation for IPv6 Address Text Representation", RFC 5952, DOI 10.17487/RFC5952, August 2010, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5952>. [RFC6991] Schoenwaelder, J., Ed., "Common YANG Data Types", RFC 6991, DOI 10.17487/RFC6991, July 2013, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6991>. [RFC7950] Bjorklund, M., Ed., "The YANG 1.1 Data Modeling Language", RFC 7950, DOI 10.17487/RFC7950, August 2016, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7950>. [RFC8174] Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC 2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174, May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>. [RFC8200] Deering, S. and R. Hinden, "Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6) Specification", STD 86, RFC 8200, DOI 10.17487/RFC8200, July 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8200>. [RFC8343] Bjorklund, M., "A YANG Data Model for Interface Management", RFC 8343, DOI 10.17487/RFC8343, March 2018, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8343>.8.2.7.2. Informative References [RFC3688] Mealling, M., "The IETF XML Registry", BCP 81, RFC 3688, DOI 10.17487/RFC3688, January 2004, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3688>. [RFC6020] Bjorklund, M., Ed., "YANG - A Data Modeling Language for the Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF)", RFC 6020, DOI 10.17487/RFC6020, October 2010, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6020>. [RFC6241] Enns, R., Ed., Bjorklund, M., Ed., Schoenwaelder, J., Ed., and A. Bierman, Ed., "Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF)", RFC 6241, DOI 10.17487/RFC6241, June 2011, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6241>. [RFC6242] Wasserman, M., "Using the NETCONF Protocol over Secure Shell (SSH)", RFC 6242, DOI 10.17487/RFC6242, June 2011, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6242>. [RFC7011] Claise, B., Ed., Trammell, B., Ed., and P. Aitken, "Specification of the IP Flow Information Export (IPFIX) Protocol for the Exchange of Flow Information", STD 77, RFC 7011, DOI 10.17487/RFC7011, September 2013, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7011>. [RFC8040] Bierman, A., Bjorklund, M., and K. Watsen, "RESTCONF Protocol", RFC 8040, DOI 10.17487/RFC8040, January 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8040>. [RFC8340] Bjorklund, M. and L. Berger, Ed., "YANG Tree Diagrams", BCP 215, RFC 8340, DOI 10.17487/RFC8340, March 2018, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8340>. [RFC8341] Bierman, A. and M. Bjorklund, "Network Configuration Access Control Model", STD 91, RFC 8341, DOI 10.17487/RFC8341, March 2018, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8341>. [RFC8446] Rescorla, E., "The Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol Version 1.3", RFC 8446, DOI 10.17487/RFC8446, August 2018, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8446>. Appendix A. Extending ACLmodel examplesModel Examples A.1.A company proprietary module exampleExample of a Company's Proprietary Module The "example-newco-acl" module is an example ofcompanya company's proprietary model that augments the "ietf-acl" module. It shows how to use 'augment' with anXPathXML Path Language (XPath) expression to add additional match criteria, actions, and default actions for when no ACE matches are found. All these are company proprietary extensions or system feature extensions. "example-newco-acl" is just anexampleexample, and it is expected that vendors will create their own proprietary models. module example-newco-acl { yang-version 1.1; namespace "http://example.com/ns/example-newco-acl"; prefix example-newco-acl; import ietf-access-control-list { prefix"acl";acl; } organization "Newco model group."; contact "abc@newco.com"; description "This YANG module augments the IETF ACLYang.";YANG module."; revision2018-11-062019-03-04 { description "Creating NewCo proprietary extensions to the ietf-aclmodel";model."; reference "RFCXXXX:8519: YANG Data Model for Network Access ControlList (ACL) YANG Data Model";Lists (ACLs)."; } augment "/acl:acls/acl:acl/" + "acl:aces/acl:ace/" + "acl:matches" { description "Newco proprietary simple filtermatches";matches."; choice protocol-payload-choice { description "Newco proprietary payload matchcondition";condition."; list protocol-payload { keyvalue-keyword;"value-keyword"; ordered-by user; description "Match protocolpayload";payload."; uses match-simple-payload-protocol-value; } } choice metadata { description "Newco proprietary interface matchcondition";condition."; leaf packet-length { type uint16; description "Match on packetlength";length."; } } } augment "/acl:acls/acl:acl/" + "acl:aces/acl:ace/" + "acl:actions" { description "Newco proprietary simple filteractions";actions."; choice action { description"";"Newco proprietary action choices."; case count { description "Count the packet in the namedcounter";counter."; leaf count { type uint32; description"Count";"Count."; } } case policer { description "Name of policerto useused to rate-limittraffic";traffic."; leaf policer { type string; description "Name of thepolicer";policer."; } } casehiearchical-policerhierarchical-policer { leafhierarchitacl-policerhierarchical-policer { type string; description "Name of the hierarchical policer."; } description "Name of the hierarchical policerto useused to rate-limittraffic";traffic."; } } } augment "/acl:acls/acl:acl" + "/acl:aces/acl:ace/" + "acl:actions" { leaf default-action { type identityref { base acl:forwarding-action; } defaultacl:drop;"acl:drop"; description "Actions that occur if noaceACE is matched."; } description "Newco proprietary defaultaction";action."; } grouping match-simple-payload-protocol-value { description "Newco proprietary payload"; leaf value-keyword { type enumeration { enum icmp { description "Internet Control MessageProtocol";Protocol."; } enum icmp6 { description "Internet Control Message Protocol Version6";6."; } enum range { description "Range ofvalues";values."; } } description"(null)";"(null)."; } } } The following figure is the tree diagram of example-newco-acl. In this example, /ietf-acl:acls/ietf-acl:acl/ietf-acl:aces/ietf-acl:ace/ ietf-acl:matches are augmented with two newchoices,choices: protocol- payload-choice and metadata. The protocol-payload-choice uses a grouping with an enumeration of all supported protocol values. Metadata matches apply to fields associated with thepacket butpacket, that are not in the packetheaderheader, such as overall packet length. In another example, /ietf-acl:acls/ietf-acl:acl/ietf-acl:aces/ietf-acl:ace/ietf- acl:actions are augmented with a new choice of actions. module: example-newco-acl augment /acl:acls/acl:acl/acl:aces/acl:ace/acl:matches: +--rw (protocol-payload-choice)? | +--:(protocol-payload) | +--rw protocol-payload* [value-keyword] | +--rw value-keyword enumeration +--rw (metadata)? +--:(packet-length) +--rw packet-length? uint16 augment /acl:acls/acl:acl/acl:aces/acl:ace/acl:actions: +--rw (action)? +--:(count) | +--rw count? uint32 +--:(policer) | +--rw policer? string+--:(hiearchical-policer)+--:(hierarchical-policer) +--rwhierarchitacl-policer?hierarchical-policer? string augment /acl:acls/acl:acl/acl:aces/acl:ace/acl:actions: +--rw default-action? identityref A.2. Linux nftables As the Linux platform is becoming more popularasthan the networking platform, the Linux data model is changing.PreviouslyPreviously, ACLs in Linux were highly protocolspecificspecific, and different utilities were used (iptables, ip6tables, arptables, and ebtables), so each one had a separate data model. Recently, this haschangedchanged, and a single utility, nftables, has been developed. With a single application, it has a single data model forfilewall filtersfirewall filters, and it follows very similarlytotheietf-access- controlietf-access-control list module proposed in thisdraft.document. The nftables support input and outputACEsACEs, and each ACE can be defined with match and action. The example in Section 4.3 can be configured using nftable tool as below. nft add table ip filter nft add chain filter input nft add rule ip filter input ip protocol tcp ip saddr \ 192.0.2.1/24 drop The configuration entries added in nftable wouldbe.be: table ip filter { chain input { ip protocol tcp ip saddr 192.0.2.1/24 drop } } We can see that there are many similarities between Linux nftables and IETF ACL YANG data models anditstheir extension models. It should be fairly easy to do translation between the ACL YANG model described in thisdraftdocument and Linux nftables. A.3. Ethertypes The ACL module is dependent on the definition ofethertypes.Ethertypes. IEEE owns the allocation of thoseethertypes.Ethertypes. This model is being included here to enable the definition of those types till such time that IEEE takes up the task of publication of the model that defines thoseethertypes.Ethertypes. At that time, this model can be deprecated. <CODE BEGINS> file"ietf-ethertypes@2018-11-06.yang""ietf-ethertypes@2019-03-04.yang" module ietf-ethertypes { namespace "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-ethertypes"; prefix ethertypes; organization "IETF NETMOD(NETCONF Data Modeling Language)";(Network Modeling) Working Group."; contact "WG Web:<http://tools.ietf.org/wg/netmod/><https://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/netmod/> WG List: <mailto:netmod@ietf.org> Editor: Mahesh Jethanandani <mjethanandani@gmail.com>"; description "This module containsthecommon definitions for the Ethertype used by different modules. It is a placeholder module, till such time that IEEE starts a project to define these Ethertypes and publishes a standard. At thattimetime, this module can bedeprecated.";deprecated. Copyright (c) 2019 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, is permitted pursuant to, and subject to the license terms contained in, the Simplified BSD License set forth in Section 4.c of the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info). This version of this YANG module is part of RFC 8519; see the RFC itself for full legal notices."; revision2018-11-062019-03-04 { description "Initial revision."; reference "RFCXXXX: IETF Ethertype8519: YANG DataModule.";Model for Network Access Control Lists (ACLs)."; } typedef ethertype { type union { type uint16; type enumeration { enum ipv4 { value 2048; description "Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) with a hex value of 0x0800."; reference "RFC 791: Internet Protocol."; } enum arp { value 2054; description "Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) with a hex value of 0x0806."; reference "RFC 826: An Ethernet Address ResolutionProtocol.";Protocol: Or Converting Network Protocol Addresses to 48.bit Ethernet Address for Transmission on Ethernet Hardware."; } enum wlan { value 2114; description "Wake-on-LAN. Hex value of 0x0842."; } enum trill { value 8947; description "Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links. Hex value of 0x22F3."; reference "RFC 6325: Routing Bridges (RBridges): Base Protocol Specification."; } enum srp { value 8938; description "Stream Reservation Protocol. Hex value of 0x22EA."; reference "IEEE 801.1Q-2011."; } enum decnet { value 24579; description "DECnet Phase IV. Hex value of 0x6003."; } enum rarp { value 32821; description "Reverse Address Resolution Protocol. Hex value 0x8035."; reference "RFC903.903: A Reverse Address Resolution Protocol."; } enum appletalk { value 32923; description "Appletalk (Ethertalk). Hex value of 0x809B."; } enum aarp { value 33011; description "Appletalk Address Resolution Protocol. Hex value of 0x80F3."; } enum vlan { value 33024; description "VLAN-tagged frame(802.1Q)(IEEE 802.1Q) and Shortest Path Bridging IEEE 802.1aq withNNINetwork-Network Interface (NNI) compatibility. Hex value of 0x8100."; reference"802.1Q.";"IEEE 802.1Q."; } enum ipx { value 33079; description "Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX). Hex value of 0x8137."; } enum qnx { value 33284; description "QNX Qnet. Hex value of 0x8204."; } enum ipv6 { value 34525; description "Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6). Hex value of 0x86DD."; reference "RFC 8200: Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6) Specification RFC 8201: Path MTU Discovery forIPv6.";IP version 6."; } enum efc { value 34824; description "Ethernet flow control using pause frames. Hex value of0x8808";0x8808."; reference "IEEEStd.802.1Qbb."; } enum esp { value 34825; description "Ethernet Slow Protocol. Hex value of 0x8809."; reference "IEEEStd. 802.3-2015";802.3-2015."; } enum cobranet { value 34841; description "CobraNet. Hex value of0x8819";0x8819."; } enum mpls-unicast { value 34887; description"MultiProtocol"Multiprotocol LabelSwitchSwitching (MPLS) unicast traffic. Hex value of 0x8847."; reference "RFC 3031: Multiprotocol Label Switching Architecture."; } enum mpls-multicast { value 34888; description"MultiProtocol Label Switch (MPLS)"MPLS multicast traffic. Hex value of 0x8848."; reference "RFC 3031: Multiprotocol Label Switching Architecture."; } enum pppoe-discovery { value 34915; description "Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet. Used during the discovery process. Hex value of 0x8863."; reference "RFC 2516: AmethodMethod for Transmitting PPPoverOver EthernetPPPoE.";(PPPoE)."; } enum pppoe-session { value 34916; description "Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet. Used during session stage. Hex value of 0x8864."; reference "RFC 2516: AmethodMethod for Transmitting PPPoverOver EthernetPPPoE.";(PPPoE)."; } enum intel-ans { value 34925; description "Intel Advanced Networking Services. Hex value of 0x886D."; } enum jumbo-frames { value 34928; description "Jumbo frames or Ethernet frames with more than 1500 bytes of payload,uptoup to 9000 bytes."; } enum homeplug { value 34939; description "Family name for the various power line communications. Hex value of 0x887B."; } enum eap { value 34958; description "Ethernet Access Protocol (EAP) over LAN. Hex value of 0x888E."; reference "IEEE802.1X";802.1X."; } enum profinet { value 34962; description "PROcess FIeld Net (PROFINET). Hex value of 0x8892."; } enum hyperscsi { value 34970; description"SCSI"Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) over Ethernet. Hex value of0x889A";0x889A."; } enum aoe { value 34978; description "Advanced Technology Advancement (ATA) over Ethernet. Hex value of 0x88A2."; } enum ethercat { value 34980; description "Ethernet for Control Automation Technology (EtherCAT). Hex value of 0x88A4."; } enum provider-bridging { value 34984; description "Provider Bridging (802.1ad) and Shortest Path Bridging (801.1aq). Hex value of 0x88A8."; reference "IEEE802.1ad,802.1ad and IEEE 802.1aq)."; } enum ethernet-powerlink { value 34987; description "Ethernet Powerlink. Hex value of 0x88AB."; } enum goose { value 35000; description "Generic Object Oriented Substation Event (GOOSE). Hex value of 0x88B8."; reference "IEC/ISO 8802-2 and 8802-3."; } enum gse { value 35001; description "Generic Substation Events. Hex value of 88B9."; reference "IEC 61850."; } enum sv { value 35002; description "Sampled Value Transmission. Hex value of 0x88BA."; reference "IEC 61850."; } enum lldp { value 35020; description "Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP). Hex value of 0x88CC."; reference "IEEE 802.1AB."; } enum sercos { value 35021; description "Sercos Interface. Hex value of 0x88CD."; } enum wsmp { value 35036; description "WAVE Short MessageProtoclProtocol (WSMP). Hex value of 0x88DC."; } enum homeplug-av-mme { value 35041; description "HomePlug AVMME.Mobile Management Entity (MME). Hex value of 88E1."; } enum mrp { value 35043; description "Media Redundancy Protocol (MRP). Hex value of 0x88E3."; reference"IEC62439-2.";"IEC 62439-2."; } enum macsec { value 35045; description "MAC Security. Hex value of 0x88E5."; reference "IEEE 802.1AE."; } enum pbb { value 35047; description "Provider Backbone Bridges (PBB). Hex value of 0x88E7."; reference "IEEE 802.1ah."; } enum cfm { value 35074; description "Connectivity Fault Management (CFM). Hex value of 0x8902."; reference "IEEE 802.1ag."; } enum fcoe { value 35078; description "Fiber Channel over Ethernet (FCoE). Hex value of 0x8906."; reference "T11 FC-BB-5."; } enum fcoe-ip { value 35092; description "FCoE Initialization Protocol. Hex value of 0x8914."; } enum roce { value 35093; description "RDMA over Converged Ethernet (RoCE). Hex value of 0x8915."; } enum tte { value 35101; description "TTEthernet Protocol Control Frame (TTE). Hex value of 0x891D."; reference "SAE AS6802."; } enum hsr { value 35119; description "High-availability Seamless Redundancy (HSR). Hex value of 0x892F."; reference "IEC 62439-3:2016."; } } } description "The uint16 type placeholder is defined to enable users to manage their own ethertypes not covered by the module.OtherwiseOtherwise, the module contains enum definitions for the more commonly used ethertypes."; } } <CODE ENDS> Acknowledgements Alex Clemm, Andy Bierman, and Lisa Huang started by sketching an initial draft version in several past IETF meetings. That document included an ACL YANG model structure and a rich set of match filters, and it acknowledged contributions by Louis Fourie, Dana Blair, Tula Kraiser, Patrick Gili, George Serpa, Martin Bjorklund, Kent Watsen, and Phil Shafer. Many people have reviewed the various earlier draft versions that made the document that went into IETF charter. Dean Bogdanovic, Kiran Agrahara Sreenivasa, Lisa Huang, and Dana Blair each evaluated the YANG model in earlier draft versions separately, and then they worked together to create an ACL draft version that was supported by different vendors. That document removed vendor-specific features and gave examples that allowed vendors to extend their own proprietary ACLs. That earlier draft version was superseded with this document and received participation from many vendors. The authors would like to thank Jason Sterne, Lada Lhotka, Juergen Schoenwalder, David Bannister, Jeff Haas, Kristian Larsson, and Einar Nilsen-Nygaard for their reviews of and suggestions for the document. Authors' Addresses Mahesh Jethanandani VMware Email: mjethanandani@gmail.com Sonal Agarwal Cisco Systems, Inc. Email: sagarwal12@gmail.com Lisa Huang Email: huangyi_99@yahoo.com Dana Blair Email: dana@blairhome.com