Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) A. MalhotraInternet-DraftRequest for Comments: 8573 S. Goldberg Updates: 5905(if approved)Boston UniversityIntended status:Category: Standards TrackJanuary 4, 2019 Expires: July 8,June 2019 ISSN: 2070-1721 Message Authentication Code for the Network Time Protocoldraft-ietf-ntp-mac-06AbstractRFC 5905 states thatThe Network Time Protocol(NTP)(NTP), as described in RFC 5905, states that NTP packets should be authenticated by appendingtheNTP data to a 128-bitkey,key and hashing the result with MD5 to obtain a 128-bit tag. This document deprecates MD5-based authentication, which is consideredto betoo weak, and recommends the use of AES-CMAC as described in RFC 4493 as a replacement. Status of This Memo ThisInternet-Draftissubmitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. Internet-Drafts are working documentsan Internet Standards Track document. This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF).Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. The listIt represents the consensus ofcurrent Internet- Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/. Internet-Drafts are draft documents validthe IETF community. It has received public review and has been approved fora maximumpublication by the Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Further information on Internet Standards is available in Section 2 of RFC 7841. Information about the current status ofsix monthsthis document, any errata, and how to provide feedback on it may beupdated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documentsobtained atany time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." This Internet-Draft will expire on July 8, 2019.https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8573. Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2019 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License. Table of Contents 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.1. Requirements Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2. Deprecating theuseUse of MD5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3. Replacement Recommendation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 4. Motivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 5. Test Vectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 6.SecurityIANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 7. Acknowledgements .. . 3 7. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43 8.IANA Considerations . .References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 9. References .. . . . . . 3 8.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.1. Normative8.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..49.2. Informative ReferencesAppendix A. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4. 5 Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1. IntroductionRFC 5905 [RFC5905] states thatThe Network Time Protocol(NTP)[RFC5905] states that NTP packets should be authenticated by appendingtheNTP data to a 128-bitkey,key and hashing the result with MD5 to obtain a 128-bit tag. This document deprecates MD5-based authentication, which is consideredto betoo weak, and recommends the use of AES-CMAC [RFC4493] as a replacement. 1.1. Requirements Language The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here. 2. Deprecating theuseUse of MD5 RFC 5905 [RFC5905] defines how the MD5 digest algorithm described in RFC 1321 [RFC1321] can be used as amessage authentication codeMessage Authentication Code (MAC) for authenticating NTP packets. However, as discussed in [BCK] and RFC 6151 [RFC6151], this is not a secure MAC and therefore MUST be deprecated. 3. Replacement Recommendation If NTP authentication is implemented, then AES-CMAC as specified in RFC 4493 [RFC4493] MUST be computed over all fields in the NTPheader,header and any extension fields that are present in the NTP packet as described in RFC 5905 [RFC5905]. The MAC key for NTP MUST be128 bits longan AES-128 key that is 128 bits in length, and the resulting MAC tag MUST be at least 128 bitslongin length, as stated insectionSection 2.4 of RFC 4493 [RFC4493]. NTP makes this transition possible as it supports algorithm agility as described in Section 2.1 of RFC 7696 [RFC7696]. The hostswhothat wish to use NTP authentication share a symmetric keyout-of-band.out of band. So they MUST implement AES-CMAC and share the corresponding symmetric key. A symmetric key is a triplet of ID, type(e.g. MD5,(e.g., MD5 and AES-CMAC) and the key itself. All three have to match in order tosuccesfullysuccessfully authenticate packets between two hosts. Old implementations that don't support AES-CMAC will not accept and will not send packets authenticated with such a key. 4. Motivation AES-CMAC is recommended for the following reasons: 1. It is an IETFstandardspecification that isavailablesupported in many open source implementations. 2. It is immune to nonce-reuse vulnerabilities(e.g.(e.g., [Joux]) because it does not use a nonce. 3. It has fine performance in terms of latency and throughput. 4. It benefits from native hardware support, for instance, Intel's New Instruction set GUE [GUE]. 5. Test Vectors For test vectors and theiroutputsoutputs, refer to Section 4 of RFC 4493[RFC4493][RFC4493]. 6. IANA Considerations This document has no IANA actions. 7. Security Considerations Refer totheAppendices A,BB, and C of the NIST documenton[NIST] for a recommendation for the CMAC mode ofauthentication [NIST] andauthentication; see the Security ConsiderationsSectionof RFC 4493 [RFC4493] for discussion on security guarantees of AES-CMAC.7. Acknowledgements The authors wish to acknowledge useful discussions with Leen Alshenibr, Daniel Franke, Ethan Heilman, Kenny Paterson, Leonid Reyzin, Harlan Stenn, and Mayank Varia.8.IANA Considerations This memo includes no request to IANA. 9.References9.1.8.1. Normative References [NIST] Dworkin, M., "Recommendation for Block Cipher Modes of Operation: The CMAC Mode for Authentication",<https://www.nist.gov/publications/recommendation-block- cipher-modes-operation-cmac-mode-authentication-0>.NIST Special Publication 800-38B, DOI 10.6028/NIST.SP.800-38B, October 2016, <https://www.nist.gov/publications/recommendation- block-cipher-modes-operation-cmac-mode-authentication-0>. [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>. [RFC4493] Song, JH., Poovendran, R., Lee, J., and T. Iwata, "The AES-CMAC Algorithm", RFC 4493, DOI 10.17487/RFC4493, June 2006, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4493>. [RFC5905] Mills, D., Martin, J., Ed., Burbank, J., and W. Kasch, "Network Time Protocol Version 4: Protocol and Algorithms Specification", RFC 5905, DOI 10.17487/RFC5905, June 2010, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5905>.9.2.[RFC8174] Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC 2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174, May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>. 8.2. Informative References [BCK] Bellare, M., Canetti, R., and H. Krawczyk,"Keyed"Keying Hash Functions and Message Authentication", Advances inProceedings of Crypto'96,Cryptology - Crypto 96 Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 1109, N. Koblitz ed, Springer- Verlag, 1996. [GUE] Geuron, S., "Intel Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) New Instructions Set",<https://www.intel.com/content/dam/doc/ white-paper/advanced-encryption-standard-new-instructions- set-paper.pdf>.May 2010, <https://www.intel.com/content/dam/doc/white-paper/ advanced-encryption-standard-new-instructions-set- paper.pdf>. [Joux] Joux, A., "Authentication Failures in NIST version of GCM", <http://csrc.nist.gov/groups/ST/toolkit/BCM/documents/ comments/800-38_Series-Drafts/GCM/Joux_comments.pdf>. [RFC1321] Rivest, R., "The MD5 Message-Digest Algorithm", RFC 1321, DOI 10.17487/RFC1321, April 1992, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc1321>. [RFC6151] Turner, S. and L. Chen, "Updated Security Considerations for the MD5 Message-Digest and the HMAC-MD5 Algorithms", RFC 6151, DOI 10.17487/RFC6151, March 2011, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6151>. [RFC7696] Housley, R., "Guidelines for Cryptographic Algorithm Agility and Selecting Mandatory-to-Implement Algorithms", BCP 201, RFC 7696, DOI 10.17487/RFC7696, November 2015, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7696>.[RFC8174] Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC 2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174, May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.Appendix A. Acknowledgements The authors wish to acknowledge useful discussions with Leen Alshenibr, Daniel Franke, Ethan Heilman, Kenny Paterson, Leonid Reyzin, Harlan Stenn, and Mayank Varia. Authors' Addresses Aanchal Malhotra Boston University 111 Cummington St Boston, MA 02215USUnited States of America Email: aanchal4@bu.edu Sharon Goldberg Boston University 111 Cummington St Boston, MA 02215USUnited States of America Email: goldbe@cs.bu.edu