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<rfc ipr="trust200902" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" version="3" category="info" docName="draft-huitema-rfc-eval-project-07" category="info"> indexInclude="true" ipr="trust200902" number="8963" prepTime="2021-01-12T22:14:50" scripts="Common,Latin" sortRefs="true" submissionType="independent" symRefs="true" tocDepth="3" tocInclude="true" xml:lang="en">
  <link href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-huitema-rfc-eval-project-07" rel="prev"/>
  <link href="https://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc8963" rel="alternate"/>
  <link href="urn:issn:2070-1721" rel="alternate"/>
  <front>
    <title abbrev="RFC-Eval-2018">Evaluation abbrev="RFC Evaluation  2018">Evaluation of a Sample of RFC RFCs Produced in 2018</title>
    <seriesInfo name="RFC" value="8963" stream="independent"/>
    <author initials="C." surname="Huitema" fullname="Christian Huitema">
      <organization>Private
      <organization showOnFrontPage="true">Private Octopus Inc.</organization>
      <address>
        <postal>
          <street>427 Golfcourse Rd</street>
          <city>Friday Harbor</city>
          <code>WA 98250</code>
          <country>U.S.A</country>
          <region>WA</region>
          <code>98250</code>
          <country>United States of America</country>
        </postal>
        <email>huitema@huitema.net</email>
      </address>
    </author>
    <date year="2020"/>

    <area>General</area>

    <keyword>Internet-Draft</keyword>

    <abstract>

<t>This month="01" year="2021"/>
    <keyword>RFC Series</keyword>
    <keyword>Independent Submissions Editor</keyword>
    <keyword>documents</keyword>
    <keyword>publications</keyword>
    <keyword>publication delays</keyword>
    <abstract pn="section-abstract">
      <t indent="0" pn="section-abstract-1">This document presents the author's effort to understand the delays involved
in publishing an idea in the IETF or through the Independent Stream, from the
first individual draft to the publication of the RFC.
We analyze a set of randomly chosen RFC RFCs approved in 2018, looking for history
and delays. We also use two randomly chosen sets of RFC RFCs published in 2008 and 1998
for comparing delays seen in 2018 to those observed 10 or 20 years ago.
The average RFC in the 2018 sample was produced in 3 years and 4 months,
of which 2 years and 10 months were spent in the Working Group, working group,
3 to 4 months for IETF consensus and IESG review, and 3 to 4 months in RFC
production. The main variation in RFC production delays comes from
the AUTH-48 AUTH48 phase.</t>

<t>We
      <t indent="0" pn="section-abstract-2">We also measure the number of citations of the chosen RFC using Semantic
Scholar, and compare citation counts with what we know about deployment.
We show that citation counts indicate academic interest, but
correlate only loosely with deployment or usage of the specifications.
Counting web references could complement that.</t>

<t>The RFCs selected
    </abstract>
    <boilerplate>
      <section anchor="status-of-memo" numbered="false" removeInRFC="false" toc="exclude" pn="section-boilerplate.1">
        <name slugifiedName="name-status-of-this-memo">Status of This Memo</name>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-boilerplate.1-1">
            This document is not an Internet Standards Track specification; it is
            published for this survey were informational purposes.
        </t>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-boilerplate.1-2">
            This is a contribution to the RFC Series, independently of any
            other RFC stream.  The RFC Editor has chosen to publish this
            document at random its discretion and represent
a small sample makes no statement about its value
            for implementation or deployment.  Documents approved for
            publication by the RFC Editor are not candidates for any level of all RFCs produced, and only approximately 10%
            Internet Standard; see Section 2 of RFC 7841.
        </t>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-boilerplate.1-3">
            Information about the RFCs produced in each current status of 1998, 2008, this document, any
            errata, and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at
            <eref target="https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8963" brackets="none"/>.
        </t>
      </section>
      <section anchor="copyright" numbered="false" removeInRFC="false" toc="exclude" pn="section-boilerplate.2">
        <name slugifiedName="name-copyright-notice">Copyright Notice</name>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-boilerplate.2-1">
            Copyright (c) 2021 IETF Trust and 2018.  It is possible
that different samples would produce different results.  Furthermore, the conclusions drawn from persons identified as the observations made in this
            document
represent the author's  opinions authors. All rights reserved.
        </t>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-boilerplate.2-2">
            This document is subject to BCP 78 and do not have consensus the IETF Trust's Legal
            Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
            (<eref target="https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info" brackets="none"/>) in effect on the date of
            publication of this document. Please review these documents
            carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with
            respect to this document.
        </t>
      </section>
    </boilerplate>
    <toc>
      <section anchor="toc" numbered="false" removeInRFC="false" toc="exclude" pn="section-toc.1">
        <name slugifiedName="name-table-of-contents">Table of Contents</name>
        <ul bare="true" empty="true" indent="2" spacing="compact" pn="section-toc.1-1">
          <li pn="section-toc.1-1.1">
            <t indent="0" keepWithNext="true" pn="section-toc.1-1.1.1"><xref derivedContent="1" format="counter" sectionFormat="of" target="section-1"/>.  <xref derivedContent="" format="title" sectionFormat="of" target="name-introduction">Introduction</xref></t>
          </li>
          <li pn="section-toc.1-1.2">
            <t indent="0" pn="section-toc.1-1.2.1"><xref derivedContent="2" format="counter" sectionFormat="of" target="section-2"/>.  <xref derivedContent="" format="title" sectionFormat="of" target="name-methodology">Methodology</xref></t>
            <ul bare="true" empty="true" indent="2" spacing="compact" pn="section-toc.1-1.2.2">
              <li pn="section-toc.1-1.2.2.1">
                <t indent="0" keepWithNext="true" pn="section-toc.1-1.2.2.1.1"><xref derivedContent="2.1" format="counter" sectionFormat="of" target="section-2.1"/>.  <xref derivedContent="" format="title" sectionFormat="of" target="name-defining-the-important-mile">Defining the
IETF.</t>

    </abstract> Important Milestones</xref></t>
              </li>
              <li pn="section-toc.1-1.2.2.2">
                <t indent="0" keepWithNext="true" pn="section-toc.1-1.2.2.2.1"><xref derivedContent="2.2" format="counter" sectionFormat="of" target="section-2.2"/>.  <xref derivedContent="" format="title" sectionFormat="of" target="name-selecting-a-random-sample-o">Selecting a Random Sample of RFCs</xref></t>
              </li>
              <li pn="section-toc.1-1.2.2.3">
                <t indent="0" pn="section-toc.1-1.2.2.3.1"><xref derivedContent="2.3" format="counter" sectionFormat="of" target="section-2.3"/>.  <xref derivedContent="" format="title" sectionFormat="of" target="name-conventions-used-in-this-do">Conventions Used in This Document</xref></t>
              </li>
            </ul>
          </li>
          <li pn="section-toc.1-1.3">
            <t indent="0" pn="section-toc.1-1.3.1"><xref derivedContent="3" format="counter" sectionFormat="of" target="section-3"/>.  <xref derivedContent="" format="title" sectionFormat="of" target="name-analysis-of-20-selected-rfc">Analysis of 20 Selected RFCs</xref></t>
            <ul bare="true" empty="true" indent="2" spacing="compact" pn="section-toc.1-1.3.2">
              <li pn="section-toc.1-1.3.2.1">
                <t indent="0" pn="section-toc.1-1.3.2.1.1"><xref derivedContent="3.1" format="counter" sectionFormat="of" target="section-3.1"/>.  <xref derivedContent="" format="title" sectionFormat="of" target="name-rfc-8411">RFC 8411</xref></t>
              </li>
              <li pn="section-toc.1-1.3.2.2">
                <t indent="0" pn="section-toc.1-1.3.2.2.1"><xref derivedContent="3.2" format="counter" sectionFormat="of" target="section-3.2"/>.  <xref derivedContent="" format="title" sectionFormat="of" target="name-rfc-8456">RFC 8456</xref></t>
              </li>
              <li pn="section-toc.1-1.3.2.3">
                <t indent="0" pn="section-toc.1-1.3.2.3.1"><xref derivedContent="3.3" format="counter" sectionFormat="of" target="section-3.3"/>.  <xref derivedContent="" format="title" sectionFormat="of" target="name-rfc-8446">RFC 8446</xref></t>
              </li>
              <li pn="section-toc.1-1.3.2.4">
                <t indent="0" pn="section-toc.1-1.3.2.4.1"><xref derivedContent="3.4" format="counter" sectionFormat="of" target="section-3.4"/>.  <xref derivedContent="" format="title" sectionFormat="of" target="name-rfc-8355">RFC 8355</xref></t>
              </li>
              <li pn="section-toc.1-1.3.2.5">
                <t indent="0" pn="section-toc.1-1.3.2.5.1"><xref derivedContent="3.5" format="counter" sectionFormat="of" target="section-3.5"/>.  <xref derivedContent="" format="title" sectionFormat="of" target="name-rfc-8441">RFC 8441</xref></t>
              </li>
              <li pn="section-toc.1-1.3.2.6">
                <t indent="0" pn="section-toc.1-1.3.2.6.1"><xref derivedContent="3.6" format="counter" sectionFormat="of" target="section-3.6"/>.  <xref derivedContent="" format="title" sectionFormat="of" target="name-rfc-8324">RFC 8324</xref></t>
              </li>
              <li pn="section-toc.1-1.3.2.7">
                <t indent="0" pn="section-toc.1-1.3.2.7.1"><xref derivedContent="3.7" format="counter" sectionFormat="of" target="section-3.7"/>.  <xref derivedContent="" format="title" sectionFormat="of" target="name-rfc-8377">RFC 8377</xref></t>
              </li>
              <li pn="section-toc.1-1.3.2.8">
                <t indent="0" pn="section-toc.1-1.3.2.8.1"><xref derivedContent="3.8" format="counter" sectionFormat="of" target="section-3.8"/>.  <xref derivedContent="" format="title" sectionFormat="of" target="name-rfc-8498">RFC 8498</xref></t>
              </li>
              <li pn="section-toc.1-1.3.2.9">
                <t indent="0" pn="section-toc.1-1.3.2.9.1"><xref derivedContent="3.9" format="counter" sectionFormat="of" target="section-3.9"/>.  <xref derivedContent="" format="title" sectionFormat="of" target="name-rfc-8479">RFC 8479</xref></t>
              </li>
              <li pn="section-toc.1-1.3.2.10">
                <t indent="0" pn="section-toc.1-1.3.2.10.1"><xref derivedContent="3.10" format="counter" sectionFormat="of" target="section-3.10"/>. <xref derivedContent="" format="title" sectionFormat="of" target="name-rfc-8453">RFC 8453</xref></t>
              </li>
              <li pn="section-toc.1-1.3.2.11">
                <t indent="0" pn="section-toc.1-1.3.2.11.1"><xref derivedContent="3.11" format="counter" sectionFormat="of" target="section-3.11"/>. <xref derivedContent="" format="title" sectionFormat="of" target="name-rfc-8429">RFC 8429</xref></t>
              </li>
              <li pn="section-toc.1-1.3.2.12">
                <t indent="0" pn="section-toc.1-1.3.2.12.1"><xref derivedContent="3.12" format="counter" sectionFormat="of" target="section-3.12"/>. <xref derivedContent="" format="title" sectionFormat="of" target="name-rfc-8312">RFC 8312</xref></t>
              </li>
              <li pn="section-toc.1-1.3.2.13">
                <t indent="0" pn="section-toc.1-1.3.2.13.1"><xref derivedContent="3.13" format="counter" sectionFormat="of" target="section-3.13"/>. <xref derivedContent="" format="title" sectionFormat="of" target="name-rfc-8492">RFC 8492</xref></t>
              </li>
              <li pn="section-toc.1-1.3.2.14">
                <t indent="0" pn="section-toc.1-1.3.2.14.1"><xref derivedContent="3.14" format="counter" sectionFormat="of" target="section-3.14"/>. <xref derivedContent="" format="title" sectionFormat="of" target="name-rfc-8378">RFC 8378</xref></t>
              </li>
              <li pn="section-toc.1-1.3.2.15">
                <t indent="0" pn="section-toc.1-1.3.2.15.1"><xref derivedContent="3.15" format="counter" sectionFormat="of" target="section-3.15"/>. <xref derivedContent="" format="title" sectionFormat="of" target="name-rfc-8361">RFC 8361</xref></t>
              </li>
              <li pn="section-toc.1-1.3.2.16">
                <t indent="0" pn="section-toc.1-1.3.2.16.1"><xref derivedContent="3.16" format="counter" sectionFormat="of" target="section-3.16"/>. <xref derivedContent="" format="title" sectionFormat="of" target="name-rfc-8472">RFC 8472</xref></t>
              </li>
              <li pn="section-toc.1-1.3.2.17">
                <t indent="0" pn="section-toc.1-1.3.2.17.1"><xref derivedContent="3.17" format="counter" sectionFormat="of" target="section-3.17"/>. <xref derivedContent="" format="title" sectionFormat="of" target="name-rfc-8471">RFC 8471</xref></t>
              </li>
              <li pn="section-toc.1-1.3.2.18">
                <t indent="0" pn="section-toc.1-1.3.2.18.1"><xref derivedContent="3.18" format="counter" sectionFormat="of" target="section-3.18"/>. <xref derivedContent="" format="title" sectionFormat="of" target="name-rfc-8466">RFC 8466</xref></t>
              </li>
              <li pn="section-toc.1-1.3.2.19">
                <t indent="0" pn="section-toc.1-1.3.2.19.1"><xref derivedContent="3.19" format="counter" sectionFormat="of" target="section-3.19"/>. <xref derivedContent="" format="title" sectionFormat="of" target="name-rfc-8362">RFC 8362</xref></t>
              </li>
              <li pn="section-toc.1-1.3.2.20">
                <t indent="0" pn="section-toc.1-1.3.2.20.1"><xref derivedContent="3.20" format="counter" sectionFormat="of" target="section-3.20"/>. <xref derivedContent="" format="title" sectionFormat="of" target="name-rfc-8468">RFC 8468</xref></t>
              </li>
            </ul>
          </li>
          <li pn="section-toc.1-1.4">
            <t indent="0" pn="section-toc.1-1.4.1"><xref derivedContent="4" format="counter" sectionFormat="of" target="section-4"/>.  <xref derivedContent="" format="title" sectionFormat="of" target="name-analysis-of-process-and-del">Analysis of Process and Delays</xref></t>
            <ul bare="true" empty="true" indent="2" spacing="compact" pn="section-toc.1-1.4.2">
              <li pn="section-toc.1-1.4.2.1">
                <t indent="0" pn="section-toc.1-1.4.2.1.1"><xref derivedContent="4.1" format="counter" sectionFormat="of" target="section-4.1"/>.  <xref derivedContent="" format="title" sectionFormat="of" target="name-delays-from-first-draft-to-">Delays from First Draft to RFC</xref></t>
              </li>
              <li pn="section-toc.1-1.4.2.2">
                <t indent="0" pn="section-toc.1-1.4.2.2.1"><xref derivedContent="4.2" format="counter" sectionFormat="of" target="section-4.2"/>.  <xref derivedContent="" format="title" sectionFormat="of" target="name-working-group-processing-ti">Working Group Processing Time</xref></t>
              </li>
              <li pn="section-toc.1-1.4.2.3">
                <t indent="0" pn="section-toc.1-1.4.2.3.1"><xref derivedContent="4.3" format="counter" sectionFormat="of" target="section-4.3"/>.  <xref derivedContent="" format="title" sectionFormat="of" target="name-preparation-and-publication">Preparation and Publication Delays</xref></t>
              </li>
              <li pn="section-toc.1-1.4.2.4">
                <t indent="0" pn="section-toc.1-1.4.2.4.1"><xref derivedContent="4.4" format="counter" sectionFormat="of" target="section-4.4"/>.  <xref derivedContent="" format="title" sectionFormat="of" target="name-copy-editing">Copy Editing</xref></t>
              </li>
              <li pn="section-toc.1-1.4.2.5">
                <t indent="0" pn="section-toc.1-1.4.2.5.1"><xref derivedContent="4.5" format="counter" sectionFormat="of" target="section-4.5"/>.  <xref derivedContent="" format="title" sectionFormat="of" target="name-independent-stream">Independent Stream</xref></t>
              </li>
            </ul>
          </li>
          <li pn="section-toc.1-1.5">
            <t indent="0" pn="section-toc.1-1.5.1"><xref derivedContent="5" format="counter" sectionFormat="of" target="section-5"/>.  <xref derivedContent="" format="title" sectionFormat="of" target="name-citation-counts">Citation Counts</xref></t>
            <ul bare="true" empty="true" indent="2" spacing="compact" pn="section-toc.1-1.5.2">
              <li pn="section-toc.1-1.5.2.1">
                <t indent="0" pn="section-toc.1-1.5.2.1.1"><xref derivedContent="5.1" format="counter" sectionFormat="of" target="section-5.1"/>.  <xref derivedContent="" format="title" sectionFormat="of" target="name-citation-numbers">Citation Numbers</xref></t>
              </li>
              <li pn="section-toc.1-1.5.2.2">
                <t indent="0" pn="section-toc.1-1.5.2.2.1"><xref derivedContent="5.2" format="counter" sectionFormat="of" target="section-5.2"/>.  <xref derivedContent="" format="title" sectionFormat="of" target="name-comparison-to-1998-and-2008">Comparison to 1998 and 2008</xref></t>
              </li>
              <li pn="section-toc.1-1.5.2.3">
                <t indent="0" pn="section-toc.1-1.5.2.3.1"><xref derivedContent="5.3" format="counter" sectionFormat="of" target="section-5.3"/>.  <xref derivedContent="" format="title" sectionFormat="of" target="name-citations-versus-deployment">Citations versus Deployments</xref></t>
              </li>
              <li pn="section-toc.1-1.5.2.4">
                <t indent="0" pn="section-toc.1-1.5.2.4.1"><xref derivedContent="5.4" format="counter" sectionFormat="of" target="section-5.4"/>.  <xref derivedContent="" format="title" sectionFormat="of" target="name-citations-versus-web-refere">Citations versus Web References</xref></t>
              </li>
            </ul>
          </li>
          <li pn="section-toc.1-1.6">
            <t indent="0" pn="section-toc.1-1.6.1"><xref derivedContent="6" format="counter" sectionFormat="of" target="section-6"/>.  <xref derivedContent="" format="title" sectionFormat="of" target="name-observations-and-next-steps">Observations and Next Steps</xref></t>
          </li>
          <li pn="section-toc.1-1.7">
            <t indent="0" pn="section-toc.1-1.7.1"><xref derivedContent="7" format="counter" sectionFormat="of" target="section-7"/>.  <xref derivedContent="" format="title" sectionFormat="of" target="name-security-considerations">Security Considerations</xref></t>
          </li>
          <li pn="section-toc.1-1.8">
            <t indent="0" pn="section-toc.1-1.8.1"><xref derivedContent="8" format="counter" sectionFormat="of" target="section-8"/>.  <xref derivedContent="" format="title" sectionFormat="of" target="name-iana-considerations">IANA Considerations</xref></t>
          </li>
          <li pn="section-toc.1-1.9">
            <t indent="0" pn="section-toc.1-1.9.1"><xref derivedContent="9" format="counter" sectionFormat="of" target="section-9"/>.  <xref derivedContent="" format="title" sectionFormat="of" target="name-informative-references">Informative References</xref></t>
          </li>
          <li pn="section-toc.1-1.10">
            <t indent="0" pn="section-toc.1-1.10.1"><xref derivedContent="" format="none" sectionFormat="of" target="section-appendix.a"/><xref derivedContent="" format="title" sectionFormat="of" target="name-acknowledgements">Acknowledgements</xref></t>
          </li>
          <li pn="section-toc.1-1.11">
            <t indent="0" pn="section-toc.1-1.11.1"><xref derivedContent="" format="none" sectionFormat="of" target="section-appendix.b"/><xref derivedContent="" format="title" sectionFormat="of" target="name-authors-address">Author's Address</xref></t>
          </li>
        </ul>
      </section>
    </toc>
  </front>
  <middle>
    <section anchor="introduction" title="Introduction">

<t>As numbered="true" toc="include" removeInRFC="false" pn="section-1">
      <name slugifiedName="name-introduction">Introduction</name>
      <t indent="0" pn="section-1-1">As stated on the organization's web site, "The IETF is a large open international
community of network designers, operators, vendors, and researchers concerned with
the evolution of the Internet architecture and the smooth operation of the Internet."
   The specifications
   produced by the IETF are published in the RFC series, along with
independent submissions, research papers
   documents from the IAB, IRTF, and IAB documents. Independent streams (as per RFC 8729).

In this memo, the author attempts to understand the delays involved
in publishing an idea in the IETF or through the Independent Stream, from the first
individual draft to the publication of the RFC. This is
an individual effort, and the author's conclusions presented here are personal.
There was no attempt to seek IETF consensus.</t>

<t>The
      <t indent="0" pn="section-1-2">The IETF keeps records of documents and process actions
in the IETF datatracker Datatracker <xref target="TRKR"/>. target="TRKR" format="default" sectionFormat="of" derivedContent="TRKR"/>.
The IETF datatracker Datatracker provides information about RFCs and drafts, from which we can
infer statistics about the production system. We can measure how
long it takes to drive a proposition from initial draft to final publication,
and how these delays can be split between Working Group working group discussions, IETF reviews,
IESG assessment, RFC Editor delays and final reviews by the authors &#8211; -- or, for
Independent Stream RFCs, draft production, reviews by the Independent Stream Submissions Editor,
conflict reviews, RFC Editor delays and final reviews.
Tracker data is available for all RFCs, not just IETF stream Stream RFCs.</t>

<t>Just
      <t indent="0" pn="section-1-3">Just measuring production delays may be misleading. If the IETF or the editors of
the other series streams simply rubber-stamped
draft proposals and published them, the delays would be short but the quality and
impact might suffer. We hope that most of the RFC RFCs that are published are useful,
but we need a way to measure that usefulness. We try to do that by measuring the
number of references of the published RFCs in Semantic Scholar <xref target="SSCH"/>, target="SSCH" format="default" sectionFormat="of" derivedContent="SSCH"/>, and
also by asking the authors of each RFC in the sample
whether the protocols and technologies defined in the RFCs were implemented and used on
the Internet. The citations measured by the Semantic Scholar include citations in
other RFCs and in Internet drafts. Internet-Drafts. We also measure the number of
references on the web, which provides some results but would be hard to automate.</t>

<t>In
      <t indent="0" pn="section-1-4">In order to limit the resource resources required for this study, we selected at random 20
RFCs published in 2018, as explained in <xref target="sample-selection"/>. target="sample-selection" format="default" sectionFormat="of" derivedContent="Section 2.2"/>. The statistical
sampling picked both IETF stream Stream and Independent Stream documents.
For comparison purposes,
we also selected at random 20 RFC RFCs published in 1998 and 20 published in 2008.
Limiting the sample to 20 out of 209 RFCs published in 2018 allows for in depth in-depth
analysis of each RFC, but readers should be reminded that the this is a small sample.
The sample is too small to apply general statistical techniques and
quantify specific ratios, and discussions of correlation techniques would be inappropriate.
Instead, the purpose is to identify trends, spot issues issues, and document future
work.</t>

<t>The
      <t indent="0" pn="section-1-5">The information gathered for every RFC in the sample is presented in
<xref target="sample-rfc-analysis"/>. target="sample-rfc-analysis" format="default" sectionFormat="of" derivedContent="Section 3"/>. In <xref target="process-analysis"/> target="process-analysis" format="default" sectionFormat="of" derivedContent="Section 4"/>, we analyze the production process
and the sources of delays, comparing the 2018 sample to the selected samples for 1998
and 2018. In <xref target="citation-numbers"/> target="citation-numbers" format="default" sectionFormat="of" derivedContent="Section 5.1"/>, we present citation counts for the RFCs in the samples,
and analyze whether citation counts could be used to evaluate the quality of RFCs.</t>

<t>The
      <t indent="0" pn="section-1-6">The measurement of delays could be automated by processing dates and
events recorded in the datatracker. Datatracker. The measurement of published
RFCs could be complemented by statistics on abandoned drafts, which
would measure the efficiency of the IETF triaging process. More instrumentation would
help understanding how large delays happen during Working Group working group processes.
These potential next steps are developed in <xref target="conclusion"/>.</t> target="conclusion" format="default" sectionFormat="of" derivedContent="Section 6"/>.</t>
    </section>
    <section anchor="methodology" title="Methodology">

<t>The numbered="true" toc="include" removeInRFC="false" pn="section-2">
      <name slugifiedName="name-methodology">Methodology</name>
      <t indent="0" pn="section-2-1">The study reported here started with a simple idea: take a sample of RFCs, and
perform an in-depth analysis of the path from the first presentation of the idea
to its publication, while also trying to access the success of the resulting
specification. This requires defining the key milestones that we want to track,
and drawing a random sample using an unbiased process.</t>
      <section anchor="milestones" title="Defining numbered="true" toc="include" removeInRFC="false" pn="section-2.1">
        <name slugifiedName="name-defining-the-important-mile">Defining the Important Milestones">

<t>The Milestones</name>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-2.1-1">The IETF datatracker Datatracker records a list of events for each document processed by IETF
Working Groups.
working groups. This has a high granularity, and also a high variability. Most documents
start life as an individual draft, are adopted by a Working Group, working group, undergo a
Working Group last call, Last Call, are submitted to the IESG, undergo an IETF last call Last Call
and an IESG review, get eventually approved by the IESG, and are processed
for publication by the RFC Editor, but there are exceptions. Some documents
are first submitted to one Working Group working group and then moved to another. Some documents
are published through the Independent Stream, and are submitted to the
Independent Stream Submissions Editor instead of the IESG.</t>

<t>In
        <t indent="0" pn="section-2.1-2">In order to simplify tabulation,
we break the delay period from between the submission of the first
draft and to the publication of the RFC in into three big components:</t>

<t><list style="symbols">
  <t>The Working Group
        <ul spacing="normal" bare="false" empty="false" indent="3" pn="section-2.1-3">
          <li pn="section-2.1-3.1">The working group processing time, from the first draft to the start of the IETF
last call;</t>
  <t>The call;</li>
          <li pn="section-2.1-3.2">The IETF processing time, which lasts from the beginning of the IETF last call to
the approval by the IESG, including the reviews by
various directorates;</t>
  <t>The directorates;</li>
          <li pn="section-2.1-3.3">The RFC production, from approval by the IESG to publication, including
the AUTH-48 reviews.</t>
</list></t>

<t>For AUTH48 reviews.</li>
        </ul>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-2.1-4">For submissions to the Independent Stream, we don't have a Working Group. working group.
We consider instead the progression of the individual draft until the
adoption by the ISE Independent Submissions Editor (ISE) as the equivalent of the "Working Group" period,
and the delay from adoption by the ISE until submission to the RFC Editor
as the equivalent of the IETF delay.</t>

<t>We processing time.</t>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-2.1-5">We measure the staring starting point of the process using the date of submission
of the first draft listed on that RFC page in the IETF datatracker. Datatracker. In most
case,
cases, this first draft is an individual draft that then resubmitted as a
Working Group
working group draft, or maybe resubmitted with a new name as the draft was
searching for a home in an IETF Working Group, working group, or before deciding for
submission on the Independent Stream.</t>

<t>The
        <t indent="0" pn="section-2.1-6">The IETF datatracker Datatracker entries for RFCs and drafts do not <em>always</em> list Working Group working group events like Working Group Last Call.

The only intermediate event that we list
between the first draft and the submission to the IESG is the Working Group
Adoption. For that, working group
adoption, for which we use the date of submission of the version 00 of the
draft eventually published as RFC. We also use the same definition that date (of submission of version 00) for drafts
submitted to the Independent Stream.</t>
      </section>
      <section anchor="sample-selection" title="Selecting numbered="true" toc="include" removeInRFC="false" pn="section-2.2">
        <name slugifiedName="name-selecting-a-random-sample-o">Selecting a Random Sample of RFCs">

<t>Basic RFCs</name>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-2.2-1">Basic production mechanisms could be evaluated by processing data from
the IETF datatracker, Datatracker, but subjective data requires manual assessment of results,
which can be time consuming. time-consuming. Since our resources are limited, we will only
perform this analysis for a small sample of RFCs, selected at random
from the list of RFCs approved in 2018. Specifically, we will pick
20 RFC numbers at random between:</t>

<t><list style="symbols">
  <t>RFC
        <ul spacing="normal" bare="false" empty="false" indent="3" pn="section-2.2-2">
          <li pn="section-2.2-2.1">RFC 8307, published in January 2018, and</t>
  <t>RFC and</li>
          <li pn="section-2.2-2.2">RFC 8511, published December 2018.</t>
</list></t>

<t>The 2018.</li>
        </ul>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-2.2-3">
   The list of 20 selected RFCs is: RFC 8411, RFC 8456, RFC 8446, RFC
   8355, RFC 8441, RFC 8324, RFC 8377, RFC 8498, RFC 8479, RFC 8453, RFC
   8429, RFC 8312, RFC 8492 , RFC 8378, RFC 8361, RFC 8472, RFC 8471,
   RFC 8466, RFC 8362, and RFC 8468.</t>

<t>When
        <t indent="0" pn="section-2.2-4">When evaluating delays and impact, we will compare the year 2018 to 2008 and
1998, 10 and 20 years ago. To drive this comparison, we pick 20 RFCs at random
among those published in 2008, and another 20 among those published in 1998.</t>

<t>The
        <t indent="0" pn="section-2.2-5">The list of the 20 randomly selected RFCs from 2008 is: RFC 5227, RFC 5174, RFC 5172, RFC 5354,
RFC 5195, RFC 5236, RFC 5348, RFC 5281, RFC 5186, RFC 5326, RFC 5277, RFC 5373, RFC 5404,
RFC 5329, RFC 5283, RFC 5358, RFC 5142, RFC 5271, RFC 5349, and RFC 5301.</t>

<t>The
        <t indent="0" pn="section-2.2-6">The list of the 20 randomly selected RFCs from 2008 1998 is: RFC 2431, RFC 2381, RFC 2387, RFC 2348,
RFC 2391, RFC 2267, RFC 2312, RFC 2448, RFC 2374, RFC 2398, RFC 2283, RFC 2382, RFC 2289,
RFC 2282, RFC 2404, RFC 2449, RFC 2317, RFC 2394, RFC 2297, and RFC 2323.</t>
      </section>
      <section numbered="true" removeInRFC="false" toc="include" pn="section-2.3">
        <name slugifiedName="name-conventions-used-in-this-do">Conventions Used in This Document</name>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-2.3-1">The following abbreviations are used in the tables:</t>
        <dl spacing="compact" indent="6" newline="false" pn="section-2.3-2">
          <dt pn="section-2.3-2.1">BCP</dt>
          <dd pn="section-2.3-2.2">Best Current Practice</dd>
          <dt pn="section-2.3-2.3">Exp</dt>
          <dd pn="section-2.3-2.4">Experimental</dd>
          <dt pn="section-2.3-2.5">Info</dt>
          <dd pn="section-2.3-2.6">Informational</dd>
          <dt pn="section-2.3-2.7">PS</dt>
          <dd pn="section-2.3-2.8">Proposed Standard</dd>
          <dt pn="section-2.3-2.9">DS</dt>
          <dd pn="section-2.3-2.10">Draft Standard [This maturity level was retired by RFC 6410.]</dd>
        </dl>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-2.3-3">In addition, Status is as defined in RFC 2026, and
Stream is as defined in RFC 8729.</t>
      </section>
    </section>
    <section anchor="sample-rfc-analysis" title="Analysis numbered="true" toc="include" removeInRFC="false" pn="section-3">
      <name slugifiedName="name-analysis-of-20-selected-rfc">Analysis of 20 Selected RFCs">

<t>We RFCs</name>
      <t indent="0" pn="section-3-1">We review each of the RFCs listed in <xref target="sample-selection"/> target="sample-selection" format="default" sectionFormat="of" derivedContent="Section 2.2"/> for the year 2018, trying
both to answer the known questions and to gather insight for further analyzes. analyses.
In many cases, the analysis of the data is complemented by direct feedback
from the RFC authors.</t>
      <section anchor="section" title="8411">
<t>IANA numbered="true" toc="include" removeInRFC="false" pn="section-3.1">
        <name slugifiedName="name-rfc-8411">RFC 8411</name>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-3.1-1">"IANA Registration for the Cryptographic Algorithm Object Identifier Range Range" <xref target="RFC8411"/>:</t>

<figure><artwork><![CDATA[
Informational, 5 pages
4 drafts (personal), first 2017-05-08.
Last call announced 2017-10-09
IESG evaluation starts 2017-12-28
Approved 2018-02-26, draft 03
AUTH-48 2018-04-20
AUTH-48 complete 2018-07-17
Published 2018-08-06
IANA action: create table
]]></artwork></figure>

<t>This target="RFC8411" format="default" sectionFormat="of" derivedContent="RFC8411"/>:</t>
        <dl indent="20" spacing="compact" newline="false" pn="section-3.1-2">
          <dt pn="section-3.1-2.1">Status (Length):</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.1-2.2">Informational (5 pages)</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.1-2.3">Overview:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.1-2.4">4 individual drafts</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.1-2.5">First draft:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.1-2.6">2017-05-08</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.1-2.7">Last Call start:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.1-2.8">2017-10-09</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.1-2.9">IESG eval. start:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.1-2.10">2017-12-28</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.1-2.11">IESG approved:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.1-2.12">2018-02-26 (draft 03)</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.1-2.13">AUTH48 start:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.1-2.14">2018-04-20</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.1-2.15">AUTH48 complete:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.1-2.16">2018-07-17</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.1-2.17">Published:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.1-2.18">2018-08-06</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.1-2.19">IANA action:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.1-2.20">create table</dd>
        </dl>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-3.1-3">This RFC was published from the individual draft, which was not resubmitted
as a Working Group working group draft.</t>

<t>The
        <t indent="0" pn="section-3.1-4">The draft underwent minor copy edit editing before publication.</t>

<t>Some
        <t indent="0" pn="section-3.1-5">Some but not all of the long delay in AUTH-48 AUTH48 is due to clustering with <xref target="RFC8410"/>. target="RFC8410" format="default" sectionFormat="of" derivedContent="RFC8410"/>.
MISSREF was cleared state concluded on 2018-05-09 and the document re-entered AUTH-48 AUTH48 at
once. AUTH-48 AUTH48 lasted over two months after that.</t>

<t>The that. (For state definitions, see
<eref brackets="angle" target="https://www.rfc-editor.org/about/queue/#state_def"/>.)</t>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-3.1-6">The time after AUTH-48 AUTH48 and before publication (3 weeks) partly
overlaps with travel for IETF-102 IETF 102 and is partly due to coordinating the
cluster.</t>
      </section>
      <section anchor="section-1" title="8456">
<t>Benchmarking anchor="sec-1" numbered="true" toc="include" removeInRFC="false" pn="section-3.2">
        <name slugifiedName="name-rfc-8456">RFC 8456</name>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-3.2-1">"Benchmarking Methodology for Software-Defined Networking (SDN)
Controller Performance Performance" <xref target="RFC8456"/>:</t>

<figure><artwork><![CDATA[
Informational, 64 pages
2 personal drafts, target="RFC8456" format="default" sectionFormat="of" derivedContent="RFC8456"/>:</t>
        <dl indent="20" spacing="compact" newline="false" pn="section-3.2-2">
          <dt pn="section-3.2-2.1">Status (Length):</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.2-2.2">Informational (64 pages)</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.2-2.3">Overview:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.2-2.4">2 individual drafts; 9 WG drafts, first 2015-03-23
WG adoption on 2015-10-18
Last call announced 2018-01-19
IESG evaluation starts 2018-02-27
IESG approved 2018-05-25
AUTH-48 2018-08-31
AUTH-48 complete 2018-10-16
Published 2018-10-30
]]></artwork></figure>

<t>The drafts</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.2-2.5">First draft:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.2-2.6">2015-03-23</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.2-2.7">WG adoption:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.2-2.8">2015-10-18</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.2-2.9">Last Call start:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.2-2.10">2018-01-19</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.2-2.11">IESG eval. start:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.2-2.12">2018-02-27</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.2-2.13">IESG approved:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.2-2.14">2018-05-25</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.2-2.15">AUTH48 start:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.2-2.16">2018-08-31</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.2-2.17">AUTH48 complete:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.2-2.18">2018-10-16</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.2-2.19">Published:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.2-2.20">2018-10-30</dd>
        </dl>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-3.2-3">
   The draft underwent very extensive copy editing, covering use of
   articles, turn of phrases, choice
of vocabulary. syntax, and word choice. The changes are enough to cause pagination differences. The "diff" tool marks pretty
much every page as changed. Some diagrams see change in protocol elements like message names.</t>

<t>According
        <t indent="0" pn="section-3.2-4">According to the author, the experience of producing this draft document mirrors a typical one in the
Benchmarking Methodologies Working Group (BMWG). There were multiple authors in multiple time
zones, which slowed down the AUTH-48 AUTH48 process somewhat, although the AUTH-48 AUTH48 delay of 46 days is only
a bit longer than the average draft.</t>

<t>The
        <t indent="0" pn="section-3.2-5">The RFC was part of cluster with <xref target="RFC8455"/>.</t>

<t>BMWG target="RFC8455" format="default" sectionFormat="of" derivedContent="RFC8455"/>.</t>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-3.2-6">BMWG publishes informational Informational RFCs centered around benchmarking,
and the methodologies in RFC 8456 have been implemented in benchmarking products.</t>
      </section>
      <section anchor="section-2" title="8446">
<t>The anchor="sec-2" numbered="true" toc="include" removeInRFC="false" pn="section-3.3">
        <name slugifiedName="name-rfc-8446">RFC 8446</name>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-3.3-1">"The Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol Version 1.3 1.3" <xref target="RFC8446"/>, target="RFC8446" format="default" sectionFormat="of" derivedContent="RFC8446"/>, as the title
indicates, defines the new version of the TLS protocol. From the IETF datatracker, Datatracker, we extract
the following:</t>

<figure><artwork><![CDATA[
Proposed standard
160 pages
29
        <dl indent="20" spacing="compact" newline="false" pn="section-3.3-2">
          <dt pn="section-3.3-2.1">Status (Length):</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.3-2.2">Proposed Standard (160 pages)</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.3-2.3">Overview:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.3-2.4">29 WG drafts first 2014-04-17.
Last call announced 2018-02-15
IESG evaluation starts 2018-03-02
Approved 2018-03-21, draft 28
AUTH-48 2018-06-14
AUTH-48 complete 2018-08-10
Published 2018-08-10
]]></artwork></figure>
<t>This drafts</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.3-2.5">First draft:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.3-2.6">2014-04-17</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.3-2.7">Last Call start:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.3-2.8">2018-02-15</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.3-2.9">IESG eval. start:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.3-2.10">2018-03-02</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.3-2.11">IESG approved:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.3-2.12">2018-03-21 (draft 28)</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.3-2.13">AUTH48 start:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.3-2.14">2018-06-14</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.3-2.15">AUTH48 complete:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.3-2.16">2018-08-10</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.3-2.17">Published:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.3-2.18">2018-08-10</dd>
        </dl>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-3.3-3">This draft started as a WG effort.</t>

<t>The
        <t indent="0" pn="section-3.3-4">The RFC was a major effort in the IETF. Working Group members group participants developed and tested
several implementations. Researchers analyzed the specifications and performed
formal verifications. Deployment tests outlined issues that caused extra work
when the specification was almost ready. These This complexity largely explains the
time spent in the Working Group.</t>

<t>Comparing working group.</t>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-3.3-5">Comparing the final draft to the published version, we find relatively light copy
editing. It includes explaining acronyms on first use, clarifying some definitions
standardizing punctiation punctuation and capitalization, and spelling out some numbers in text.
This generally fall in the category of "style", although some of the clarifications
go into message definitions. However, that simple analysis does not explain why
the AUTH-48 AUTH48 phase took almost two months.</t>

<t>This
        <t indent="0" pn="section-3.3-6">This document's AUTH-48 AUTH48 process was part of the "Github "GitHub experiment", which tried to
use github GitHub pull requests to track the AUTH-48 AUTH48 changes and review comments. The
RPC
RFC Production Center (RPC) staff had to learn using Github GitHub for that process, and this required more work
than the usual RFC. Author The author and AD thoroughly reviewed each proposed
edit, accepting some and rejecting some. The concern there was that
any change in a complex specification might affect a protocol that was extensively
reviewed in the Working Group, working group, but of course these reviews added time to the
AUTH-48
AUTH48 delays.</t>

<t>There
        <t indent="0" pn="section-3.3-7">There are 21 implementations listed
in the Wiki of the TLS 1.3 project <xref target="TLS13IMP"/>. target="TLS13IMP" format="default" sectionFormat="of" derivedContent="TLS13IMP"/>. It has been deployed on major browsers, and
is already used in a large fraction of TLS connections.</t>
      </section>
      <section anchor="section-3" title="8355">
<t>Resiliency anchor="sec-3" numbered="true" toc="include" removeInRFC="false" pn="section-3.4">
        <name slugifiedName="name-rfc-8355">RFC 8355</name>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-3.4-1">"Resiliency Use Cases in Source Packet Routing in Networking (SPRING) Networks Networks" <xref target="RFC8355"/> target="RFC8355" format="default" sectionFormat="of" derivedContent="RFC8355"/> is an informational Informational RFC.
It originated from a use case an informational draft that use-case draft; it was mostly used for the BOF creating the WG, and then to
drive initial work/evolutions work and evolutions from the WG.</t>

<figure><artwork><![CDATA[
Informational, 13 pages.
2 personal drafts (personal), first 2014-01-31.
        <dl indent="20" spacing="compact" newline="false" pn="section-3.4-2">
          <dt pn="section-3.4-2.1">Status (Length):</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.4-2.2">Informational (13 pages)</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.4-2.3">Overview:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.4-2.4">2 individual drafts; 13 WG drafts.
WG adoption on 2014-05-13
Last call announced 2017-04-20
IESG evaluation starts 2017-05-04, draft 09
Approved 2017-12-19, draft 12
AUTH-48 2018-03-12
AUTH-48 complete 2018-03-27
Published 2018-03-28
]]></artwork></figure>

<t>Minor drafts</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.4-2.5">First draft:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.4-2.6">2014-01-31</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.4-2.7">WG adoption:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.4-2.8">2014-05-13</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.4-2.9">Last Call start:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.4-2.10">2017-04-20</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.4-2.11">IESG eval. start:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.4-2.12">2017-05-04 (draft 09)</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.4-2.13">IESG approved:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.4-2.14">2017-12-19 (draft 12)</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.4-2.15">AUTH48 start:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.4-2.16">2018-03-12</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.4-2.17">AUTH48 complete:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.4-2.18">2018-03-27</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.4-2.19">Published:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.4-2.20">2018-03-28</dd>
        </dl>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-3.4-3">Minor set of copy edits, mostly for style.</t>

<t>No
        <t indent="0" pn="section-3.4-4">No implementation of the RFC itself, but the technology behind it such (such as
Segment Routing (architecture RFC 8402, Architecture <xref target="RFC8402" format="default" sectionFormat="of" derivedContent="RFC8402"/> and TI-LFA draft-ietf-rtgwg-segment-routing-ti-lfa) <xref target="I-D.ietf-rtgwg-segment-routing-ti-lfa" format="default" sectionFormat="of" derivedContent="TI-LFA"/>) is widely implemented
and deployment is ongoing.</t>

<t>According
        <t indent="0" pn="section-3.4-5">According to participants in the discussion, the process of adoption of the source packet routing
standards was very contentious. The establishment of consensus at both the Working Group working group level
and the IETF level was difficult and time consuming.</t> time-consuming.</t>
      </section>
      <section anchor="section-4" title="8441">
<t>Bootstrapping anchor="sec-4" numbered="true" toc="include" removeInRFC="false" pn="section-3.5">
        <name slugifiedName="name-rfc-8441">RFC 8441</name>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-3.5-1">"Bootstrapping WebSockets with HTTP/2 HTTP/2" <xref target="RFC8441"/></t>

<figure><artwork><![CDATA[
Proposed standard, target="RFC8441" format="default" sectionFormat="of" derivedContent="RFC8441"/></t>
        <dl indent="20" spacing="compact" newline="false" pn="section-3.5-2">
          <dt pn="section-3.5-2.1">Status (Length):</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.5-2.2">Proposed Standard (8 pages)</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.5-2.3">Overview:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.5-2.4">3 individual drafts; 8 pages. WG drafts; Updates RFC 6455.
3 personal drafts (personal), first 2017-10-15. 8 WG drafts.
WG adoption on 2017-12-19
Last call announced 2018-05-07, draft 05
IESG evaluation starts 2018-05-29, draft 06
Approved 2018-06-07, draft 07
AUTH-48 2018-08-13
AUTH-48 complete 2018-09-15
Published 2018-09-21
IANA Action: table entries
]]></artwork></figure>

<t>This 6455</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.5-2.5">First draft:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.5-2.6">2017-10-15</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.5-2.7">WG adoption:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.5-2.8">2017-12-19</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.5-2.9">Last Call start:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.5-2.10">2018-05-07 (draft 05)</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.5-2.11">IESG eval. start:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.5-2.12">2018-05-29 (draft 06)</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.5-2.13">IESG approved:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.5-2.14">2018-06-18 (draft 07)</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.5-2.15">AUTH48 start:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.5-2.16">2018-08-13</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.5-2.17">AUTH48 complete:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.5-2.18">2018-09-15</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.5-2.19">Published:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.5-2.20">2018-09-18</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.5-2.21">IANA action:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.5-2.22">table entries</dd>
        </dl>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-3.5-3">This RFC defines the support of WebSockets in HTTP/2, which is different
from the mechanism defined for HTTP/1.1 in <xref target="RFC6455"/>. target="RFC6455" format="default" sectionFormat="of" derivedContent="RFC6455"/>. The process was
relatively straightforward, involving the usual type of discussions, some
on details and some on important points.</t>

<t>Comparing
        <t indent="0" pn="section-3.5-4">Comparing the final draft and published RFC shows a minor set of copy edit, edits,
mostly for style. However, the author recalls a painful process. The RFC
includes many charts and graphs that were very difficult to format
correctly in the author's production process that involve involved conversions
from markdown to XML, and then from XML to text. The author had to
get substantial help from the RFC editor.</t>

<t>There Editor.</t>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-3.5-5">There are several implementations, including Firefox and Chrome,
making RFC 8441 a very successful specification.</t>
      </section>
      <section anchor="analyse-8324" title="8324">
<t>DNS numbered="true" toc="include" removeInRFC="false" pn="section-3.6">
        <name slugifiedName="name-rfc-8324">RFC 8324</name>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-3.6-1">"DNS Privacy, Authorization, Special Uses, Encoding, Characters, Matching, and Root Structure:
Time for Another Look? Look?" <xref target="RFC8324"/>. target="RFC8324" format="default" sectionFormat="of" derivedContent="RFC8324"/>. This is an opinion piece on DNS development,
published on the Independent Stream.</t>

<figure><artwork><![CDATA[
Informational, 29 pages.
        <dl indent="20" spacing="compact" newline="false" pn="section-3.6-2">
          <dt pn="section-3.6-2.1">Status (Length):</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.6-2.2">Informational (29 pages)</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.6-2.3">Overview:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.6-2.4">5 individual drafts; Independent Stream.
5 personal drafts (personal), first 2017-06-02.
ISE Stream</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.6-2.5">First draft:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.6-2.6">2017-06-02</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.6-2.7">ISE review started 2017-07-10, draft 03
IETF start:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.6-2.8">2017-07-10 (draft 03)</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.6-2.9">IETF conflict review and IESG review started 2017-10-29
Approved 2017-12-18, draft 04
AUTH-48 2018-01-29, draft 05
AUTH-48 complete 2018-02-26
Published 2018-02-27
]]></artwork></figure>

<t>This start:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.6-2.10">2017-10-29</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.6-2.11">Approved:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.6-2.12">2017-12-18 (draft 04)</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.6-2.13">AUTH48 start:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.6-2.14">2018-01-29 (draft 05)</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.6-2.15">AUTH48 complete:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.6-2.16">2018-02-26</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.6-2.17">Published:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.6-2.18">2018-02-27</dd>
        </dl>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-3.6-3">This RFC took only 9 months from first draft to publication, which is the shortest in
the 2018 sample set. In part, this is because the text was privately circulated
and reviewed by ISE designated the ISE's selected experts before the first draft was published.
The nature of the document is
another reason for the short delay. It is an opinion piece, piece and does not require
the same type of consensus building and reviews than as a protocol specification.</t>

<t>Comparing
        <t indent="0" pn="section-3.6-4">Comparing the final draft and the published version shows only minor copy edit, edits, mostly
for style. According to the author, because this is because he knows how to write in RFC
Style
style with the result that his documents often need a minimum of editing. He also
makes sure that the document on which the
RFC Production Center starts working already has changes discussed
and approved during Last Call and IESG review incorporated incorporated,
rather than expecting the Production Center to operate off of
notes about changed changes to be made.</t>
      </section>
      <section anchor="section-5" title="8377">
<t>Transparent anchor="sec-5" numbered="true" toc="include" removeInRFC="false" pn="section-3.7">
        <name slugifiedName="name-rfc-8377">RFC 8377</name>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-3.7-1">"Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL): Multi-Topology Multi-Topology" <xref target="RFC8377"/></t>

<figure><artwork><![CDATA[
Proposed standard, 20 pages. Updates RFC 6325, 7177.
3 personal drafts (personal), first 2013-09-03. target="RFC8377" format="default" sectionFormat="of" derivedContent="RFC8377"/></t>
        <dl indent="20" spacing="compact" newline="false" pn="section-3.7-2">
          <dt pn="section-3.7-2.1">Status (Length):</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.7-2.2">Proposed Standard (20 pages)</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.7-2.3">Overview:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.7-2.4">3 individual drafts; 7 WG drafts.
WG adoption on 2015-09-01
Last call announced 2018-02-19, draft 05
IESG evaluation starts 2018-03-02, draft 06
Approved 2018-03-12, draft 05
AUTH-48 2018-04-20, draft 06
AUTH-48 complete 2018-07-31
Published 2018-07-31
IANA Table, table entries
]]></artwork></figure>

<t>Minor drafts; Updates RFCs 6325 and 7177</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.7-2.5">First draft:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.7-2.6">2013-09-03</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.7-2.7">WG adoption:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.7-2.8">2015-09-01</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.7-2.9">Last Call start:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.7-2.10">2018-02-19 (draft 05)</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.7-2.11">IESG eval. start:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.7-2.12">2018-03-06 (draft 05)</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.7-2.13">IESG approved:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.7-2.14">2018-03-12 (draft 06)</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.7-2.15">AUTH48 start:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.7-2.16">2018-04-20 (draft 06)</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.7-2.17">AUTH48 complete:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.7-2.18">2018-07-31</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.7-2.19">Published:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.7-2.20">2018-07-31</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.7-2.21">IANA action:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.7-2.22">table entries</dd>
        </dl>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-3.7-3">Minor set of copy edits, mostly for style, also clarity.</t>
      </section>
      <section anchor="section-6" title="8498">
<t>A anchor="sec-6" numbered="true" toc="include" removeInRFC="false" pn="section-3.8">
        <name slugifiedName="name-rfc-8498">RFC 8498</name>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-3.8-1">"A P-Served-User Header Field Parameter for an Originating Call Diversion (CDIV)
Session Case in the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) (SIP)" <xref target="RFC8498"/>.</t>

<figure><artwork><![CDATA[
Informational, 15 pages.
5 personal drafts (personal), first 2016-03-21. target="RFC8498" format="default" sectionFormat="of" derivedContent="RFC8498"/>.</t>
        <dl indent="20" spacing="compact" newline="false" pn="section-3.8-2">
          <dt pn="section-3.8-2.1">Status (Length):</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.8-2.2">Informational (15 pages)</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.8-2.3">Overview:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.8-2.4">5 individual drafts; 9 WG drafts.
WG adoption on 2017-05-15
Last call announced 2018-10-12, draft 05
IESG evaluation starts 2018-11-28, draft 07
Approved 2018-12-10, draft 08
AUTH-48 2019-01-28
AUTH-48 complete 2019-02-13
Published 2019-02-15
IANA Action, table drafts</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.8-2.5">First draft:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.8-2.6">2016-03-21</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.8-2.7">WG adoption:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.8-2.8">2017-05-15</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.8-2.9">Last Call start:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.8-2.10">2018-10-12 (draft 05)</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.8-2.11">IESG eval. start:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.8-2.12">2018-11-28 (draft 07)</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.8-2.13">IESG approved:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.8-2.14">2018-12-11 (draft 08)</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.8-2.15">AUTH48 start:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.8-2.16">2019-01-28</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.8-2.17">AUTH48 complete:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.8-2.18">2019-02-13</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.8-2.19">Published:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.8-2.20">2019-02-14</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.8-2.21">IANA action:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.8-2.22">table rows added.
]]></artwork></figure>

<t>Copy edit added.</dd>
        </dl>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-3.8-3">Copy edits for style, but also clarification of ambiguous sentences.</t>
      </section>
      <section anchor="section-7" title="8479">
<t>Storing anchor="sec-7" numbered="true" toc="include" removeInRFC="false" pn="section-3.9">
        <name slugifiedName="name-rfc-8479">RFC 8479</name>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-3.9-1">"Storing Validation Parameters in PKCS#8 PKCS#8" <xref target="RFC8479"/></t>

<figure><artwork><![CDATA[
Informational, 8 pages. target="RFC8479" format="default" sectionFormat="of" derivedContent="RFC8479"/></t>
        <dl indent="20" spacing="compact" newline="false" pn="section-3.9-2">
          <dt pn="section-3.9-2.1">Status (Length):</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.9-2.2">Informational (8 pages)</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.9-2.3">Overview:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.9-2.4">5 individual drafts; Independent Stream.
5 personal drafts (personal), first 2017-08-08.
ISE Stream</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.9-2.5">First draft:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.9-2.6">2017-08-08</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.9-2.7">ISE review started 2018-12-10, draft 00
IETF start:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.9-2.8">2018-12-10 (draft 00)</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.9-2.9">IETF conflict review and IESG review started 2018-03-29
Approved 2018-08-20, draft 03
AUTH-48 2018-09-20, draft 04
AUTH-48 complete 2018-09-25
Published 2018-09-26
]]></artwork></figure>

<t>The start:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.9-2.10">2018-03-29</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.9-2.11">Approved:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.9-2.12">2018-08-20 (draft 03)</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.9-2.13">AUTH48 start:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.9-2.14">2018-09-20 (draft 04)</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.9-2.15">AUTH48 complete:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.9-2.16">2018-09-25</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.9-2.17">Published:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.9-2.18">2018-09-26</dd>
        </dl>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-3.9-3">The goal of the draft was to document what the
gnutls implementation was using for storing provably generated RSA keys.
This is a short RFC that was published relatively quickly, although
discussion between the author, the Independent Series Editor Submissions Editor, and the
IESG lasted several months. In the initial conflict review, The the IESG asked
the ISE to not publish this document before IETF Working Groups working groups had
an opportunity to pick up the work. The author met that requirement by
a presentation to the SECDISPATCH WG in during IETF 102. Since no WG was
interested in pickup picking up the work, the document progressed on the
Independent Stream.</t>

<t>Very
        <t indent="0" pn="section-3.9-4">Very minor set of copy edit, edits, moving some references from normative to informative.</t>

<t>The
        <t indent="0" pn="section-3.9-5">The author is not aware of other implementations than gnutls relying on this RFC.</t>
      </section>
      <section anchor="section-8" title="8453">
<t>Framework anchor="sec-8" numbered="true" toc="include" removeInRFC="false" pn="section-3.10">
        <name slugifiedName="name-rfc-8453">RFC 8453</name>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-3.10-1">"Framework for Abstraction and Control of TE Networks (ACTN) (ACTN)" <xref target="RFC8453"/></t>

<figure><artwork><![CDATA[
Informational, 42 pages.
3 personal drafts, first 2015-06-15. target="RFC8453" format="default" sectionFormat="of" derivedContent="RFC8453"/></t>
        <dl indent="20" spacing="compact" newline="false" pn="section-3.10-2">
          <dt pn="section-3.10-2.1">Status (Length):</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.10-2.2">Informational (42 pages)</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.10-2.3">Overview:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.10-2.4">3 individual drafts; 16 WG drafts.
WG adoption on 2016-07-15
Out of WG 2018-01-26, draft 11
Expert drafts</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.10-2.5">First draft:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.10-2.6">2015-06-15</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.10-2.7">WG adoption:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.10-2.8">2016-07-15</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.10-2.9">Out of WG:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.10-2.10">2018-01-26 (draft 11)</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.10-2.11">Expert review requested, 2018-02-13
Last call announced 2018-04-16, draft 13
IESG evaluation starts 2018-05-16, draft 14
Approved 2018-06-01, draft 15
AUTH-48 2018-08-13
AUTH-48 complete 2018-08-20
Published 2018-08-20
IANA Action, table requested:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.10-2.12">2018-02-13</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.10-2.13">Last Call start:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.10-2.14">2018-04-16 (draft 13)</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.10-2.15">IESG eval. start:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.10-2.16">2018-05-16 (draft 14)</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.10-2.17">IESG approved:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.10-2.18">2018-06-01 (draft 15)</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.10-2.19">AUTH48 start:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.10-2.20">2018-08-13</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.10-2.21">AUTH48 complete:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.10-2.22">2018-08-20</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.10-2.23">Published:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.10-2.24">2018-08-23</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.10-2.25">IANA action:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.10-2.26">table rows added.
]]></artwork></figure>

<t>Minor added.</dd>
        </dl>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-3.10-3">Minor copy editing.</t>
      </section>
      <section anchor="section-9" title="8429">
<t>Deprecate anchor="sec-9" numbered="true" toc="include" removeInRFC="false" pn="section-3.11">
        <name slugifiedName="name-rfc-8429">RFC 8429</name>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-3.11-1">"Deprecate Triple-DES (3DES) and RC4 in Kerberos Kerberos" <xref target="RFC8429"/></t>

<figure><artwork><![CDATA[
BCP, 10 pages.
6 target="RFC8429" format="default" sectionFormat="of" derivedContent="RFC8429"/></t>
        <dl indent="20" spacing="compact" newline="false" pn="section-3.11-2">
          <dt pn="section-3.11-2.1">Status (Length):</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.11-2.2">BCP (10 pages)</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.11-2.3">Overview:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.11-2.4">6 WG drafts, first 2017-05-01.
Last call announced 2017-07-16, draft 03
IESG evaluation starts 2017-08-18, draft 04
Approved 2018-05-25, draft 05
AUTH-48 2018-07-24
AUTH-48 complete 2018-10-31
Published 2018-10-31
IANA Action, table drafts</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.11-2.5">First draft:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.11-2.6">2017-05-01</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.11-2.7">Last Call start:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.11-2.8">2017-07-16 (draft 03)</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.11-2.9">IESG eval. start:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.11-2.10">2017-08-18 (draft 04)</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.11-2.11">IESG approved:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.11-2.12">2018-05-25 (draft 05)</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.11-2.13">AUTH48 start:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.11-2.14">2018-07-24</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.11-2.15">AUTH48 complete:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.11-2.16">2018-10-31</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.11-2.17">Published:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.11-2.18">2018-10-31</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.11-2.19">IANA action:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.11-2.20">table rows added.
]]></artwork></figure>

<t>This added.</dd>
        </dl>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-3.11-3">This draft started as a Working Group working group effort.</t>

<t>This
        <t indent="0" pn="section-3.11-4">This RFC recommends to deprecate deprecating two encryption algorithms that are now considered
obsolete and possibly broken. The document was sent back to the WG after the first last call, Last Call,
edited, and then there was a second last call. Last Call. The delay from first draft to Working Group
last call
Last Call was relatively short, but the number may be misleading. The initial draft was a
replacement of a similar draft in the KITTEN Working Group, which stagnated for some time
before the CURDLE Working Group took up the work.
The deprecation of RC4 was somewhat contentious, but the WG had already debated this
prior to the production of this draft, and the draft was not delayed by this debate.</t>

<t>Most
        <t indent="0" pn="section-3.11-5">Most of the 280 days between IETF LC and IESG approval was were
because the IESG had to talk about whether this document should obsolete RFC 4757 or
move it to historic RFC 4757, Historic status, and no one was really actively pushing that
discussion for a while.</t>

<t>The
        <t indent="0" pn="section-3.11-6">The 99 days in AUTH-48 AUTH48 are mostly because one of the authors was a sitting AD, and those
duties ended up taking precedence over reviewing this document.</t>

<t>Minor
        <t indent="0" pn="section-3.11-7">Minor copy editing, for style.</t>

<t>The
        <t indent="0" pn="section-3.11-8">The implementation of the draft would be the actual removal of support for 3DES and RC4
in major implementations. This is happening, but very slowly.</t>
      </section>
      <section anchor="section-10" title="8312">
<t>CUBIC anchor="sec-10" numbered="true" toc="include" removeInRFC="false" pn="section-3.12">
        <name slugifiedName="name-rfc-8312">RFC 8312</name>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-3.12-1">"CUBIC for Fast Long-Distance Networks Networks" <xref target="RFC8312"/></t>

<figure><artwork><![CDATA[
Informational, 18 pages.
2 personal drafts, first 2014-09-01. target="RFC8312" format="default" sectionFormat="of" derivedContent="RFC8312"/></t>
        <dl indent="20" spacing="compact" newline="false" pn="section-3.12-2">
          <dt pn="section-3.12-2.1">Status (Length):</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.12-2.2">Informational (18 pages)</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.12-2.3">Overview:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.12-2.4">2 individual drafts; 8 WG drafts
WG adoption on 2015-06-08
Last call announced 2017-09-18, draft 06
IESG evaluation starts 2017-11-14
Approved 2017-10-04, draft 07
AUTH-48 2018-01-08
AUTH-48 complete 2018-02-07
Published 2018-02-07
IANA Action, table drafts</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.12-2.5">First draft:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.12-2.6">2014-09-01</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.12-2.7">WG adoption:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.12-2.8">2015-06-08</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.12-2.9">Last Call start:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.12-2.10">2017-09-18 (draft 06)</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.12-2.11">IESG eval. start:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.12-2.12">2017-10-04</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.12-2.13">IESG approved:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.12-2.14">2017-11-14 (draft 07)</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.12-2.15">AUTH48 start:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.12-2.16">2018-01-08</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.12-2.17">AUTH48 complete:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.12-2.18">2018-02-07</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.12-2.19">Published:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.12-2.20">2018-02-07</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.12-2.21">IANA action:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.12-2.22">table rows added.
]]></artwork></figure>

<t>Minor added.</dd>
        </dl>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-3.12-3">Minor copy editing, for style.</t>

<t>The
        <t indent="0" pn="section-3.12-4">The TCP congestion control algorithm Cubic was defined first defined in 2005, was implemented
in Linux soon after, and was implemented in major OSes after that. After some debates
from 2015 to 2015, the TCPM Working Group adopted the draft, with a goal of
documenting Cubic in the RFc series. RFC Series. According to the authors, this was not
a high priority high-priority effort, as Cubic was already implemented in multiple OSes
and documented in research papers. At some point, only one of the authors
was actively working on the draft. Ths This may explain why another two years was spent
progressing the draft after adoption by the WG.</t>

<t>The
        <t indent="0" pn="section-3.12-5">The RFC publication may or may not have triggered further implementations. On
the other hand, several OSes picked up bug fixes from the draft and the RFC.</t>
      </section>
      <section anchor="section-11" title="8492">
<t>Secure anchor="sec-11" numbered="true" toc="include" removeInRFC="false" pn="section-3.13">
        <name slugifiedName="name-rfc-8492">RFC 8492</name>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-3.13-1">"Secure Password Ciphersuites for Transport Layer Security (TLS) (TLS)" <xref target="RFC8492"/></t>

<figure><artwork><![CDATA[
Informational, 40 pages. (Independent Stream)
10 personal drafts, first 2012-09-07. target="RFC8492" format="default" sectionFormat="of" derivedContent="RFC8492"/></t>
        <dl indent="20" spacing="compact" newline="false" pn="section-3.13-2">
          <dt pn="section-3.13-2.1">Status (Length):</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.13-2.2">Informational (40 pages)</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.13-2.3">Overview:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.13-2.4">10 individual drafts; 8 WG drafts
Targeted to ISE stream 2016-08-05
ISE drafts; Independent Stream</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.13-2.5">First draft:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.13-2.6">2012-09-07</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.13-2.7">Targeted to ISE:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.13-2.8">2016-08-05</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.13-2.9">ISE review started 2017-05-10, draft 01
IETF start:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.13-2.10">2017-05-10 (draft 01)</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.13-2.11">IETF conflict review and IESG review started 2017-09-04
Approved 2017-10-29, draft 04
AUTH-48 2018-10-19, draft 05
AUTH-48 complete 2019-02-19
Published 2019-02-21
IANA Action, table start:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.13-2.12">2017-09-04</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.13-2.13">Approved:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.13-2.14">2017-10-29 (draft 02)</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.13-2.15">AUTH48 start:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.13-2.16">2018-10-19 (draft 05)</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.13-2.17">AUTH48 complete:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.13-2.18">2019-02-19</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.13-2.19">Published:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.13-2.20">2019-02-21</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.13-2.21">IANA action:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.13-2.22">table rows added.
]]></artwork></figure>

<t>This added.</dd>
        </dl>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-3.13-3">This RFC has a complex history. The first individual draft was submitted to the
TLS Working Group on September 7, 2012. It progressed there, and was adopted
by the WG after 3 revisions. There were then 8 revisions in the TLS WG,
until the WG decided to not progress it.

The draft was parked in 2013 by
the WG chairs after failing to get consensus in WG last call. Last Call. The AD finally
pulled the plug in 2016, and the draft was then resubmitted to the ISE.</t>

<t>At
        <t indent="0" pn="section-3.13-4">At that point, the author was busy and was treating this RFC with a
low priority because, in his words, it would not be a "real RFC".
There were problems with the draft that only came up late. In particular,
it had to wait for a change in registry policy that only came about with
the publication of TLS 1.3, which caused the draft to only be published
after RFC 8446, and also required adding references to TLS 1.3.
The author also got a very late comment while in AUTH-48 AUTH48 that
caused some rewrite. rewriting. Finally, there was some IANA issue with the extension
registry where a similar extension was added by someone else. The draft
was changed to just use it.</t>

<t>Changes
        <t indent="0" pn="section-3.13-5">Changes in AUTH-48 AUTH48 include added adding a reference to TLS 1.3, copy-editing copy editing for style,
some added requirements, added paragraphs, and changes in algorithms specification.</t>
      </section>
      <section anchor="section-12" title="8378">
<t>Signal-Free anchor="sec-12" numbered="true" toc="include" removeInRFC="false" pn="section-3.14">
        <name slugifiedName="name-rfc-8378">RFC 8378</name>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-3.14-1">"Signal-Free Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP) Multicast Multicast" <xref target="RFC8378"/> target="RFC8378" format="default" sectionFormat="of" derivedContent="RFC8378"/> is
an experimental Experimental RFC, defining how to implement Multicast in the LISP
architecture.</t>

<figure><artwork><![CDATA[
Experimental, 21 pages.
5 personal drafts, first 2014-02-28.
        <dl indent="20" spacing="compact" newline="false" pn="section-3.14-2">
          <dt pn="section-3.14-2.1">Status (Length):</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.14-2.2">Experimental (21 pages)</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.14-2.3">Overview:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.14-2.4">5 individual drafts; 10 WG drafts
WG adoption on 2015-12-21
Last call announced 2018-02-13, draft 07
IESG evaluation starts 2018-02-28, draft 08
Approved 2018-03-12, draft 09
AUTH-48 2018-04-23
AUTH-48 complete 2018-05-02
Published 2018-05-02
]]></artwork></figure>

<t>Preparing drafts</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.14-2.5">First draft:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.14-2.6">2014-02-28</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.14-2.7">WG adoption:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.14-2.8">2015-12-21</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.14-2.9">Last Call start:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.14-2.10">2018-02-13 (draft 07)</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.14-2.11">IESG eval. start:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.14-2.12">2018-02-28 (draft 08)</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.14-2.13">IESG approved:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.14-2.14">2018-03-12 (draft 09)</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.14-2.15">AUTH48 start:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.14-2.16">2018-04-23</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.14-2.17">AUTH48 complete:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.14-2.18">2018-05-02</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.14-2.19">Published:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.14-2.20">2018-05-02</dd>
        </dl>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-3.14-3">Preparing the RFC took more than 4 years. According to the authors, they were
not aggressive aggressively pushing it and just let the Working Group working group process decide to pace
it. They also did implementations during that time.</t>

<t>Minor
        <t indent="0" pn="section-3.14-4">Minor copy editing, for style.</t>

<t>The
        <t indent="0" pn="section-3.14-5">The RFC was implemented by lispers.net and cisco, Cisco,
and it was used in doing IPv6 multicast over IPv4 unicast/multicast at the Olympics
in PyeungChang. The plan is to work on a proposedstandard Proposed Standard once the
experiment concludes.</t>
      </section>
      <section anchor="section-13" title="8361">
<t>Transparent anchor="sec-13" numbered="true" toc="include" removeInRFC="false" pn="section-3.15">
        <name slugifiedName="name-rfc-8361">RFC 8361</name>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-3.15-1">"Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL):
Centralized Replication for Active-Active Broadcast,
Unknown Unicast, and Multicast (BUM) Traffic Traffic" <xref target="RFC8361"/></t>

<figure><artwork><![CDATA[
Proposed Standard, 17 pages.
3 personal drafts, first 2013-11-12. target="RFC8361" format="default" sectionFormat="of" derivedContent="RFC8361"/></t>
        <dl indent="20" spacing="compact" newline="false" pn="section-3.15-2">
          <dt pn="section-3.15-2.1">Status (Length):</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.15-2.2">Proposed Standard (17 pages)</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.15-2.3">Overview:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.15-2.4">3 individual drafts; 14 WG drafts
WG adoption on 2014-12-16
Last call announced 2017-11-28, draft 10
IESG evaluation starts 2017-12-18, draft 11
Approved 2018-01-29, draft 13
AUTH-48 2018-03-09
AUTH-48 complete 2018-04-09
Published 2018-04-12
]]></artwork></figure>

<t>According drafts</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.15-2.5">First draft:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.15-2.6">2013-11-12</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.15-2.7">WG adoption:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.15-2.8">2014-12-16</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.15-2.9">Last Call start:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.15-2.10">2017-11-28 (draft 10)</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.15-2.11">IESG eval. start:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.15-2.12">2017-12-18 (draft 11)</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.15-2.13">IESG approved:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.15-2.14">2018-01-29 (draft 13)</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.15-2.15">AUTH48 start:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.15-2.16">2018-03-09</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.15-2.17">AUTH48 complete:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.15-2.18">2018-04-09</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.15-2.19">Published:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.15-2.20">2018-04-12</dd>
        </dl>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-3.15-3">According to the authors, the long delays in producing this RFC was were
due to a slow uptake of the technology in the industry.</t>

<t>Minor
        <t indent="0" pn="section-3.15-4">Minor copy editing, for style.</t>

<t>There
        <t indent="0" pn="section-3.15-5">There was at least 1 one partial implementation.</t>
      </section>
      <section anchor="section-14" title="8472">
<t>Transport anchor="sec-14" numbered="true" toc="include" removeInRFC="false" pn="section-3.16">
        <name slugifiedName="name-rfc-8472">RFC 8472</name>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-3.16-1">"Transport Layer Security (TLS) Extension for Token Binding Protocol Negotiation Negotiation" <xref target="RFC8472"/></t>

<figure><artwork><![CDATA[
Proposed Standard, 8 pages.
1 personal drafts, 2015-05-29. target="RFC8472" format="default" sectionFormat="of" derivedContent="RFC8472"/></t>
        <dl indent="20" spacing="compact" newline="false" pn="section-3.16-2">
          <dt pn="section-3.16-2.1">Status (Length):</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.16-2.2">Proposed Standard (8 pages)</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.16-2.3">Overview:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.16-2.4">1 individual draft; 15 WG drafts
WG adoption on 2015-09-11
Last call announced 2017-11-13, draft 10
IESG evaluation starts 2018-03-19
Approved 2018-07-20, draft 14
AUTH-48 2018-09-17
AUTH-48 complete 2018-09-25
Published 2018-10-08
]]></artwork></figure>

<t>This drafts</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.16-2.5">First draft:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.16-2.6">2015-05-29</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.16-2.7">WG adoption:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.16-2.8">2015-09-11</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.16-2.9">Last Call start:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.16-2.10">2017-11-13 (draft 10)</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.16-2.11">IESG eval. start:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.16-2.12">2018-03-19</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.16-2.13">IESG approved:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.16-2.14">2018-07-20 (draft 14)</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.16-2.15">AUTH48 start:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.16-2.16">2018-09-17</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.16-2.17">AUTH48 complete:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.16-2.18">2018-09-25</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.16-2.19">Published:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.16-2.20">2018-10-08</dd>
        </dl>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-3.16-3">This is a pretty simple document, but it took over 3 years from individual draft to RFC. According to
the authors,the biggest setbacks occurred at the start: it took a while to find a home for this draft.
It was presented in the TLS WG (because it's a TLS extension) and UTA WG (because it has to do with
applications using TLS). Then the ADs determined that a new WG was needed, so the authors had to work
through the WG creation process, including running a BOF.</t>

<t>Minor
        <t indent="0" pn="section-3.16-4">Minor copy editing, for style, with the addition of a reference to TLS 1.3.</t>

<t>Perhaps
        <t indent="0" pn="section-3.16-5">Perhaps partially due to the delays, some of the implementers lost interest in supporting this RFC.</t>
      </section>
      <section anchor="section-15" title="8471">
<t>The anchor="sec-15" numbered="true" toc="include" removeInRFC="false" pn="section-3.17">
        <name slugifiedName="name-rfc-8471">RFC 8471</name>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-3.17-1">"The Token Binding Protocol Version 1.0 1.0" <xref target="RFC8471"/></t>

<figure><artwork><![CDATA[
Proposed Standard, 18 pages.
1 personal drafts, 2014-10-13. target="RFC8471" format="default" sectionFormat="of" derivedContent="RFC8471"/></t>
        <dl indent="20" spacing="compact" newline="false" pn="section-3.17-2">
          <dt pn="section-3.17-2.1">Status (Length):</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.17-2.2">Proposed Standard (18 pages)</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.17-2.3">Overview:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.17-2.4">1 individual draft; 19 WG drafts
WG adoption on 2015-03-15
Last call announced 2017-11-13, draft 16
IESG evaluation starts 2018-03-19
Approved 2018-07-20, draft 19
AUTH-48 2018-09-17
AUTH-48 complete 2018-09-25
Published 2018-10-08
]]></artwork></figure>
<t>Presentation of drafts</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.17-2.5">First draft:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.17-2.6">2014-10-13</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.17-2.7">WG adoption:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.17-2.8">2015-03-15</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.17-2.9">Last Call start:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.17-2.10">2017-11-13 (draft 16)</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.17-2.11">IESG eval. start:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.17-2.12">2018-03-19</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.17-2.13">IESG approved:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.17-2.14">2018-07-20 (draft 19)</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.17-2.15">AUTH48 start:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.17-2.16">2018-09-17</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.17-2.17">AUTH48 complete:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.17-2.18">2018-09-25</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.17-2.19">Published:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.17-2.20">2018-10-08</dd>
        </dl>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-3.17-3">This document presents a Token Binding Protocol for TLS.
   We can notice a delay
   period of 5 months before adoption of the draft by the WG.  That
   explains in part the overall delay time of almost 4 years from first draft
   to
publication.</t>

<t>Minor publication.
        </t>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-3.17-4">Minor copy editing, for style.</t>

<t>The
        <t indent="0" pn="section-3.17-5">The web references indicates indicate adoption in multiple development projects.</t>
      </section>
      <section anchor="section-16" title="8466">
<t>A anchor="sec-16" numbered="true" toc="include" removeInRFC="false" pn="section-3.18">
        <name slugifiedName="name-rfc-8466">RFC 8466</name>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-3.18-1">"A YANG Data Model for Layer 2 Virtual Private Network (L2VPN) Service Delivery Delivery" <xref target="RFC8466"/></t>

<figure><artwork><![CDATA[
Proposed Standard, 158 pages.
5 personal drafts, first 2016-09-01. target="RFC8466" format="default" sectionFormat="of" derivedContent="RFC8466"/></t>
        <dl indent="20" spacing="compact" newline="false" pn="section-3.18-2">
          <dt pn="section-3.18-2.1">Status (Length):</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.18-2.2">Proposed Standard (158 pages)</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.18-2.3">Overview:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.18-2.4">5 individual drafts; 11 WG drafts
WG adoption on 2017-02-26
Last call announced 2018-02-21, draft 07
IESG evaluation starts 2018-03-14, draft 08
Approved 2018-06-25, draft 10
AUTH-48 2018-09-17
AUTH-48 complete 2018-10-09
Published 2018-10-12
]]></artwork></figure>

<t>Copy drafts</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.18-2.5">First draft:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.18-2.6">2016-09-01</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.18-2.7">WG adoption:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.18-2.8">2017-02-26</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.18-2.9">Last Call start:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.18-2.10">2018-02-21 (draft 07)</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.18-2.11">IESG eval. start:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.18-2.12">2018-03-14 (draft 08)</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.18-2.13">IESG approved:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.18-2.14">2018-06-25 (draft 10)</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.18-2.15">AUTH48 start:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.18-2.16">2018-09-17</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.18-2.17">AUTH48 complete:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.18-2.18">2018-10-09</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.18-2.19">Published:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.18-2.20">2018-10-12</dd>
        </dl>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-3.18-3">Copy editing for style and clarity, with also corrections to the yang YANG model.</t>
      </section>
      <section anchor="section-17" title="8362">
<t>OSPFv3 anchor="sec-17" numbered="true" toc="include" removeInRFC="false" pn="section-3.19">
        <name slugifiedName="name-rfc-8362">RFC 8362</name>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-3.19-1">"OSPFv3 Link State Advertisement (LSA) Extensibility Extensibility" <xref target="RFC8362"/> target="RFC8362" format="default" sectionFormat="of" derivedContent="RFC8362"/> is a major extension to the
OSPF protocol. It makes OSPFv3 fully extensible.</t>

<figure><artwork><![CDATA[
Proposed Standard, 33 pages.
4 personal drafts, first 2013-02-17.
        <dl indent="20" spacing="compact" newline="false" pn="section-3.19-2">
          <dt pn="section-3.19-2.1">Status (Length):</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.19-2.2">Proposed Standard (33 pages)</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.19-2.3">Overview:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.19-2.4">4 individual drafts; 24 WG drafts
WG adoption on 2013-10-15
Last call announced 2017-12-19, draft 19
IESG evaluation starts 2018-01-18, draft 20
Approved 2018-01-29, draft 23
AUTH-48 2018-03-19
AUTH-48 complete 2018-03-30
Published 2018-04-03
]]></artwork></figure>

<t>The drafts</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.19-2.5">First draft:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.19-2.6">2013-02-17</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.19-2.7">WG adoption:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.19-2.8">2013-10-15</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.19-2.9">Last Call start:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.19-2.10">2017-12-19 (draft 19)</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.19-2.11">IESG eval. start:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.19-2.12">2018-01-18 (draft 20)</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.19-2.13">IESG approved:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.19-2.14">2018-01-29 (draft 23)</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.19-2.15">AUTH48 start:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.19-2.16">2018-03-19</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.19-2.17">AUTH48 complete:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.19-2.18">2018-03-30</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.19-2.19">Published:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.19-2.20">2018-04-03</dd>
        </dl>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-3.19-3">The specification was first submitted as a personal an individual draft in the IPv6 WG, then moved to the OSPF WG.
The long delay of producing this RFC is due to the complexity of the problem,
and the need to wait for implementations. It is a very important change to OSPF
that makes OSPFv3 fully extensible. Since it was a non-backward compatible change,
the developers started out with some very complex migration scenarios but ended up
with either legacy or extended OSPFv3 LSAs within an OSPFv3 routing domain. The initial attempts
to have a hybrid mode of operation with both legacy and extended LSAs also delayed implementation
due to the complexity.</t>

<t>Copy
        <t indent="0" pn="section-3.19-4">Copy editing for style and clarity.</t>

<t>This
        <t indent="0" pn="section-3.19-5">This specification either was or will be implemented by all the router vendors.</t>
      </section>
      <section anchor="section-18" title="8468">
<t>IPv4, anchor="sec-18" numbered="true" toc="include" removeInRFC="false" pn="section-3.20">
        <name slugifiedName="name-rfc-8468">RFC 8468</name>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-3.20-1">"IPv4, IPv6, and IPv4-IPv6 Coexistence: Updates for the IP
Performance Metrics (IPPM) Framework Framework" <xref target="RFC8468"/>.</t>

<figure><artwork><![CDATA[
Informational, 15 pages.
3 personal drafts, first 2015-08-06. target="RFC8468" format="default" sectionFormat="of" derivedContent="RFC8468"/>.</t>
        <dl indent="20" spacing="compact" newline="false" pn="section-3.20-2">
          <dt pn="section-3.20-2.1">Status (Length):</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.20-2.2">Informational (15 pages)</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.20-2.3">Overview:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.20-2.4">3 individual drafts; 7 WG drafts
WG adoption on 2016-07-04
Last call announced 2018-04-11, draft 04
IESG evaluation starts 2018-05-24, draft 05
Approved 2018-07-10, draft 06
AUTH-48 2018-09-13
AUTH-48 complete 2018-11-05
Published 2018-11-14
]]></artwork></figure>

<t>RFC8468 drafts</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.20-2.5">First draft:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.20-2.6">2015-08-06</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.20-2.7">WG adoption:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.20-2.8">2016-07-04</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.20-2.9">Last Call start:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.20-2.10">2018-04-11 (draft 04)</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.20-2.11">IESG eval. start:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.20-2.12">2018-05-24 (draft 05)</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.20-2.13">IESG approved:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.20-2.14">2018-07-10 (draft 06)</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.20-2.15">AUTH48 start:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.20-2.16">2018-09-13</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.20-2.17">AUTH48 complete:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.20-2.18">2018-11-05</dd>
          <dt pn="section-3.20-2.19">Published:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-3.20-2.20">2018-11-14</dd>
        </dl>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-3.20-3">RFC 8468 was somehow special in that
there was not a technical reason/interest reason or interest that triggered it, but
rather a formal requirement.
While writing RFC7312 RFC  7312, the IP Performance
Metrics (IPPM) Working Group (IPPM) realized that RFC 2330, the IP Performance
Metrics Framework supported IPv4 only
and explicitly excluded support for IPv6. Nevertheless, people used
the metrics that were defined on top of RFC 2330 (and, therefore, IPv4
only) for IPv6, too. Although the IPPM WG agreed that the work was needed, the
interest of IPPM attendees in progressing (and reading/reviewing) the
IPv6 draft was limited. Resolving the IPv6 technical part was
straight-forward,
straightforward, but subsequently some people asked for a broader scope
(topics like header compression, 6lo, etc.) 6LoWPAN, etc.), and it took some time to
figure out and later on convince people that these topics are out of scope.
The group also had to resolve contentious topics, for example example, how to
measure the processing of IPv6 extension headers, which is sometimes non-standard.</t>

<t>The AUTH-48 delay nonstandard.</t>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-3.20-4">The time in AUTH48 state for this draft document was longer than average. According to the authors,
the main reasons include:</t>

<t><list style="symbols">
  <t>Work-load
        <ul spacing="normal" bare="false" empty="false" indent="3" pn="section-3.20-5">
          <li pn="section-3.20-5.1">Workload and travel caused by busy-work-periods busy work periods of all co-authors</t>
  <t>Time coauthors</li>
          <li pn="section-3.20-5.2">Time zone difference between co-authors coauthors and editor (at least US,
	  Europe, and India, not considering travel)</t>
  <t>Editor proposing travel)</li>
          <li pn="section-3.20-5.3">
      RFC Production Center proposed and committing committed some unacceptable
      modifications that needed to be reverted</t>
  <t>Lengthy reverted
	  </li>
          <li pn="section-3.20-5.4">Lengthy discussions on a new document title (required high effort and
took a long time, in particular reaching consensus between co-authors coauthors
and editor was time-consuming and involved the AD)</t>
  <t>Editor AD)</li>
          <li pn="section-3.20-5.5">RFC Production Center correctly identifying identified some nits (obsoleted personal websites of
co-authors)
coauthors) and co-authors coauthors attempting to fix them.</t>
</list></t>

<t>The them.</li>
        </ul>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-3.20-6">The differences between the final draft and the publish published RFC show copy editing for style
and clarity, but do not account for the back and forth between authors and editors
mentioned by the authors.</t>
      </section>
    </section>
    <section anchor="process-analysis" title="Analysis numbered="true" toc="include" removeInRFC="false" pn="section-4">
      <name slugifiedName="name-analysis-of-process-and-del">Analysis of Process and Delays">

<t>We Delays</name>
      <t indent="0" pn="section-4-1">We examine the 20 RFCs in the sample, measuring various characteristics such
as delay and citation counts, in an attempt to identify patterns in the
IETF processes.</t>
      <section anchor="first-draft-to-rfc-delays" title="First numbered="true" toc="include" removeInRFC="false" pn="section-4.1">
        <name slugifiedName="name-delays-from-first-draft-to-">Delays from First Draft to RFC Delays">

<t>We RFC</name>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-4.1-1">We look at the distribution of delays between the submission of the first
draft and the publication of the RFC, using the three big milestones defined
in <xref target="milestones"/>: target="milestones" format="default" sectionFormat="of" derivedContent="Section 2.1"/>: processing time in the Working Group, working group, IETF processing time,
and publication delay. RFC production time. The following table
shows the delays number of days in each phase for the 20 RFCs in the sample:</t>

<texttable>
      <ttcol align='right'>RFC</ttcol>
      <ttcol align='left'>Status</ttcol>
      <ttcol align='right'>Pages</ttcol>
      <ttcol align='right'>Overall</ttcol>
      <ttcol align='right'>WG</ttcol>
      <ttcol align='right'>IETF</ttcol>
      <ttcol align='right'>Edit</ttcol>
      <c>8411</c>
      <c>Info</c>
      <c>5</c>
      <c>455</c>
      <c>154</c>
      <c>140</c>
      <c>161</c>
      <c>8456</c>
      <c>Info</c>
      <c>64</c>
      <c>1317</c>
      <c>1033</c>
      <c>126</c>
      <c>158</c>
      <c>8446</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>160</c>
      <c>1576</c>
      <c>1400</c>
      <c>34</c>
      <c>142</c>
      <c>8355</c>
      <c>Info</c>
      <c>13</c>
      <c>1517</c>
      <c>1175</c>
      <c>243</c>
      <c>99</c>
      <c>8441</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>8</c>
      <c>341</c>
      <c>204</c>
      <c>31</c>
      <c>106</c>
      <c>8324</c>
      <c>ISE</c>
      <c>29</c>
      <c>270</c>
      <c>38</c>
      <c>161</c>
      <c>71</c>
      <c>8377</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>8</c>
      <c>1792</c>
      <c>1630</c>
      <c>21</c>
      <c>141</c>
      <c>8498</c>
      <c>Info</c>
      <c>15</c>
      <c>1061</c>
      <c>935</c>
      <c>59</c>
      <c>67</c>
      <c>8479</c>
      <c>ISE</c>
      <c>8</c>
      <c>414</c>
      <c>233</c>
      <c>144</c>
      <c>37</c>
      <c>8453</c>
      <c>Info</c>
      <c>42</c>
      <c>1162</c>
      <c>1036</c>
      <c>46</c>
      <c>80</c>
      <c>8429</c>
      <c>BCP</c>
      <c>10</c>
      <c>548</c>
      <c>76</c>
      <c>313</c>
      <c>159</c>
      <c>8312</c>
      <c>Info</c>
      <c>18</c>
      <c>1255</c>
      <c>1113</c>
      <c>16</c>
      <c>126</c>
      <c>8492</c>
      <c>ISE</c>
      <c>40</c>
      <c>2358</c>
      <c>1706</c>
      <c>172</c>
      <c>480</c>
      <c>8378</c>
      <c>Exp</c>
      <c>21</c>
      <c>1524</c>
      <c>1446</c>
      <c>27</c>
      <c>51</c>
      <c>8361</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>17</c>
      <c>1612</c>
      <c>1477</c>
      <c>62</c>
      <c>73</c>
      <c>8472</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>8</c>
      <c>1228</c>
      <c>899</c>
      <c>249</c>
      <c>80</c>
      <c>8471</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>18</c>
      <c>1228</c>
      <c>899</c>
      <c>249</c>
      <c>80</c>
      <c>8466</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>158</c>
      <c>771</c>
      <c>538</c>
      <c>124</c>
      <c>109</c>
      <c>8362</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>33</c>
      <c>1871</c>
      <c>1766</c>
      <c>41</c>
      <c>64</c>
      <c>8468</c>
      <c>Info</c>
      <c>15</c>
      <c>1196</c>
      <c>979</c>
      <c>90</c>
      <c>127</c>
      <c>&#160;</c>
      <c>average</c>
      <c>35</c>
      <c>1186</c>
      <c>948</c>
      <c>117</c>
      <c>121</c>
      <c>&#160;</c>
      <c>average(not ISE)</c>
      <c>36</c>
      <c>1217</c>
      <c>999</c>
      <c>110</c>
      <c>107</c>
</texttable>

<t>The
        <table align="center" pn="table-1">
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">RFC</th>
              <th align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Status</th>
              <th align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Pages</th>
              <th align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Overall</th>
              <th align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">WG</th>
              <th align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">IETF</th>
              <th align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Edit</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8411</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">5</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">455</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">154</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">140</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">161</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8456</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">64</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1317</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1033</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">126</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">158</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8446</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">160</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1576</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1400</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">34</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">142</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8355</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">13</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1517</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1175</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">243</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">99</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8441</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">327</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">204</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">31</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">92</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8324</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info (ISE)</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">29</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">270</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">38</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">161</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">71</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8377</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1792</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1630</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">21</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">141</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8498</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">15</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1059</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">935</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">59</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">65</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8479</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info (ISE)</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">414</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">233</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">144</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">37</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8453</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">42</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1165</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1036</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">46</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">83</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8429</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">BCP</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">10</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">548</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">76</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">313</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">159</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8312</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">18</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1214</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1113</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">16</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">85</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8492</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info (ISE)</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">40</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2358</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1706</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">172</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">480</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8378</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Exp</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">21</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1524</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1446</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">27</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">51</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8361</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">17</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1612</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1477</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">62</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">73</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8472</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1228</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">899</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">249</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">80</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8471</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">18</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1228</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">899</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">249</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">80</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8466</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">158</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">771</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">538</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">124</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">109</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8362</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">33</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1871</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1766</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">41</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">64</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8468</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">15</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1196</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">979</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">90</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">127</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td colspan="2" align="left" rowspan="1">average</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">35</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1172</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">948</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">117</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">118</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td colspan="2" align="left" rowspan="1">average (not ISE)</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">36</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1200</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">999</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">110</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">104</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-4.1-3">The average delay from first draft to publication is about 3 years and 3 months, but this
varies widely. Excluding the RFCs from the Independent Stream submissions, Stream, the average
delay from start to finish is 3 years and 4 months, of which on average
2 years and 9 months are spent getting consensus in the Working Group, working group,
and 3 to 4 months each for IETF consensus and for RFC production.</t>

<t>The
        <t indent="0" pn="section-4.1-4">The longest delay is found for <xref target="RFC8492"/>, target="RFC8492" format="default" sectionFormat="of" derivedContent="RFC8492"/>, 6.5 years from start to finish.
This is however a very special case, case -- a draft that was prepared for
the TLS Working Group and failed to reach consensus. After that, it was
resubmitted to the ISE, and incurred atypical production delays.</t>

<t>On
        <t indent="0" pn="section-4.1-5">On average, we see that 80% of the delay is incurred in WG processing,
10% in IETF review, and 10% for edition and publication.</t>

<t>For
        <t indent="0" pn="section-4.1-6">For IETF stream Stream RFCs, it appears that the delays for informational Informational documents
are slightly shorter than those for protocol specifications, maybe six months
shorter on average. However, there are lots of differences between
individual documents. The delays range from less than a year to more than 5 years for
protocol specifications, and from a year and 3 months to a bit more than 4 years for
informational
Informational documents.</t>

<t>We
        <t indent="0" pn="section-4.1-7">We can compare the delays in the 2018 samples to those observed 10 years ago and 20 years
before:</t>

<texttable>
      <ttcol align='left'>RFC (2008)</ttcol>
      <ttcol align='left'>Status</ttcol>
      <ttcol align='right'>Pages</ttcol>
      <ttcol align='right'>Delay</ttcol>
      <c>5326</c>
      <c>Exp</c>
      <c>54</c>
      <c>1584</c>
      <c>5348</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>58</c>
      <c>823</c>
      <c>5281</c>
      <c>Info</c>
      <c>51</c>
      <c>1308</c>
      <c>5354</c>
      <c>Exp</c>
      <c>23</c>
      <c>2315</c>
      <c>5227</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>21</c>
      <c>2434</c>
      <c>5329</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>12</c>
      <c>1980</c>
      <c>5277</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>35</c>
      <c>912</c>
      <c>5236</c>
      <c>ISE</c>
      <c>26</c>
      <c>1947</c>
      <c>5358</c>
      <c>BCP</c>
      <c>7</c>
      <c>884</c>
      <c>5271</c>
      <c>Info</c>
      <c>22</c>
      <c>1066</c>
      <c>5195</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>10</c>
      <c>974</c>
      <c>5283</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>12</c>
      <c>1096</c>
      <c>5186</c>
      <c>Info</c>
      <c>6</c>
      <c>2253</c>
      <c>5142</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>13</c>
      <c>1005</c>
      <c>5373</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>24</c>
      <c>1249</c>
      <c>5404</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>27</c>
      <c>214</c>
      <c>5172</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>7</c>
      <c>305</c>
      <c>5349</c>
      <c>Info</c>
      <c>10</c>
      <c>1096</c>
      <c>5301</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>6</c>
      <c>396</c>
      <c>5174</c>
      <c>Info</c>
      <c>8</c>
      <c>427</c>
</texttable>

<texttable>
      <ttcol align='left'>RFC (1998)</ttcol>
      <ttcol align='left'>Status</ttcol>
      <ttcol align='right'>Pages</ttcol>
      <ttcol align='right'>Delay</ttcol>
      <c>2289</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>25</c>
      <c>396</c>
      <c>2267</c>
      <c>Info</c>
      <c>10</c>
      <c>unknown</c>
      <c>2317</c>
      <c>BCP</c>
      <c>10</c>
      <c>485</c>
      <c>2404</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>7</c>
      <c>488</c>
      <c>2374</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>12</c>
      <c>289</c>
      <c>2449</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>19</c>
      <c>273</c>
      <c>2283</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>9</c>
      <c>153</c>
      <c>2394</c>
      <c>Info</c>
      <c>6</c>
      <c>365</c>
      <c>2348</c>
      <c>DS</c>
      <c>5</c>
      <c>699</c>
      <c>2382</c>
      <c>Info</c>
      <c>30</c>
      <c>396</c>
      <c>2297</c>
      <c>ISE</c>
      <c>109</c>
      <c>28</c>
      <c>2381</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>43</c>
      <c>699</c>
      <c>2312</c>
      <c>Info</c>
      <c>20</c>
      <c>365</c>
      <c>2387</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>10</c>
      <c>122</c>
      <c>2398</c>
      <c>Info</c>
      <c>15</c>
      <c>396</c>
      <c>2391</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>10</c>
      <c>122</c>
      <c>2431</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>10</c>
      <c>457</c>
      <c>2282</c>
      <c>Info</c>
      <c>14</c>
      <c>215</c>
      <c>2323</c>
      <c>ISE</c>
      <c>5</c>
      <c>unknown</c>
      <c>2448</c>
      <c>ISE</c>
      <c>7</c>
      <c>92</c>
</texttable>

<t>We
        <table align="center" pn="table-2">
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">RFC (2008)</th>
              <th align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Status</th>
              <th align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Pages</th>
              <th align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Delay</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">5326</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Exp</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">54</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1584</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">5348</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">58</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">823</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">5281</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">51</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1308</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">5354</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Exp</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">23</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2315</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">5227</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">21</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2434</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">5329</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">12</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1980</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">5277</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">35</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">912</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">5236</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info (ISE)</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">26</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1947</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">5358</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">BCP</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">7</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">884</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">5271</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">22</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1066</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">5195</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">10</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">974</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">5283</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">12</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1096</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">5186</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">6</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2253</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">5142</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">13</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1005</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">5373</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">24</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1249</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">5404</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">27</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">214</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">5172</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">7</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">305</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">5349</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">10</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1096</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">5301</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">6</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">396</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">5174</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">427</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table align="center" pn="table-3">
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">RFC (1998)</th>
              <th align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Status</th>
              <th align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Pages</th>
              <th align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Delay</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2289</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">25</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">396</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2267</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">10</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">unknown</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2317</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">BCP</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">10</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">485</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2404</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">7</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">488</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2374</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">12</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">289</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2449</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">19</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">273</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2283</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">9</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">153</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2394</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">6</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">365</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2348</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">DS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">5</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">699</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2382</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">30</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">396</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2297</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info (ISE)</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">109</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">28</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2381</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">43</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">699</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2312</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">20</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">365</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2387</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">10</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">122</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2398</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">15</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">396</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2391</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">10</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">122</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2431</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">10</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">457</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2282</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">14</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">215</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2323</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info (ISE)</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">5</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">unknown</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2448</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info (ISE)</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">7</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">92</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-4.1-10">We can compare the median delay, and the delays observed by the fastest and
slowest quartiles in the three years:</t>

<texttable>
      <ttcol align='left'>Year</ttcol>
      <ttcol align='right'>Fastest 25%</ttcol>
      <ttcol align='right'>Median</ttcol>
      <ttcol align='right'>Slowest 25%</ttcol>
      <c>2018</c>
      <c>604</c>
      <c>1179</c>
      <c>1522</c>
      <c>2008</c>
      <c>869</c>
      <c>1081</c>
      <c>1675</c>
      <c>1998</c>
      <c>169</c>
      <c>365</c>
      <c>442</c>
</texttable>

<t>The
        <table align="center" pn="table-4">
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Year</th>
              <th align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Fastest 25%</th>
              <th align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Median</th>
              <th align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Slowest 25%</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2018</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">715</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1221</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1537</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2008</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">869</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1081</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1675</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1998</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">169</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">365</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">442</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-4.1-12">The IETF takes three to four times more times to produce an RFC in 2018
than it did in 1998, but about the same time as it did in 2008.
We can get a rough estimate of how this translates in term terms of
"level of attention" per RFC by comparing the number of participants
in the IETF meetings of 2018, 2008 2008, and 1998 <xref target="IETFCOUNT"/> target="IETFCOUNT" format="default" sectionFormat="of" derivedContent="IETFCOUNT"/> to the number of RFC RFCs
published these years <xref target="RFCYEAR"/>.</t>

<texttable>
      <ttcol align='left'>Year</ttcol>
      <ttcol align='right'>Nb RFC</ttcol>
      <ttcol align='right'>Spring P.</ttcol>
      <ttcol align='right'>Summer P.</ttcol>
      <ttcol align='right'>Fall</ttcol>
      <ttcol align='right'>Average P.</ttcol>
      <ttcol align='left'>Attendees/RFC</ttcol>
      <c>2018</c>
      <c>208</c>
      <c>1235</c>
      <c>1078</c>
      <c>879</c>
      <c>1064</c>
      <c>5.1</c>
      <c>2008</c>
      <c>290</c>
      <c>1128</c>
      <c>1181</c>
      <c>962</c>
      <c>1090</c>
      <c>3.8</c>
      <c>1998</c>
      <c>234</c>
      <c>1775</c>
      <c>2106</c>
      <c>1705</c>
      <c>1862</c>
      <c>9.0</c>
</texttable>

<t>The target="RFCYEAR" format="default" sectionFormat="of" derivedContent="RFCYEAR"/>.</t>
        <table align="center" pn="table-5">
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Year</th>
              <th align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Number of RFCs</th>
              <th align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Spring P.</th>
              <th align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Summer P.</th>
              <th align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Fall P.</th>
              <th align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Average P.</th>
              <th align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Attendees/RFC</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2018</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">208</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1235</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1078</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">879</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1064</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">5.1</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2008</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">290</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1128</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1181</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">962</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1090</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">3.8</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1998</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">234</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1775</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2106</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1705</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1862</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8.0</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-4.1-14">The last column in the table provides the ratio of average number
of participants by to the number of RFC produced. RFCs published. If the IETF was were a centralized
organization, and if all participants and documents were equivalent, this
ratio would be the number of participants dedicated to produce an RFC
on a given year. This is of course a completely abstract figure because
none of the hypotheses above is are true, but it still gives a vague
indication of the "level of attention" applied to documents. We see
that this ratio has increased from 2008 to 2018, as the number of
participants was about the same for these two years but the number of
published RFCs decreased. However, that this ratio was much higher in 1998.
The IETF had many more participants, and there were probably
many more eyes available to review any given draft. If we applied the
ratios of 1998, the IETF would be producing 119 documents in 2018
instead of 208.</t>
      </section>
      <section anchor="working-group-processing-time" title="Working numbered="true" toc="include" removeInRFC="false" pn="section-4.2">
        <name slugifiedName="name-working-group-processing-ti">Working Group Processing Time">

<t>The Time</name>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-4.2-1">The largest part of the delays is spent in the Working Groups, working groups, before
the draft is submitted to the IESG for IETF review. As mentioned in
<xref target="milestones"/>, target="milestones" format="default" sectionFormat="of" derivedContent="Section 2.1"/>, the only intermediate milestone that we can extract
from the IETF datatracker Datatracker is the date at which the document was
adopted by the Working Group, working group, or targeted for independent submission.
The breakdown of the delays for the documents in our sample is:</t>

<texttable>
      <ttcol align='left'>RFC</ttcol>
      <ttcol align='left'>Status</ttcol>
      <ttcol align='right'>WG</ttcol>
      <ttcol align='right'>Until adoption</ttcol>
      <ttcol align='right'>After adoption</ttcol>
      <c>8411</c>
      <c>Info</c>
      <c>154</c>
      <c>0</c>
      <c>154</c>
      <c>8456</c>
      <c>Info</c>
      <c>1033</c>
      <c>209</c>
      <c>824</c>
      <c>8446</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>1400</c>
      <c>0</c>
      <c>1400</c>
      <c>8355</c>
      <c>Info</c>
      <c>1175</c>
      <c>102</c>
      <c>1073</c>
      <c>8441</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>204</c>
      <c>65</c>
      <c>139</c>
      <c>8324</c>
      <c>ISE</c>
      <c>38</c>
      <c>0</c>
      <c>38</c>
      <c>8377</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>1630</c>
      <c>728</c>
      <c>902</c>
      <c>8498</c>
      <c>Info</c>
      <c>935</c>
      <c>420</c>
      <c>515</c>
      <c>8479</c>
      <c>ISE</c>
      <c>233</c>
      <c>0</c>
      <c>233</c>
      <c>8453</c>
      <c>Info</c>
      <c>1036</c>
      <c>396</c>
      <c>640</c>
      <c>8429</c>
      <c>BCP</c>
      <c>76</c>
      <c>0</c>
      <c>76</c>
      <c>8312</c>
      <c>Info</c>
      <c>1113</c>
      <c>280</c>
      <c>833</c>
      <c>8492</c>
      <c>ISE</c>
      <c>1706</c>
      <c>1428</c>
      <c>278</c>
      <c>8378</c>
      <c>Exp</c>
      <c>1446</c>
      <c>661</c>
      <c>785</c>
      <c>8361</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>1477</c>
      <c>399</c>
      <c>1078</c>
      <c>8472</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>899</c>
      <c>105</c>
      <c>794</c>
      <c>8471</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>1127</c>
      <c>153</c>
      <c>794</c>
      <c>8466</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>538</c>
      <c>178</c>
      <c>360</c>
      <c>8362</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>1766</c>
      <c>240</c>
      <c>1526</c>
      <c>8468</c>
      <c>Info</c>
      <c>979</c>
      <c>333</c>
      <c>646</c>
      <c>&#160;</c>
      <c>Average</c>
      <c>948</c>
      <c>285</c>
      <c>663</c>
</texttable>

<t>The
        <table align="center" pn="table-6">
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">RFC</th>
              <th align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Status</th>
              <th align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">WG</th>
              <th align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Until adoption</th>
              <th align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">After adoption</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8411</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">154</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">154</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8456</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1033</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">209</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">824</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8446</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1400</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1400</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8355</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1175</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">102</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1073</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8441</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">204</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">65</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">139</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8324</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info (ISE)</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">38</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">38</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8377</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1630</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">728</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">902</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8498</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">935</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">420</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">515</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8479</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info (ISE)</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">233</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">233</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8453</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1036</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">396</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">640</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8429</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">BCP</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">76</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">76</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8312</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1113</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">280</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">833</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8492</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info (ISE)</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1706</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1428</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">278</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8378</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Exp</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1446</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">661</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">785</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8361</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1477</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">399</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1078</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8472</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">899</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">105</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">794</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8471</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1127</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">153</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">794</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8466</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">538</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">178</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">360</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8362</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1766</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">240</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1526</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8468</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">979</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">333</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">646</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="2" rowspan="1">Average</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">948</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">285</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">663</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-4.2-3">The time before Working Group working group adoption average averages to a bit more than 9 months,
compared to 1 years year and almost 10 months for processing time after adoption.
We see that RFC 8492 stands out, with long delays spent attempting publication through
a Working Group working group before submission to the Independent Stream Submissions Editor. If we removed remove RFC
8492 from the list, the average time until adoption drops to just over 7 months,
and becomes just 25% of the total processing time in the WG.</t>

<t>There
        <t indent="0" pn="section-4.2-4">There are a few
documents that started immediately as Working Group working group efforts, or were immediately targeted
for publication in the Independent Stream. Those documents tend to see short processing times,
with the exception of RFC 8446 on which the TLS Working Group spent a long time working.</t>
      </section>
      <section anchor="preparation-and-publication-delays" title="Preparation numbered="true" toc="include" removeInRFC="false" pn="section-4.3">
        <name slugifiedName="name-preparation-and-publication">Preparation and Publication Delays">

<t>The Delays</name>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-4.3-1">The preparation and publication delays include three components:</t>

<t><list style="symbols">
  <t>the
        <ul spacing="normal" bare="false" empty="false" indent="3" pn="section-4.3-2">
          <li pn="section-4.3-2.1">the delay from submission to the RFC Editor to beginning of AUTH-48, AUTH48, during
which the document is prepared;</t>
  <t>the AUTH-48 prepared (referred to as "RFC edit" below);</li>
          <li pn="section-4.3-2.2">the AUTH48 delay, during which authors review and eventually approve the
changes proposed by the editors;</t>
  <t>the editors (referred to as "AUTH48" below);</li>
          <li pn="section-4.3-2.3">the publication delay, from final agreement by authors and editors to
actual publication.</t>
</list></t>

<t>The publication (referred to as "RFC Pub" below).</li>
        </ul>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-4.3-3">The breakdown of the publication delays for each RFC is shown in the
following table.</t>

<texttable>
      <ttcol align='right'>RFC</ttcol>
      <ttcol align='left'>Status</ttcol>
      <ttcol align='right'>Pages</ttcol>
      <ttcol align='right'>RFC edit</ttcol>
      <ttcol align='right'>AUTH-48</ttcol>
      <ttcol align='right'>RFC Pub</ttcol>
      <ttcol align='right'>Edit(total)</ttcol>
      <c>8411</c>
      <c>Info</c>
      <c>5</c>
      <c>53</c>
      <c>88</c>
      <c>20</c>
      <c>161</c>
      <c>8456</c>
      <c>Info</c>
      <c>64</c>
      <c>98</c>
      <c>46</c>
      <c>14</c>
      <c>158</c>
      <c>8446</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>160</c>
      <c>85</c>
      <c>57</c>
      <c>0</c>
      <c>142</c>
      <c>8355</c>
      <c>Info</c>
      <c>13</c>
      <c>83</c>
      <c>15</c>
      <c>1</c>
      <c>99</c>
      <c>8441</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>8</c>
      <c>67</c>
      <c>33</c>
      <c>6</c>
      <c>106</c>
      <c>8324</c>
      <c>ISE</c>
      <c>29</c>
      <c>42</c>
      <c>28</c>
      <c>1</c>
      <c>71</c>
      <c>8377</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>8</c>
      <c>39</c>
      <c>102</c>
      <c>0</c>
      <c>141</c>
      <c>8498</c>
      <c>Info</c>
      <c>15</c>
      <c>49</c>
      <c>16</c>
      <c>2</c>
      <c>67</c>
      <c>8479</c>
      <c>ISE</c>
      <c>8</c>
      <c>31</c>
      <c>5</c>
      <c>1</c>
      <c>37</c>
      <c>8453</c>
      <c>Info</c>
      <c>42</c>
      <c>73</c>
      <c>7</c>
      <c>0</c>
      <c>80</c>
      <c>8429</c>
      <c>BCP</c>
      <c>10</c>
      <c>60</c>
      <c>99</c>
      <c>0</c>
      <c>159</c>
      <c>8312</c>
      <c>Info</c>
      <c>18</c>
      <c>96</c>
      <c>30</c>
      <c>0</c>
      <c>126</c>
      <c>8492</c>
      <c>ISE</c>
      <c>40</c>
      <c>355</c>
      <c>123</c>
      <c>2</c>
      <c>480</c>
      <c>8378</c>
      <c>Exp</c>
      <c>21</c>
      <c>42</c>
      <c>9</c>
      <c>0</c>
      <c>51</c>
      <c>8361</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>17</c>
      <c>39</c>
      <c>31</c>
      <c>3</c>
      <c>73</c>
      <c>8472</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>8</c>
      <c>59</c>
      <c>8</c>
      <c>13</c>
      <c>80</c>
      <c>8471</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>18</c>
      <c>59</c>
      <c>8</c>
      <c>13</c>
      <c>80</c>
      <c>8466</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>158</c>
      <c>84</c>
      <c>22</c>
      <c>3</c>
      <c>109</c>
      <c>8362</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>33</c>
      <c>49</c>
      <c>11</c>
      <c>4</c>
      <c>64</c>
      <c>8468</c>
      <c>Info</c>
      <c>15</c>
      <c>65</c>
      <c>53</c>
      <c>9</c>
      <c>127</c>
      <c>&#160;</c>
      <c>Average</c>
      <c>&#160;</c>
      <c>76</c>
      <c>40</c>
      <c>5</c>
      <c>121</c>
      <c>-8492</c>
      <c>Average</c>
      <c>&#160;</c>
      <c>62</c>
      <c>35</c>
      <c>5</c>
      <c>102</c>
</texttable>

<t>On
        <table align="center" pn="table-7">
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">RFC</th>
              <th align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Status</th>
              <th align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Pages</th>
              <th align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">RFC edit</th>
              <th align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">AUTH48</th>
              <th align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">RFC Pub</th>
              <th align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Edit (total)</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8411</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">5</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">53</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">88</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">20</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">161</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8456</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">64</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">98</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">46</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">14</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">158</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8446</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">160</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">85</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">57</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">142</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8355</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">13</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">83</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">15</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">99</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8441</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">56</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">33</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">3</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">92</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8324</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info (ISE)</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">29</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">42</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">28</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">71</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8377</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">39</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">102</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">141</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8498</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">15</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">48</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">16</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">65</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8479</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info (ISE)</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">31</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">5</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">37</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8453</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">42</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">73</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">7</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">3</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">83</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8429</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">BCP</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">10</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">60</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">99</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">159</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8312</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">18</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">55</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">28</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">85</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8492</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info (ISE)</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">40</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">355</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">123</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">480</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8378</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Exp</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">21</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">42</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">9</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">51</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8361</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">17</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">39</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">31</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">3</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">73</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8472</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">59</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">13</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">80</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8471</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">18</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">59</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">13</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">80</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8466</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">158</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">84</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">22</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">3</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">109</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8362</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">33</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">49</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">11</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">4</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">64</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8468</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">15</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">65</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">53</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">9</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">127</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td colspan="2" align="left" rowspan="1">Average</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1"/>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">74</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">39</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">5</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">118</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td colspan="2" align="left" rowspan="1">Average (without 8492)</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1"/>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">59</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">35</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">5</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">99</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-4.3-5">On average, the total delay appears to be about four months, but the
average is skewed by the extreme values encountered for <xref target="RFC8492"/>. target="RFC8492" format="default" sectionFormat="of" derivedContent="RFC8492"/>. If we
exclude that RFC from the computations, the average delay drops to a just a bit
more than 3 months: about 2 months for the preparation, a bit more than one
month for the AUTH-48 AUTH48 phase, and 5 days for the publishing.</t>

<t>Of
        <t indent="0" pn="section-4.3-6">Of course, these delays vary from RFC to RFC. To try explain the causes of the
delay, we compute the correlation factor between the observed delays and several
plausible explanation factors:</t>

<t><list style="symbols">
  <t>The
        <ul spacing="normal" bare="false" empty="false" indent="3" pn="section-4.3-7">
          <li pn="section-4.3-7.1">the number of pages in the document,</t>
  <t>The document,</li>
          <li pn="section-4.3-7.2">the amount of copy edit, editing, as discussed in <xref target="copy-editing"/>,</t>
  <t>Whether target="copy-editing" format="default" sectionFormat="of" derivedContent="Section 4.4"/>,</li>
          <li pn="section-4.3-7.3">whether or not an IANA action was required,</t>
  <t>The actions were required,</li>
          <li pn="section-4.3-7.4">the number of authors,</t>
  <t>The authors,</li>
          <li pn="section-4.3-7.5">the number of drafts revisions,</t>
  <t>The Working Group delay.</t>
</list></t>

<t>We draft revisions,</li>
          <li pn="section-4.3-7.6">the working group delay.</li>
        </ul>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-4.3-8">We find the following values:</t>

<texttable>
      <ttcol align='left'>Correlation</ttcol>
      <ttcol align='right'>RFC edit</ttcol>
      <ttcol align='right'>AUTH-48</ttcol>
      <ttcol align='right'>Edit(total)</ttcol>
      <c>Nb pages</c>
      <c>0.50</c>
      <c>-0.04</c>
      <c>0.21</c>
      <c>Copy-Edit</c>
      <c>0.42</c>
      <c>0.24</c>
      <c>0.45</c>
      <c>IANA</c>
      <c>-0.14</c>
      <c>-0.21</c>
      <c>0.12</c>
      <c>Nb Authors</c>
      <c>0.39</c>
      <c>-0.07</c>
      <c>0.18</c>
      <c>Nb drafts</c>
      <c>0.18</c>
      <c>-0.33</c>
      <c>-0.19</c>
      <c>WG delay</c>
      <c>0.03</c>
      <c>-0.16</c>
      <c>-0.15</c>
</texttable>

<t>We
        <table align="center" pn="table-8">
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Correlation</th>
              <th align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">RFC edit</th>
              <th align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">AUTH48</th>
              <th align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Edit(total)</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Number of pages</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.50</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">-0.04</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.21</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Copy-Edit</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.42</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.24</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.45</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">IANA</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">-0.14</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">-0.21</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.12</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Number of authors</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.39</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">-0.07</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.18</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Number of drafts</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.18</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">-0.33</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">-0.19</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">WG delay</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.03</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">-0.16</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">-0.15</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-4.3-10">We see some plausible explanations for the production delay. It will be somewhat longer for
longer documents, documents or for documents that require a lot of copy editing (see <xref target="copy-editing"/>). target="copy-editing" format="default" sectionFormat="of" derivedContent="Section 4.4"/>).
Somewhat surprisingly, it also tend tends to increase with the number of authors. It does
not appear significantly correlated with the presence or absence of IANA action.</t>

<t>The
        <t indent="0" pn="section-4.3-11">The analysis of RFC 8324 in <xref target="analyse-8324"/> target="analyse-8324" format="default" sectionFormat="of" derivedContent="Section 3.6"/> explains its short
editing delays by the experience of the author. This makes sense: if a document
needs less editing, the editing delays would be shorter. This is partially
confirmed by the relation between the amount of copy editing and the
publication delay.</t>

<t>We
        <t indent="0" pn="section-4.3-12">We see fewer plausible explanations for the AUTH48 delays. These delays
vary much more than the preparation
delay, with a standard deviation of 20 days for AUTH-48 AUTH48 versus 10 days for
the preparation delay. In theory, AUTH-48 AUTH48 is just a final
verification: the authors receive the document prepared by the RFC production center,
and just have to give their approval, or maybe request a last minute
correction. The name indicates that this is expected to last just two days, but
in average it lasts more than a month.</t>

<t>We
        <t indent="0" pn="section-4.3-13">We often hypothesize that the
number of authors influences the AUTH-48 AUTH48 delay, or that authors who have spent
a long time working on the document in the Working Group working group somehow get demotivated
and spend even longer to answer questions during AUTH-48. AUTH48. This may happen
sometimes, but our statistics don't show that  &#8211;  - if anything, the numerical
results point in the opposite direction.</t>

<t>After
        <t indent="0" pn="section-4.3-14">After asking the authors of the RFCs in the sample why the AUTH-48 AUTH48 phase took
a long time, we got three explanations:</t>

<t>1- Some
        <ol indent="adaptive" spacing="normal" start="1" type="1" pn="section-4.3-15">
  <li pn="section-4.3-15.1" derivedCounter="1.">Some RFCs have multiple authors in multiple time zones. This slows down
   the coordination required for approving changes.</t>

<t>2- Some changes.</li>
          <li pn="section-4.3-15.2" derivedCounter="2.">Some authors found some of the proposed changes unnecessary or
   undesirable, and asked that they be reversed. This required long
   exchanges between authors and editors.</t>

<t>3- Some editors.</li>
          <li pn="section-4.3-15.3" derivedCounter="3.">Some authors were not giving high priority to AUTH-48 responses.</t>

<t>As AUTH48 responses.</li>
        </ol>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-4.3-16">As mentioned above, we were not able to verify these hypotheses by looking at
the data. The author's experience with this document suggests another potential
delay for the Independent Stream RFC: processing delay by the Independent
Stream
Submissions Editor, discussed in <xref target="independent-stream"/>.</t> target="independent-stream" format="default" sectionFormat="of" derivedContent="Section 4.5"/>.</t>
      </section>
      <section anchor="copy-editing" title="Copy Editing">

<t>We numbered="true" toc="include" removeInRFC="false" pn="section-4.4">
        <name slugifiedName="name-copy-editing">Copy Editing</name>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-4.4-1">We can assess the amount of copy editing applied to each published RFC by
comparing the text of the draft approved for publication and the text of the
RFC. We do expect differences in the "boilerplate" and in the IANA section,
but we will also see differences due to copy editing. Assessing the amount
of copy editing is subjective, and we do it using a scale of 1 to 4:</t>

<t>1- Minor editing</t>

<t>2- Editing
        <dl indent="4" newline="false" spacing="normal" pn="section-4.4-2">
          <dt pn="section-4.4-2.1">1:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-4.4-2.2">Minor editing</dd>
          <dt pn="section-4.4-2.3">2:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-4.4-2.4">Editing for style, such as capitalization, hyphens, that "that" versus which, "which",
   and expending expanding all acronyms at least one.</t>

<t>3- Editing once.</dd>
          <dt pn="section-4.4-2.5">3:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-4.4-2.6">Editing for clarity in addition to style, such as rewriting ambiguous
   sentences and clarifying use of internal references. For Yang YANG models,
   that may include model corrections suggested by the verifier.</t>

<t>4- Extensive editing.</t>

<t>The verifier.</dd>
          <dt pn="section-4.4-2.7">4:</dt>
          <dd pn="section-4.4-2.8">Extensive editing.</dd>
        </dl>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-4.4-3">The following table shows that about half of the RFCs required
editing for style, and the other half at least some editing for clarity.</t>

<texttable>
      <ttcol align='right'>RFC</ttcol>
      <ttcol align='left'>Status</ttcol>
      <ttcol align='right'>Copy Edit</ttcol>
      <c>8411</c>
      <c>Info</c>
      <c>2</c>
      <c>8456</c>
      <c>Info</c>
      <c>4</c>
      <c>8446</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>3</c>
      <c>8355</c>
      <c>Info</c>
      <c>2</c>
      <c>8441</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>2</c>
      <c>8324</c>
      <c>ISE</c>
      <c>2</c>
      <c>8377</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>3</c>
      <c>8498</c>
      <c>Info</c>
      <c>3</c>
      <c>8479</c>
      <c>ISE</c>
      <c>1</c>
      <c>8453</c>
      <c>Info</c>
      <c>2</c>
      <c>8429</c>
      <c>BCP</c>
      <c>2</c>
      <c>8312</c>
      <c>Info</c>
      <c>2</c>
      <c>8492</c>
      <c>ISE</c>
      <c>3</c>
      <c>8378</c>
      <c>Exp</c>
      <c>2</c>
      <c>8361</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>2</c>
      <c>8472</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>2</c>
      <c>8471</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>2</c>
      <c>8466</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>3</c>
      <c>8362</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>3</c>
      <c>8468</c>
      <c>Info</c>
      <c>3</c>
</texttable>

<t>This
        <table align="center" pn="table-9">
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">RFC</th>
              <th align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Status</th>
              <th align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Copy Edit</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8411</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8456</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">4</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8446</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">3</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8355</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8441</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8324</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info (ISE)</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8377</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">3</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8498</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">3</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8479</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info (ISE)</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8453</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8429</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">BCP</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8312</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8492</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info (ISE)</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">3</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8378</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Exp</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8361</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8472</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8471</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8466</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">3</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8362</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">3</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8468</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">3</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-4.4-5">This method of assessment does not take into account
the number of changes proposed by the editors and eventually rejected
by the authors, since these changes are not present in either the
final draft or the published RFC. It might be possible to get
an evaluation of these "phantom changes" from the RFC Production Center.</t>
      </section>
      <section anchor="independent-stream" title="Independent Stream">

<t>Out numbered="true" toc="include" removeInRFC="false" pn="section-4.5">
        <name slugifiedName="name-independent-stream">Independent Stream</name>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-4.5-1">Out of 20 randomly selected RFCs, 3 were published through the Independent Stream.
One is an independent opinion, another a description of a non-IETF protocol
format, and the third was <xref target="RFC8492"/>, target="RFC8492" format="default" sectionFormat="of" derivedContent="RFC8492"/>, which is a special case. Apart from
this special case, the publication delays were significantly shorter
for the Independent Stream than for the IETF stream.</t>

<t>The Stream.</t>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-4.5-2">The authors of these 3 RFCs are regular IETF contributors. This
observation motivated a secondary analysis of all the RFCs
published in the Independent Stream in 2018. There are 14 such RFCs:
8507, 8494, 8493, 8492, 8483, 8479, 8433, 8409, 8374, 8369, 8367, 8351,
8328
8328, and 8324. (RFC (RFCs 8367 and 8369 were
published on 1 April 2018.) The majority of
the documents were published by regular IETF participants, but
two of them were not. One describes "The BagIt File Packaging Format (V1.0)"
<xref target="RFC8493"/>, target="RFC8493" format="default" sectionFormat="of" derivedContent="RFC8493"/>, and the other the "Yeti DNS Testbed" <xref target="RFC8483"/>. target="RFC8483" format="default" sectionFormat="of" derivedContent="RFC8483"/>. They
document a data format and a system developed outside the IETF, IETF and illustrate
the outreach function of the Independent Stream. In both cases, the
authors include one experienced IETF participant, who presumably helped
outsiders navigate the publication process.</t>

<t>Th
        <t indent="0" pn="section-4.5-3">Th present document experienced some publication delays due to the Independent Stream Submissions Editor.
The ISE is a bottleneck and is a volunteer resource. Although the ISE as a lone person
operating as a volunteer is still roughly adequate resource for the
job, the delivery will necessarily be best effort with delays caused
by spikes in ISE load, work commitments, and other life events. These
delays may not be fundamentally critical to RFC delivery, but they
are capable of introducing a significant percentage delay into what
might otherwise be a smooth process.</t>
      </section>
    </section>
    <section anchor="citations" title="Citation Counts">

<t>In numbered="true" toc="include" removeInRFC="false" pn="section-5">
      <name slugifiedName="name-citation-counts">Citation Counts</name>
      <t indent="0" pn="section-5-1">In this exploration, we want to assess examine whether citation counts provide a
meaningful assessment of the popularity of RFCs. We obtain the citation
counts through the Semantic Scholar API, using queries of the form:</t>

<figure><artwork><![CDATA[
http://api.semanticscholar.org/
     v1/paper/10.17487/rfc8446?include_unknown_references=true
]]></artwork></figure>

<t>In form:
     <eref brackets="angle" target="https://api.semanticscholar.org/v1/paper/10.17487/rfc8446?include_unknown_references=true"/>
      </t>
      <t indent="0" pn="section-5-2">In these queries, the RFC is uniquely identified by its DOI reference,
which is composed of the RFC Series prefix 10.17487 and the RFC identifier.
The queries return a series of properties, including a list of citations
for the RFC. Based on that list of citations, we compute three numbers:</t>

<t><list style="symbols">
  <t>The
      <ul spacing="normal" bare="false" empty="false" indent="3" pn="section-5-3">
        <li pn="section-5-3.1">The total number of citations</t>
  <t>The citations</li>
        <li pn="section-5-3.2">The number of citations in the year of publication and the year after
that</t>
  <t>For
that</li>
        <li pn="section-5-3.3">For the RFC published in 1998 or 2008 that we use for comparison, the
number of citations in the years 2018 and 2019.</t>
</list></t>

<t>All 2019.</li>
      </ul>
      <t indent="0" pn="section-5-4">All the numbers were retrieved on October 6, 2019.</t>
      <section anchor="citation-numbers" title="Citation Numbers">

<t>As numbered="true" toc="include" removeInRFC="false" pn="section-5.1">
        <name slugifiedName="name-citation-numbers">Citation Numbers</name>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-5.1-1">As measured on October 6, 2019, the citation counts for the RFC in
our sample set were:</t>

<texttable>
      <ttcol align='left'>RFC(2018)</ttcol>
      <ttcol align='left'>Status</ttcol>
      <ttcol align='right'>Total</ttcol>
      <ttcol align='right'>2018-2019</ttcol>
      <c>8411</c>
      <c>Info</c>
      <c>1</c>
      <c>0</c>
      <c>8456</c>
      <c>Info</c>
      <c>1</c>
      <c>1</c>
      <c>8446</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>418</c>
      <c>204</c>
      <c>8355</c>
      <c>Info</c>
      <c>3</c>
      <c>3</c>
      <c>8441</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>1</c>
      <c>1</c>
      <c>8324</c>
      <c>ISE</c>
      <c>0</c>
      <c>0</c>
      <c>8377</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>0</c>
      <c>0</c>
      <c>8498</c>
      <c>Info</c>
      <c>0</c>
      <c>0</c>
      <c>8479</c>
      <c>ISE</c>
      <c>0</c>
      <c>0</c>
      <c>8453</c>
      <c>Info</c>
      <c>3</c>
      <c>3</c>
      <c>8429</c>
      <c>BCP</c>
      <c>0</c>
      <c>0</c>
      <c>8312</c>
      <c>Info</c>
      <c>25</c>
      <c>16</c>
      <c>8492</c>
      <c>ISE</c>
      <c>4</c>
      <c>4</c>
      <c>8378</c>
      <c>Exp</c>
      <c>1</c>
      <c>1</c>
      <c>8361</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>0</c>
      <c>0</c>
      <c>8472</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>1</c>
      <c>1</c>
      <c>8471</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>1</c>
      <c>1</c>
      <c>8466</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>0</c>
      <c>0</c>
      <c>8362</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>1</c>
      <c>1</c>
      <c>8468</c>
      <c>Info</c>
      <c>1</c>
      <c>1</c>
</texttable>

<t>The
        <table align="center" pn="table-10">
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">RFC (2018)</th>
              <th align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Status</th>
              <th align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Total</th>
              <th align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2018-2019</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8411</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8456</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8446</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">418</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">204</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8355</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">3</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">3</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8441</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8324</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info (ISE)</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8377</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8498</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8479</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info (ISE)</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8453</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">3</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">3</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8429</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">BCP</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8312</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">25</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">16</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8492</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info (ISE)</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">4</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">4</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8378</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Exp</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8361</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8472</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8471</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8466</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8362</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8468</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-5.1-3">The results indicate that <xref target="RFC8446"/> target="RFC8446" format="default" sectionFormat="of" derivedContent="RFC8446"/> is by far the most cited of the 20
RFC in our sample. This is not surprising, since TLS is a key Internet Protocol.
The TLS 1.3 protocol was also the subject of extensive studies by researchers,
and thus was mentioned in a number of published papers.
Surprisingly, the Semantic Scholar mentions a number of citations that predate
the publication date. These are probably citations of the various draft
versions of the protocol.</t>

<t>The
        <t indent="0" pn="section-5.1-4">The next most cited RFC in the sample is <xref target="RFC8312"/> target="RFC8312" format="default" sectionFormat="of" derivedContent="RFC8312"/> which describes the
Cubic congestion control algorithm for TCP. That protocol was also the
target of a large number of academic publications.The publications. The other RFC RFCs in the
sample only have a small number of citations.</t>

<t>There
        <t indent="0" pn="section-5.1-5">There is probably a small bias when measuring citations at a fixed date.
An RFC published in January 2018 would have more time to accrue citations than
one published in December. That may be true to some extent, as the second most
cited RFC in the set was published in January. However, the effect has to be
limited. The most cited RFC was published in August, and the second most cited
was published in 2019. (That RFC got an RFC number in 2018, but publication
was slowed by long AUTH-48 AUTH48 delays.)</t>
      </section>
      <section anchor="comparison-to-1998-and-2008" title="Comparison numbered="true" toc="include" removeInRFC="false" pn="section-5.2">
        <name slugifiedName="name-comparison-to-1998-and-2008">Comparison to 1998 and 2008">

<t>In 2008</name>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-5.2-1">In order to get a baseline, we can look at the number of references for the
RFCs published in 2008 and 1998. However, we need totake to take time into account.
Documents published a long time ago are expected to have accrued more references.
We try to address this by looking at three counts for each document: the
overall number of references over the document's lifetime, the number of
references obtained in the year following publication, and the number of
references observed since 2018:</t>

<texttable>
      <ttcol align='left'>RFC(2008)</ttcol>
      <ttcol align='left'>Status</ttcol>
      <ttcol align='right'>Total</ttcol>
      <ttcol align='right'>2008-2009</ttcol>
      <ttcol align='right'>2018-2019</ttcol>
      <c>5326</c>
      <c>Exp</c>
      <c>138</c>
      <c>14</c>
      <c>15</c>
      <c>5348</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>14</c>
      <c>3</c>
      <c>0</c>
      <c>5281</c>
      <c>Info</c>
      <c>69</c>
      <c>15</c>
      <c>7</c>
      <c>5354</c>
      <c>Exp</c>
      <c>17</c>
      <c>13</c>
      <c>0</c>
      <c>5227</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>19</c>
      <c>1</c>
      <c>2</c>
      <c>5329</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>24</c>
      <c>6</c>
      <c>1</c>
      <c>5277</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>32</c>
      <c>3</c>
      <c>2</c>
      <c>5236</c>
      <c>ISE</c>
      <c>25</c>
      <c>5</c>
      <c>4</c>
      <c>5358</c>
      <c>BCP</c>
      <c>21</c>
      <c>2</c>
      <c>0</c>
      <c>5271</c>
      <c>Info</c>
      <c>7</c>
      <c>2</c>
      <c>0</c>
      <c>5195</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>7</c>
      <c>4</c>
      <c>2</c>
      <c>5283</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>8</c>
      <c>1</c>
      <c>0</c>
      <c>5186</c>
      <c>Info</c>
      <c>14</c>
      <c>4</c>
      <c>2</c>
      <c>5142</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>8</c>
      <c>4</c>
      <c>0</c>
      <c>5373</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>5</c>
      <c>2</c>
      <c>0</c>
      <c>5404</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>1</c>
      <c>1</c>
      <c>0</c>
      <c>5172</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>2</c>
      <c>0</c>
      <c>0</c>
      <c>5349</c>
      <c>Info</c>
      <c>8</c>
      <c>0</c>
      <c>2</c>
      <c>5301</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>5</c>
      <c>1</c>
      <c>0</c>
      <c>5174</c>
      <c>Info</c>
      <c>0</c>
      <c>0</c>
      <c>0</c>
</texttable>

<texttable>
      <ttcol align='left'>RFC(1998)</ttcol>
      <ttcol align='left'>Status</ttcol>
      <ttcol align='right'>Total</ttcol>
      <ttcol align='right'>1998-1999</ttcol>
      <ttcol align='right'>2018-2019</ttcol>
      <c>2289</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>2</c>
      <c>0</c>
      <c>1</c>
      <c>2267</c>
      <c>Info</c>
      <c>982</c>
      <c>5</c>
      <c>61</c>
      <c>2317</c>
      <c>BCP</c>
      <c>9</c>
      <c>1</c>
      <c>2</c>
      <c>2404</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>137</c>
      <c>6</c>
      <c>1</c>
      <c>2374</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>42</c>
      <c>4</c>
      <c>0</c>
      <c>2449</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>7</c>
      <c>2</c>
      <c>0</c>
      <c>2283</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>17</c>
      <c>3</c>
      <c>2</c>
      <c>2394</c>
      <c>Info</c>
      <c>13</c>
      <c>2</c>
      <c>1</c>
      <c>2348</c>
      <c>DS</c>
      <c>5</c>
      <c>0</c>
      <c>0</c>
      <c>2382</c>
      <c>Info</c>
      <c>17</c>
      <c>12</c>
      <c>0</c>
      <c>2297</c>
      <c>ISE</c>
      <c>36</c>
      <c>11</c>
      <c>0</c>
      <c>2381</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>39</c>
      <c>12</c>
      <c>0</c>
      <c>2312</c>
      <c>Info</c>
      <c>14</c>
      <c>3</c>
      <c>0</c>
      <c>2387</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>4</c>
      <c>1</c>
      <c>0</c>
      <c>2398</c>
      <c>Info</c>
      <c>17</c>
      <c>0</c>
      <c>1</c>
      <c>2391</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>31</c>
      <c>3</c>
      <c>0</c>
      <c>2431</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>3</c>
      <c>0</c>
      <c>0</c>
      <c>2282</c>
      <c>Info</c>
      <c>8</c>
      <c>0</c>
      <c>0</c>
      <c>2323</c>
      <c>ISE</c>
      <c>1</c>
      <c>0</c>
      <c>0</c>
      <c>2448</c>
      <c>ISE</c>
      <c>0</c>
      <c>0</c>
      <c>0</c>
</texttable>

<t>We
        <table align="center" pn="table-11">
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">RFC(2008)</th>
              <th align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Status</th>
              <th align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Total</th>
              <th align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2008-2009</th>
              <th align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2018-2019</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">5326</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Exp</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">138</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">14</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">15</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">5348</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">14</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">3</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">5281</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">69</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">15</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">7</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">5354</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Exp</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">17</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">13</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">5227</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">19</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">5329</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">24</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">6</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">5277</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">32</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">3</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">5236</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info (ISE)</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">25</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">5</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">4</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">5358</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">BCP</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">21</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">5271</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">7</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">5195</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">7</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">4</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">5283</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">5186</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">14</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">4</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">5142</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">4</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">5373</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">5</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">5404</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">5172</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">5349</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">5301</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">5</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">5174</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table align="center" pn="table-12">
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">RFC (1998)</th>
              <th align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Status</th>
              <th align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Total</th>
              <th align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1998-1999</th>
              <th align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2018-2019</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2289</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2267</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">982</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">5</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">61</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2317</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">BCP</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">9</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2404</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">137</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">6</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2374</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">42</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">4</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2449</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">7</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2283</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">17</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">3</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2394</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">13</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2348</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">DS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">5</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2382</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">17</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">12</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2297</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info (ISE)</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">36</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">11</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2381</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">39</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">12</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2312</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">14</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">3</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2387</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">4</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2398</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">17</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2391</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">31</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">3</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2431</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">3</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2282</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2323</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info (ISE)</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2448</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info (ISE)</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-5.2-4">We can compare the median number of citations and the numbers of citations
for the least and most popular quartiles in the three years:</t>

<texttable>
      <ttcol align='left'>References</ttcol>
      <ttcol align='right'>Lower 25%</ttcol>
      <ttcol align='right'>Median</ttcol>
      <ttcol align='right'>Higher 25%</ttcol>
      <c>RFC (2018)</c>
      <c>0</c>
      <c>1</c>
      <c>3</c>
      <c>RFC (2008)</c>
      <c>6.5</c>
      <c>11</c>
      <c>21.75</c>
      <c>RFC
        <table align="center" pn="table-13">
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">References</th>
              <th align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Lower 25%</th>
              <th align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Median</th>
              <th align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Higher 25%</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">RFC (2018)</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">3</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">RFC (2008)</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">6.5</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">11</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">21.75</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">RFC (2008), until 2009</c>
      <c>1</c>
      <c>2.5</c>
      <c>4.5</c>
      <c>RFC 2009</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2.5</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">4.5</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">RFC (2008), 2018 and after</c>
      <c>0</c>
      <c>0</c>
      <c>2</c>
      <c>RFC (1998)</c>
      <c>4.75</c>
      <c>13.5</c>
      <c>32.25</c>
      <c>RFC after</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">RFC (1998)</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">4.75</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">13.5</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">32.25</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">RFC (1998), until 1999</c>
      <c>0</c>
      <c>2</c>
      <c>4.25</c>
      <c>RFC 1999</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">4.25</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">RFC (1998), 2018 and after</c>
      <c>0</c>
      <c>0</c>
      <c>1</c>
</texttable>

<t>The after</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-5.2-6">The total numbers show new documents with fewer citations than the older ones.
This can be explained to some degree by the passage of time. If we
restrict the analysis to the number of citations accrued in the year of
publishing and the year after that, we still see about the same distribution
for the three samples.</t>

<t>We
        <t indent="0" pn="section-5.2-7">We also see that the number of references to RFC RFCs fades over time. Only the
most popular of the RFC produced in 1998 are still cited in 2019.</t>
      </section>
      <section anchor="citations-versus-deployments" title="Citations Versus Deployments">

<t>The numbered="true" toc="include" removeInRFC="false" pn="section-5.3">
        <name slugifiedName="name-citations-versus-deployment">Citations versus Deployments</name>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-5.3-1">The following table shows
side by side the number of citations as measured in <xref target="citation-numbers"/> target="citation-numbers" format="default" sectionFormat="of" derivedContent="Section 5.1"/> and
the estimation of deployment as indicated in <xref target="sample-rfc-analysis"/>.</t>

<texttable>
      <ttcol align='left'>RFC(2018)</ttcol>
      <ttcol align='left'>Status</ttcol>
      <ttcol align='right'>Citations</ttcol>
      <ttcol align='right'>Deployment</ttcol>
      <c>8411</c>
      <c>Info</c>
      <c>1</c>
      <c>medium</c>
      <c>8456</c>
      <c>Info</c>
      <c>1</c>
      <c>medium</c>
      <c>8446</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>418</c>
      <c>high</c>
      <c>8355</c>
      <c>Info</c>
      <c>3</c>
      <c>medium</c>
      <c>8441</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>1</c>
      <c>high</c>
      <c>8324</c>
      <c>ISE</c>
      <c>0</c>
      <c>N/A</c>
      <c>8377</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>0</c>
      <c>unknown</c>
      <c>8498</c>
      <c>Info</c>
      <c>0</c>
      <c>unknown</c>
      <c>8479</c>
      <c>ISE</c>
      <c>0</c>
      <c>one</c>
      <c>8453</c>
      <c>Info</c>
      <c>3</c>
      <c>unknown</c>
      <c>8429</c>
      <c>BCP</c>
      <c>0</c>
      <c>some</c>
      <c>8312</c>
      <c>Info</c>
      <c>25</c>
      <c>high</c>
      <c>8492</c>
      <c>ISE</c>
      <c>4</c>
      <c>one</c>
      <c>8378</c>
      <c>Exp</c>
      <c>1</c>
      <c>some</c>
      <c>8361</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>0</c>
      <c>one</c>
      <c>8472</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>1</c>
      <c>medium</c>
      <c>8471</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>1</c>
      <c>medium</c>
      <c>8466</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>0</c>
      <c>unknown</c>
      <c>8362</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>1</c>
      <c>medium</c>
      <c>8468</c>
      <c>Info</c>
      <c>1</c>
      <c>some</c>
</texttable>

<t>From target="sample-rfc-analysis" format="default" sectionFormat="of" derivedContent="Section 3"/>.</t>
        <table align="center" pn="table-14">
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">RFC (2018)</th>
              <th align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Status</th>
              <th align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Citations</th>
              <th align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Deployment</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8411</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">medium</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8456</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">medium</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8446</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">418</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">high</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8355</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">3</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">medium</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8441</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">high</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8324</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info (ISE)</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">N/A</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8377</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">unknown</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8498</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">unknown</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8479</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info (ISE)</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">one</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8453</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">3</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">unknown</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8429</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">BCP</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">some</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8312</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">25</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">high</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8492</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info (ISE)</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">4</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">one</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8378</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Exp</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">some</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8361</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">one</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8472</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">medium</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8471</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">medium</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8466</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">unknown</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8362</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">medium</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8468</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">some</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-5.3-3">From looking at these results, it is fairly obvious that citation counts
cannot be used as proxies for the "value" of an RFC. In our sample, the two
RFCs that have high citation counts were both widely deployed, and can certainly be
described as successful, but we also see many RFCs that saw significant deployment
without garnering a high level of citations.</t>

<t>Citation
        <t indent="0" pn="section-5.3-4">Citation counts are driven by academic interest,
but are only loosely correlated with actual deployment. We saw that <xref target="RFC8446"/> target="RFC8446" format="default" sectionFormat="of" derivedContent="RFC8446"/>
was widely cited in part because the standardization process involved many
researchers, and that the high citation count of <xref target="RFC8312"/> target="RFC8312" format="default" sectionFormat="of" derivedContent="RFC8312"/> is
largely due to the academic interest in evaluating congestion control protocols.
If we look at previous years, the most cited RFC in the 2008 sample is <xref target="RFC5326"/>, target="RFC5326" format="default" sectionFormat="of" derivedContent="RFC5326"/>, an
experimental RFC defining security extensions to an
experimental delay tolerant transport protocol. This protocol does not
carry a significant proportion of Internet traffic, but has been the object
of a fair number of academic studies.</t>

<t>The
        <t indent="0" pn="section-5.3-5">The citation process tends to privilege the first expression of a concept.
We see that with the most cited RFC in the 1998 set is <xref target="RFC2267"/>, target="RFC2267" format="default" sectionFormat="of" derivedContent="RFC2267"/>, an informational
RFC defining Network Ingress Filtering that was obsoleted in May
2000 by <xref target="RFC2827"/>. target="RFC2827" format="default" sectionFormat="of" derivedContent="RFC2827"/>. It is still cited frequently in 2018 and
2019, regardless of its formal status in
the RFC series. Series. We see the same effect at work with <xref target="RFC8441"/>, target="RFC8441" format="default" sectionFormat="of" derivedContent="RFC8441"/>, which
garners very few citations although it obsoletes updates <xref target="RFC6455"/> target="RFC6455" format="default" sectionFormat="of" derivedContent="RFC6455"/> that has
a large number of citations. The same goes for <xref target="RFC8468"/>, target="RFC8468" format="default" sectionFormat="of" derivedContent="RFC8468"/>, which is
sparsely cited while the <xref target="RFC2330"/> target="RFC2330" format="default" sectionFormat="of" derivedContent="RFC2330"/> is widely cited. Just counting citations
will not indicate whether developers still use an old specification or
have adopted the revised RFC.</t>
      </section>
      <section anchor="citations-versus-web-references" title="Citations Versus numbered="true" toc="include" removeInRFC="false" pn="section-5.4">
        <name slugifiedName="name-citations-versus-web-refere">Citations versus Web References">

<t>Web References</name>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-5.4-1">Web references might be another indicator of the popularity of an RFC.
In order to evaluate these references, we list here the number of results
returned by searches on Google and Bing, looking for the search term "RFCnnnn"
(e.g., RFC8411), "RFC8411"), and copying the number of results returned by the
search engines. The table below presents the results of these searches,
performed on April 4, 2020.</t>

<texttable>
      <ttcol align='left'>RFC(2018)</ttcol>
      <ttcol align='left'>Status</ttcol>
      <ttcol align='right'>Citations</ttcol>
      <ttcol align='right'>Google</ttcol>
      <ttcol align='right'>Bing</ttcol>
      <c>8411</c>
      <c>Info</c>
      <c>1</c>
      <c>301</c>
      <c>94</c>
      <c>8456</c>
      <c>Info</c>
      <c>1</c>
      <c>266</c>
      <c>8456</c>
      <c>8446</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>418</c>
      <c>25900</c>
      <c>47800</c>
      <c>8355</c>
      <c>Info</c>
      <c>3</c>
      <c>521</c>
      <c>114</c>
      <c>8441</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>1</c>
      <c>2430</c>
      <c>59500</c>
      <c>8324</c>
      <c>ISE</c>
      <c>0</c>
      <c>393</c>
      <c>138</c>
      <c>8377</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>0</c>
      <c>264</c>
      <c>10900</c>
      <c>8498</c>
      <c>Info</c>
      <c>0</c>
      <c>335</c>
      <c>10100</c>
      <c>8479</c>
      <c>ISE</c>
      <c>0</c>
      <c>564</c>
      <c>11000</c>
      <c>8453</c>
      <c>Info</c>
      <c>3</c>
      <c>817</c>
      <c>11400</c>
      <c>8429</c>
      <c>BCP</c>
      <c>0</c>
      <c>391</c>
      <c>41600</c>
      <c>8312</c>
      <c>Info</c>
      <c>25</c>
      <c>1620</c>
      <c>2820</c>
      <c>8492</c>
      <c>ISE</c>
      <c>4</c>
      <c>323</c>
      <c>9400</c>
      <c>8378</c>
      <c>Exp</c>
      <c>1</c>
      <c>418</c>
      <c>11600</c>
      <c>8361</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>0</c>
      <c>499</c>
      <c>92</c>
      <c>8472</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>1</c>
      <c>496</c>
      <c>169</c>
      <c>8471</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>1</c>
      <c>1510</c>
      <c>11600</c>
      <c>8466</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>0</c>
      <c>766</c>
      <c>173</c>
      <c>8362</c>
      <c>PS</c>
      <c>1</c>
      <c>67</c>
      <c>147</c>
      <c>8468</c>
      <c>Info</c>
      <c>1</c>
      <c>453</c>
      <c>127</c>
</texttable>

<t>The results
        <table align="center" pn="table-15">
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">RFC(2018)</th>
              <th align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Status</th>
              <th align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Citations</th>
              <th align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Google</th>
              <th align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Bing</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8411</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">301</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">94</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8456</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">266</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8456</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8446</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">418</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">25900</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">47800</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8355</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">3</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">521</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">114</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8441</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2430</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">59500</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8324</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info (ISE)</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">393</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">138</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8377</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">264</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">10900</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8498</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">335</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">10100</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8479</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info (ISE)</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">564</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">11000</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8453</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">3</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">817</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">11400</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8429</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">BCP</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">391</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">41600</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8312</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">25</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1620</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2820</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8492</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info (ISE)</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">4</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">323</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">9400</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8378</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Exp</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">418</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">11600</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8361</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">499</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">92</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8472</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">496</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">169</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8471</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1510</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">11600</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8466</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">766</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">173</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8362</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">PS</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">67</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">147</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8468</td>
              <td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Info</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">453</td>
              <td align="right" colspan="1" rowspan="1">127</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <t indent="0" pn="section-5.4-3">The result counts from Bing are sometimes surprising. Why would RFC 8441 gather
59,500 web references? Looking at the results in detail, we find a mix of data.
Some of them are logs of development projects implementing Web Sockets, which
is exactly what we are looking for, but others appear spurious. For example,
a shop selling rugby jerseys is listed because its phone number ends with "8441".
Other pages were listed because street numbers or product numbers matched the
RFC number.
The same type of collision may explain the large reference counts on Bing for
RFC
RFCs 8377, 8498, 8479, 8453, 8429, 8378, and 8471. The result counts on Bing
do not appear to provide a good metric.</t>

<t>On
        <t indent="0" pn="section-5.4-4">On Google, all RFC RFCs garner at least a 250 references, largely because the whole
RFC catalog is replicated on a large number of web servers. Deviations from that
base line
baseline are largely correlated with the number of citations in the Semantic
Scholar, with a couple of exception: RFC 8441, 8441 and RFC 8471 garner more
references than the low citation counts would predict. Looking at the
results, we find many references in development databases explaining
how these protocols are implemented in various code bases and open source
projects. This means that counting Google results would give some indication
about an RFC's popularity, complementing the citation counts.</t>

<t>There
        <t indent="0" pn="section-5.4-5">There are some practical problems in using the counts of Google
results. Google searches are personalized, the results depend
on the source of the queries, and the counts may vary as well. The
search result results depend on the search algorithm, and there is no guarantee
that counts will not change when the algorithm changes. On the other
hand, the results do indicate that some of the RFC RFCs in our sample
are beeing being used by developers or in deployments.</t>
      </section>
    </section>
    <section anchor="conclusion" title="Observations numbered="true" toc="include" removeInRFC="false" pn="section-6">
      <name slugifiedName="name-observations-and-next-steps">Observations and Next Steps">

<t>The Steps</name>
      <t indent="0" pn="section-6-1">The author's goal was to get a personal understanding of the "chain
of production" of the RFCs, and in particular to look at the various
causes of delays in the process. As shown in
<xref target="process-analysis"/>, target="process-analysis" format="default" sectionFormat="of" derivedContent="Section 4"/>, the average RFC was produced in 3 years and 4 months,
which is similar to what was found in the
2008 sample, but more than three times larger than the delays for the
1998 sample.</t>

<t>The Working Group
      <t indent="0" pn="section-6-2">The working group process appears to be the main source of delays.
Efforts to diminish delays should probably focus there, instead of on the
IETF and IESG reviews of or the RFC production. For the RFC production
phase, most of the variability originates in the AUTH-48 AUTH48 process,
which is influenced by a variety of factors such as number of
authors or level of engagement of these authors.</t>

<t>Most
      <t indent="0" pn="section-6-3">Most of the delay is spent in the Working Group, working group, but the IETF
datatracker
Datatracker does not hold much information about what happens inside
the Working Groups. working groups. For example, events like Working Group Last Calls
were not recorded in the history of the selected drafts available in the
datatracker.
Datatracker. Such information would have been interesting. Of course,
requiring that information would create an administrative burden, so
there is clearly a trade-off between requiring more work from working
group chairs and providing better data for process analysis. (It appears
that this information can be available in the datatracker Datatracker for more recent
drafts, if the WG chairs use the datatracker Datatracker properly.)</t>

<t>The
      <t indent="0" pn="section-6-4">The Independent Stream operates as expected. The majority
of the authors of the Independent Stream RFCs appear to be in IETF insiders,
but there is significant amount of engagement by outside parties.</t>

<t>The
      <t indent="0" pn="section-6-5">The analysis of citations in <xref target="citation-numbers"/> target="citation-numbers" format="default" sectionFormat="of" derivedContent="Section 5.1"/> shows that citation
numbers are a very poor indication of the "value" of an RFC. Citation
numbers measure the engagement of academic researchers with specific
topics, but have little correlation with the level of adoption and
deployment of a specific RFC. The result counts of Google searches
do capture references outside academia, such as logs of development
projects. This might be informative, but it is not clear that the counts
would not change over time due to algorithm changes or personaliztion.</t>

<t>This personalization.</t>
      <t indent="0" pn="section-6-6">This document analyses a small sample of RFCs "in depth". This allowed
gathering of detailed feedback on the process and the deployments. On
the other hand, much of the data on delays is available from the
IETF datatracker. Datatracker. It may be worth considering adding an automated
reporting of delay metrics in the IETF datatracker.</t>

<t>This Datatracker.</t>
      <t indent="0" pn="section-6-7">This document only considers the RFCs that were published in a given
year. This approach can be criticized as introducing a form of
"survivor bias". There are many drafts proposed to the IETF, and only
a fraction of them end up being published as RFCs.
On one hand hand, this is expected,
because part of the process is to triage between ideas that can gather
consensus and those that don't. On the other hand, we don't know
whether that triage is too drastic and has discouraged progress on good
ideas.</t>

<t>One
      <t indent="0" pn="section-6-8">One way to evaluate the triage process would be to
look at publication attempts that were abandoned, abandoned -- for
example
example, drafts that expired without progressing or being replaced. The sampling
methodology could also be used for that purpose. Pick maybe 20 drafts at random,
among those abandoned in a target year, and investigate why they were abandoned.
Was it because better solutions emerged in the Working Group? working group? Or maybe because
the authors discovered a flaw in their proposal? Or was it because some factional
struggle blocked a good idea? Was the idea pursued in a different venue?
Hopefully, someone will try this kind of investigation.</t>
    </section>
    <section anchor="security-considerations" title="Security Considerations">

<t>This draft numbered="true" toc="include" removeInRFC="false" pn="section-7">
      <name slugifiedName="name-security-considerations">Security Considerations</name>
      <t indent="0" pn="section-7-1">This document does not specify any protocol.</t>

<t>We
      <t indent="0" pn="section-7-2">We might want to analyze whether security issues were discovered after
publication of specific standards.</t>
    </section>
    <section anchor="iana-considerations" title="IANA Considerations">

<t>This draft does not require any numbered="true" toc="include" removeInRFC="false" pn="section-8">
      <name slugifiedName="name-iana-considerations">IANA Considerations</name>
      <t indent="0" pn="section-8-1">This document has no IANA action.</t>

<t>Peliminary actions.</t>
      <t indent="0" pn="section-8-2">Preliminary analysis does not indicate that IANA is causing any particular
delay in the RFC publication process.</t>
    </section>
<section anchor="acknowledgements" title="Acknowledgements">

<t>Many thanks to the authors of the selected RFCs who were willing to
provide feedback on the process:
Michael Ackermann,
Zafar Ali,
Sarah Banks,
Bruno Decraene,
Lars Eggert,
Nalini Elkins,
Joachim Fabini,
Dino Farinacci,
Clarence Filsfils,
Sujay Gupta,
Dan Harkins,
Vinayak Hegde,
Benjamin Kaduk,
John Klensin,
Acee Lindem,
Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos,
Patrick McManus,
Victor Moreno,
Al Morton,
Andrei Popov,
Eric Rescorla,
Michiko Short,
Bhuvaneswaran Vengainathan,
Lao Weiguo, and
Li Yizhou.
Many thanks to Adrian Farrel for his useful advice, to Stephen Farrell and Colin Perkins
for their guidance on the use of citations, and to Dave Crocker for a comprehensive
review.</t>

</section>
  </middle>
  <back>
    <displayreference target="I-D.ietf-rtgwg-segment-routing-ti-lfa" to="TI-LFA"/>
    <references title='Informative References'> pn="section-9">
      <name slugifiedName="name-informative-references">Informative References</name>
      <reference anchor="TRKR" target="https://datatracker.ietf.org/"> anchor="IETFCOUNT" target="https://www.ietf.org/how/meetings/past/" quoteTitle="true" derivedAnchor="IETFCOUNT">
        <front>
    <title>IETF Data Tracker</title>
    <author >
      <organization>IETF</organization>
          <title>Past IETF Meetings</title>
          <author>
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true">IETF</organization>
          </author>
    <date year="2020"/>
        </front>
      </reference>
      <reference anchor="SSCH" target="https://www.semanticscholar.org/"> anchor="RFC2267" target="https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2267" quoteTitle="true" derivedAnchor="RFC2267">
        <front>
    <title>Semantic Scholar</title>
          <title>Network Ingress Filtering: Defeating Denial of Service Attacks which employ IP Source Address Spoofing</title>
          <author >
      <organization>Allen Institute for AI</organization> initials="P." surname="Ferguson" fullname="P. Ferguson">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
    <date year="2020"/>
  </front>
</reference>
<reference anchor="TLS13IMP" target="https://github.com/tlswg/tlswg-wiki/blob/master/IMPLEMENTATIONS.md">
  <front>
    <title>TLS 1.3 Implementations</title>
          <author >
      <organization>TLS WG</organization> initials="D." surname="Senie" fullname="D. Senie">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <date year="2020"/> year="1998" month="January"/>
          <abstract>
            <t indent="0">This paper discusses a simple, effective, and straightforward method for using ingress traffic filtering to prohibit DoS attacks which use forged IP addresses to be propagated from 'behind' an Internet Service Provider's (ISP) aggregation point.  This memo provides information for the Internet community.  It does not specify an Internet standard of any kind.</t>
          </abstract>
        </front>
        <seriesInfo name="RFC" value="2267"/>
        <seriesInfo name="DOI" value="10.17487/RFC2267"/>
      </reference>
      <reference anchor="RFCYEAR" target="https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfcs-per-year/"> anchor="RFC2330" target="https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2330" quoteTitle="true" derivedAnchor="RFC2330">
        <front>
    <title>Number of RFC Published per YEAR</title>
          <title>Framework for IP Performance Metrics</title>
          <author >
      <organization>RFC Editor</organization> initials="V." surname="Paxson" fullname="V. Paxson">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
    <date year="2020"/>
  </front>
</reference>
<reference anchor="IETFCOUNT" target="https://www.ietf.org/how/meetings/past/">
  <front>
    <title>Past IETF Meetings</title>
          <author >
      <organization>IETF</organization> initials="G." surname="Almes" fullname="G. Almes">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <author initials="J." surname="Mahdavi" fullname="J. Mahdavi">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
    <date year="2020"/>
  </front>
</reference>

<reference  anchor="RFC8411" target='https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8411'>
<front>
<title>IANA Registration for the Cryptographic Algorithm Object Identifier Range</title>
          <author initials='J.' surname='Schaad' fullname='J. Schaad'><organization /></author>
<author initials='R.' surname='Andrews' fullname='R. Andrews'><organization /></author> initials="M." surname="Mathis" fullname="M. Mathis">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <date year='2018' month='August' />
<abstract><t>When the Curdle Security Working Group was chartered, a range of object identifiers was donated by DigiCert, Inc. for the year="1998" month="May"/>
          <abstract>
            <t indent="0">The purpose of registering the Edwards Elliptic Curve key agreement and signature algorithms.  This donated set of OIDs allowed this memo is to define a general framework for shorter values than would particular metrics to be possible using developed by the existing S/MIME or PKIX arcs. IETF's IP Performance Metrics effort. This document describes the donated range and memo provides information for the identifiers that were assigned from that range, transfers control Internet community.  It does not specify an Internet standard of that range to IANA, and establishes IANA allocation policies for any future assignments within that range.</t></abstract> kind.</t>
          </abstract>
        </front>
        <seriesInfo name='RFC' value='8411'/> name="RFC" value="2330"/>
        <seriesInfo name='DOI' value='10.17487/RFC8411'/> name="DOI" value="10.17487/RFC2330"/>
      </reference>
      <reference  anchor="RFC8410" target='https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8410'> anchor="RFC2827" target="https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2827" quoteTitle="true" derivedAnchor="RFC2827">
        <front>
<title>Algorithm Identifiers for Ed25519, Ed448, X25519,
          <title>Network Ingress Filtering: Defeating Denial of Service Attacks which employ IP Source Address Spoofing</title>
          <author initials="P." surname="Ferguson" fullname="P. Ferguson">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <author initials="D." surname="Senie" fullname="D. Senie">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <date year="2000" month="May"/>
          <abstract>
            <t indent="0">This paper discusses a simple, effective, and X448 straightforward method for Use in the using ingress traffic filtering to prohibit DoS (Denial of Service) attacks which use forged IP addresses to be propagated from 'behind' an Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure</title>
<author initials='S.' surname='Josefsson' fullname='S. Josefsson'><organization /></author>
<author initials='J.' surname='Schaad' fullname='J. Schaad'><organization /></author>
<date year='2018' month='August' />
<abstract><t>This Service Provider's (ISP) aggregation point.  This document specifies algorithm identifiers and ASN.1 encoding formats an Internet Best Current Practices for elliptic curve constructs using the curve25519 and curve448 curves.  The signature algorithms covered are Ed25519 Internet Community, and Ed448.  The key agreement algorithms covered are X25519 requests discussion and X448. The encoding suggestions for public key, private key, and Edwards-curve Digital Signature Algorithm (EdDSA) structures is provided.</t></abstract> improvements.</t>
          </abstract>
        </front>
        <seriesInfo name='RFC' value='8410'/> name="BCP" value="38"/>
        <seriesInfo name="RFC" value="2827"/>
        <seriesInfo name='DOI' value='10.17487/RFC8410'/> name="DOI" value="10.17487/RFC2827"/>
      </reference>
      <reference  anchor="RFC8456" target='https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8456'> anchor="RFC5326" target="https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5326" quoteTitle="true" derivedAnchor="RFC5326">
        <front>
<title>Benchmarking Methodology for Software-Defined Networking (SDN) Controller Performance</title>
          <title>Licklider Transmission Protocol - Specification</title>
          <author initials="M." surname="Ramadas" fullname="M. Ramadas">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <author initials="S." surname="Burleigh" fullname="S. Burleigh">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <author initials='V.' surname='Bhuvaneswaran' fullname='V. Bhuvaneswaran'><organization /></author>
<author initials='A.' surname='Basil' fullname='A. Basil'><organization /></author>
<author initials='M.' surname='Tassinari' fullname='M. Tassinari'><organization /></author>
<author initials='V.' surname='Manral' fullname='V. Manral'><organization /></author>
<author initials='S.' surname='Banks' fullname='S. Banks'><organization /></author> initials="S." surname="Farrell" fullname="S. Farrell">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <date year='2018' month='October' />
<abstract><t>This year="2008" month="September"/>
          <abstract>
            <t indent="0">This document defines methodologies for benchmarking the control-plane performance of Software-Defined Networking (SDN) Controllers.  The SDN Controller is a core component in the SDN architecture that controls the behavior of describes the network.  SDN Controllers have been implemented with many varying designs in order Licklider Transmission Protocol (LTP), designed to achieve their intended network functionality.  Hence, provide retransmission-based reliability over links characterized by extremely long message round-trip times (RTTs) and/or frequent interruptions in connectivity.  Since communication across interplanetary space is the authors most prominent example of this document have taken the approach sort of considering an SDN Controller to be a black box, defining the methodology environment, LTP is principally aimed at supporting "long-haul" reliable transmission in a manner that interplanetary space, but it has applications in other environments as well.</t>
            <t indent="0">This document is agnostic to protocols a product of the Delay Tolerant Networking Research Group and network services supported has been reviewed by controllers. that group.  No objections to its publication as an RFC were raised.  This document provides a method memo defines an Experimental  Protocol for measuring the performance of all controller implementations.</t></abstract> Internet community.</t>
          </abstract>
        </front>
        <seriesInfo name='RFC' value='8456'/> name="RFC" value="5326"/>
        <seriesInfo name='DOI' value='10.17487/RFC8456'/> name="DOI" value="10.17487/RFC5326"/>
      </reference>
      <reference  anchor="RFC8455" target='https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8455'> anchor="RFC6455" target="https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6455" quoteTitle="true" derivedAnchor="RFC6455">
        <front>
<title>Terminology for Benchmarking Software-Defined Networking (SDN) Controller Performance</title>
          <title>The WebSocket Protocol</title>
          <author initials='V.' surname='Bhuvaneswaran' fullname='V. Bhuvaneswaran'><organization /></author>
<author initials='A.' surname='Basil' fullname='A. Basil'><organization /></author>
<author initials='M.' surname='Tassinari' fullname='M. Tassinari'><organization /></author>
<author initials='V.' surname='Manral' fullname='V. Manral'><organization /></author>
<author initials='S.' surname='Banks' fullname='S. Banks'><organization /></author> initials="I." surname="Fette" fullname="I. Fette">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <author initials="A." surname="Melnikov" fullname="A. Melnikov">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <date year='2018' month='October' />
<abstract><t>This document defines terminology for benchmarking year="2011" month="December"/>
          <abstract>
            <t indent="0">The WebSocket Protocol enables two-way communication between a Software-Defined Networking (SDN) controller's control-plane performance.  It extends the terminology already defined client running untrusted code in RFC 7426 a controlled environment to a remote host that has opted-in to communications from that code.  The security model used for the purpose of benchmarking SDN Controllers.  The terms provided in this document help to benchmark an SDN Controller's performance independently of the controller's supported protocols and/or network services.</t></abstract>
</front>
<seriesInfo name='RFC' value='8455'/>
<seriesInfo name='DOI' value='10.17487/RFC8455'/>
</reference>

<reference  anchor="RFC8446" target='https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8446'>
<front>
<title>The Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol Version 1.3</title>
<author initials='E.' surname='Rescorla' fullname='E. Rescorla'><organization /></author>
<date year='2018' month='August' />
<abstract><t>This document specifies version 1.3 of the Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol.  TLS allows client/server applications to communicate over the Internet in a way that is designed to prevent eavesdropping, tampering, and message forgery.</t><t>This document updates RFCs 5705 and 6066, and obsoletes RFCs 5077, 5246, and 6961.  This document also specifies new requirements for TLS 1.2 implementations.</t></abstract>
</front>
<seriesInfo name='RFC' value='8446'/>
<seriesInfo name='DOI' value='10.17487/RFC8446'/>
</reference>

<reference  anchor="RFC8355" target='https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8355'>
<front>
<title>Resiliency Use Cases in Source Packet Routing in Networking (SPRING) Networks</title>
<author initials='C.' surname='Filsfils' fullname='C. Filsfils' role='editor'><organization /></author>
<author initials='S.' surname='Previdi' fullname='S. Previdi' role='editor'><organization /></author>
<author initials='B.' surname='Decraene' fullname='B. Decraene'><organization /></author>
<author initials='R.' surname='Shakir' fullname='R. Shakir'><organization /></author>
<date year='2018' month='March' />
<abstract><t>This document identifies and describes the requirements for a set of use cases related to Segment Routing network resiliency on Source Packet Routing in Networking (SPRING) networks.</t></abstract>
</front>
<seriesInfo name='RFC' value='8355'/>
<seriesInfo name='DOI' value='10.17487/RFC8355'/>
</reference>

<reference  anchor="RFC8441" target='https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8441'>
<front>
<title>Bootstrapping WebSockets with HTTP/2</title>
<author initials='P.' surname='McManus' fullname='P. McManus'><organization /></author>
<date year='2018' month='September' />
<abstract><t>This document defines a mechanism for running the WebSocket Protocol (RFC 6455) over a single stream of an HTTP/2 connection.</t></abstract>
</front>
<seriesInfo name='RFC' value='8441'/>
<seriesInfo name='DOI' value='10.17487/RFC8441'/>
</reference>

<reference  anchor="RFC6455" target='https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6455'>
<front>
<title>The WebSocket Protocol</title>
<author initials='I.' surname='Fette' fullname='I. Fette'><organization /></author>
<author initials='A.' surname='Melnikov' fullname='A. Melnikov'><organization /></author>
<date year='2011' month='December' />
<abstract><t>The WebSocket Protocol enables two-way communication between a client running untrusted code in a controlled environment to a remote host that has opted-in to communications from that code.  The security model used for this is this is the origin-based security model commonly used by web browsers.  The protocol consists of an opening handshake followed by basic message framing, layered over TCP.  The goal of this technology is to provide a mechanism for browser-based applications that need two-way communication with servers that does not rely on opening multiple HTTP connections (e.g., using XMLHttpRequest or &lt;iframe&gt;s and long polling).  [STANDARDS-TRACK]</t></abstract>  [STANDARDS-TRACK]</t>
          </abstract>
        </front>
        <seriesInfo name='RFC' value='6455'/> name="RFC" value="6455"/>
        <seriesInfo name='DOI' value='10.17487/RFC6455'/> name="DOI" value="10.17487/RFC6455"/>
      </reference>
      <reference  anchor="RFC8324" target='https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8324'> anchor="RFC8312" target="https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8312" quoteTitle="true" derivedAnchor="RFC8312">
        <front>
<title>DNS Privacy, Authorization, Special Uses, Encoding, Characters, Matching, and Root Structure: Time
          <title>CUBIC for Another Look?</title> Fast Long-Distance Networks</title>
          <author initials="I." surname="Rhee" fullname="I. Rhee">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <author initials="L." surname="Xu" fullname="L. Xu">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <author initials="S." surname="Ha" fullname="S. Ha">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <author initials="A." surname="Zimmermann" fullname="A. Zimmermann">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <author initials="L." surname="Eggert" fullname="L. Eggert">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <author initials='J.' surname='Klensin' fullname='J. Klensin'><organization /></author> initials="R." surname="Scheffenegger" fullname="R. Scheffenegger">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <date year='2018' month='February' />
<abstract><t>The basic design of the Domain Name year="2018" month="February"/>
          <abstract>
            <t indent="0">CUBIC is an extension to the current TCP standards.  It differs from the current TCP standards only in the congestion control algorithm on the sender side.  In particular, it uses a cubic function instead of a linear window increase function of the current TCP standards to improve scalability and stability under fast and long-distance networks.  CUBIC and its predecessor algorithm have been adopted as defaults by Linux and have been used for many years.  This document provides a specification of CUBIC to enable third-party implementations and to solicit community feedback through experimentation on the performance of CUBIC.</t>
          </abstract>
        </front>
        <seriesInfo name="RFC" value="8312"/>
        <seriesInfo name="DOI" value="10.17487/RFC8312"/>
      </reference>
      <reference anchor="RFC8324" target="https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8324" quoteTitle="true" derivedAnchor="RFC8324">
        <front>
          <title>DNS Privacy, Authorization, Special Uses, Encoding, Characters, Matching, and Root Structure: Time for Another Look?</title>
          <author initials="J." surname="Klensin" fullname="J. Klensin">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <date year="2018" month="February"/>
          <abstract>
            <t indent="0">The basic design of the Domain Name System was completed almost 30 years ago.  The last half of that period has been characterized by significant changes in requirements and expectations, some of which either require changes to how the DNS is used or can be accommodated only poorly or not at all.  This document asks the question of whether it is time to either redesign and replace the DNS to match contemporary requirements and expectations (rather than continuing to try to design and implement incremental patches that are not fully satisfactory) or draw some clear lines about functionality that is not really needed or that should be performed in some other way.</t></abstract> way.</t>
          </abstract>
        </front>
        <seriesInfo name='RFC' value='8324'/> name="RFC" value="8324"/>
        <seriesInfo name='DOI' value='10.17487/RFC8324'/> name="DOI" value="10.17487/RFC8324"/>
      </reference>
      <reference  anchor="RFC8377" target='https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8377'> anchor="RFC8355" target="https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8355" quoteTitle="true" derivedAnchor="RFC8355">
        <front>
<title>Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL): Multi-Topology</title>
          <title>Resiliency Use Cases in Source Packet Routing in Networking (SPRING) Networks</title>
          <author initials='D.' surname='Eastlake 3rd' fullname='D. Eastlake 3rd'><organization /></author> initials="C." surname="Filsfils" fullname="C. Filsfils" role="editor">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <author initials="S." surname="Previdi" fullname="S. Previdi" role="editor">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <author initials='M.' surname='Zhang' fullname='M. Zhang'><organization /></author>
<author initials='A.' surname='Banerjee' fullname='A. Banerjee'><organization /></author> initials="B." surname="Decraene" fullname="B. Decraene">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <author initials="R." surname="Shakir" fullname="R. Shakir">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <date year='2018' month='July' />
<abstract><t>This year="2018" month="March"/>
          <abstract>
            <t indent="0">This document specifies extensions to identifies and describes the IETF TRILL (Transparent Interconnection of Lots requirements for a set of Links) protocol use cases related to support multi-topology routing of unicast and multi-destination traffic based Segment Routing network resiliency on IS-IS (Intermediate System to Intermediate System) multi-topology specified Source Packet Routing in RFC 5120.  This document updates RFCs 6325 and 7177.</t></abstract> Networking (SPRING) networks.</t>
          </abstract>
        </front>
        <seriesInfo name='RFC' value='8377'/> name="RFC" value="8355"/>
        <seriesInfo name='DOI' value='10.17487/RFC8377'/> name="DOI" value="10.17487/RFC8355"/>
      </reference>
      <reference  anchor="RFC8498" target='https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8498'> anchor="RFC8361" target="https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8361" quoteTitle="true" derivedAnchor="RFC8361">
        <front>
<title>A P-Served-User Header Field Parameter
          <title>Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL): Centralized Replication for an Originating Call Diversion (CDIV) Session Case in the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)</title> Active-Active Broadcast, Unknown Unicast, and Multicast (BUM) Traffic</title>
          <author initials='M.' surname='Mohali' fullname='M. Mohali'><organization /></author>
<date year='2019' month='February' />
<abstract><t>The P-Served-User header field initials="W." surname="Hao" fullname="W. Hao">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <author initials="Y." surname="Li" fullname="Y. Li">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <author initials="M." surname="Durrani" fullname="M. Durrani">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <author initials="S." surname="Gupta" fullname="S. Gupta">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <author initials="A." surname="Qu" fullname="A. Qu">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <date year="2018" month="April"/>
          <abstract>
            <t indent="0">In Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL) active-active access, a Reverse Path Forwarding (RPF) check failure issue may occur when using the pseudo-nickname mechanism specified in RFC 7781.  This document describes a solution to resolve this RPF check failure issue through centralized replication.  All ingress Routing Bridges (RBridges) send Broadcast, Unknown Unicast, and Multicast (BUM) traffic to a centralized node with unicast TRILL encapsulation.  When the centralized node receives the BUM traffic, it decapsulates the packets and forwards them to their destination RBridges using a distribution tree established per the TRILL base protocol (RFC 6325). To avoid RPF check failure on an RBridge sitting between the ingress RBridge and the centralized replication node, some change in the RPF calculation algorithm is required.  RPF checks on each RBridge MUST be calculated as if the centralized node was defined the ingress RBridge, instead of being calculated using the actual ingress RBridge.  This document updates RFC 6325.</t>
          </abstract>
        </front>
        <seriesInfo name="RFC" value="8361"/>
        <seriesInfo name="DOI" value="10.17487/RFC8361"/>
      </reference>
      <reference anchor="RFC8362" target="https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8362" quoteTitle="true" derivedAnchor="RFC8362">
        <front>
          <title>OSPFv3 Link State Advertisement (LSA) Extensibility</title>
          <author initials="A." surname="Lindem" fullname="A. Lindem">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <author initials="A." surname="Roy" fullname="A. Roy">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <author initials="D." surname="Goethals" fullname="D. Goethals">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <author initials="V." surname="Reddy Vallem" fullname="V. Reddy Vallem">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <author initials="F." surname="Baker" fullname="F. Baker">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <date year="2018" month="April"/>
          <abstract>
            <t indent="0">OSPFv3 requires functional extension beyond what can readily be done with the fixed-format Link State Advertisement (LSA) as described in RFC 5340.  Without LSA extension, attributes associated with OSPFv3 links and advertised IPv6 prefixes must be advertised in separate LSAs and correlated to the fixed-format LSAs.  This document extends the LSA format by encoding the existing OSPFv3 LSA information in Type-Length-Value (TLV) tuples and allowing advertisement of additional information with additional TLVs.  Backward-compatibility mechanisms are also described.</t>
            <t indent="0">This document updates RFC 5340, "OSPF for IPv6", and RFC 5838, "Support of Address Families in OSPFv3", by providing TLV-based encodings for the base OSPFv3 unicast support and OSPFv3 address family support.</t>
          </abstract>
        </front>
        <seriesInfo name="RFC" value="8362"/>
        <seriesInfo name="DOI" value="10.17487/RFC8362"/>
      </reference>
      <reference anchor="RFC8377" target="https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8377" quoteTitle="true" derivedAnchor="RFC8377">
        <front>
          <title>Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL): Multi-Topology</title>
          <author initials="D." surname="Eastlake 3rd" fullname="D. Eastlake 3rd">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <author initials="M." surname="Zhang" fullname="M. Zhang">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <author initials="A." surname="Banerjee" fullname="A. Banerjee">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <date year="2018" month="July"/>
          <abstract>
            <t indent="0">This document specifies extensions to the IETF TRILL (Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links) protocol to support multi-topology routing of unicast and multi-destination traffic based on a requirement IS-IS (Intermediate System to Intermediate System) multi-topology specified in RFC 5120.  This document updates RFCs 6325 and 7177.</t>
          </abstract>
        </front>
        <seriesInfo name="RFC" value="8377"/>
        <seriesInfo name="DOI" value="10.17487/RFC8377"/>
      </reference>
      <reference anchor="RFC8378" target="https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8378" quoteTitle="true" derivedAnchor="RFC8378">
        <front>
          <title>Signal-Free Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP) Multicast</title>
          <author initials="V." surname="Moreno" fullname="V. Moreno">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <author initials="D." surname="Farinacci" fullname="D. Farinacci">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <date year="2018" month="May"/>
          <abstract>
            <t indent="0">When multicast sources and receivers are active at Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP) sites, the core network is required to use native multicast so packets can be delivered from sources to group members.  When multicast is not available to connect the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem) multicast sites together, a signal-free mechanism can be used to allow traffic to flow between sites.  The mechanism described in order to convey this document uses unicast replication and encapsulation over the identity of core network for the served user, his/ her registration state, data plane and uses the session case that applies to that particular communication session and application invocation.  A session case is metadata that captures LISP mapping database system so encapsulators at the status of source LISP multicast site can find decapsulators at the session of receiver LISP multicast sites.</t>
          </abstract>
        </front>
        <seriesInfo name="RFC" value="8378"/>
        <seriesInfo name="DOI" value="10.17487/RFC8378"/>
      </reference>
      <reference anchor="RFC8402" target="https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8402" quoteTitle="true" derivedAnchor="RFC8402">
        <front>
          <title>Segment Routing Architecture</title>
          <author initials="C." surname="Filsfils" fullname="C. Filsfils" role="editor">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <author initials="S." surname="Previdi" fullname="S. Previdi" role="editor">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <author initials="L." surname="Ginsberg" fullname="L. Ginsberg">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <author initials="B." surname="Decraene" fullname="B. Decraene">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <author initials="S." surname="Litkowski" fullname="S. Litkowski">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <author initials="R." surname="Shakir" fullname="R. Shakir">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <date year="2018" month="July"/>
          <abstract>
            <t indent="0">Segment Routing (SR) leverages the source routing paradigm.  A node steers a served user regardless packet through an ordered list of whether instructions, called "segments".  A segment can represent any instruction, topological or not the served user is registered service based.  A segment can have a semantic local to an SR node or global within an SR domain.  SR provides a mechanism that allows a flow to be restricted to a specific topological path, while maintaining per-flow state only at the session originates or terminates ingress node(s) to the SR domain.</t>
            <t indent="0">SR can be directly applied to the MPLS architecture with no change to the served user.  This document updates RFC 5502 by defining forwarding plane.  A segment is encoded as an MPLS label.  An ordered list of segments is encoded as a new P-Served-User header field parameter, &quot;orig-cdiv&quot;. stack of labels.  The parameter conveys segment to process is on the session case used by top of the stack.  Upon completion of a proxy when handling an originating session after Call Diversion (CDIV) services have been invoked for segment, the served user.  This document also fixes related label is popped from the ABNF in RFC 5502 and provides more guidance for using stack.</t>
            <t indent="0">SR can be applied to the P-Served-User header field in IP networks.</t></abstract>
</front>
<seriesInfo name='RFC' value='8498'/>
<seriesInfo name='DOI' value='10.17487/RFC8498'/>
</reference>

<reference  anchor="RFC8479" target='https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8479'>
<front>
<title>Storing Validation Parameters in PKCS#8</title>
<author initials='N.' surname='Mavrogiannopoulos' fullname='N. Mavrogiannopoulos'><organization /></author>
<date year='2018' month='September' />
<abstract><t>This memo describes IPv6 architecture, with a method new type of storing parameters needed for private-key validation in the Private-Key Information Syntax Specification routing header.  A segment is encoded as defined an IPv6 address.  An ordered list of segments is encoded as an ordered list of IPv6 addresses in PKCS#8 format (RFC 5208).  It the routing header.  The active segment is equally applicable to indicated by the alternative implementation Destination Address (DA) of the Private-Key Information Syntax Specification as defined in RFC 5958.</t><t>The approach described packet.  The next active segment is indicated by a pointer in this document encodes the parameters under a private enterprise extension and does not form part of a formal standard.</t></abstract> new routing header.</t>
          </abstract>
        </front>
        <seriesInfo name='RFC' value='8479'/> name="RFC" value="8402"/>
        <seriesInfo name='DOI' value='10.17487/RFC8479'/> name="DOI" value="10.17487/RFC8402"/>
      </reference>
      <reference  anchor="RFC8453" target='https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8453'> anchor="RFC8410" target="https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8410" quoteTitle="true" derivedAnchor="RFC8410">
        <front>
<title>Framework
          <title>Algorithm Identifiers for Abstraction Ed25519, Ed448, X25519, and Control of TE Networks (ACTN)</title> X448 for Use in the Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure</title>
          <author initials="S." surname="Josefsson" fullname="S. Josefsson">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <author initials='D.' surname='Ceccarelli' fullname='D. Ceccarelli' role='editor'><organization /></author>
<author initials='Y.' surname='Lee' fullname='Y. Lee' role='editor'><organization /></author> initials="J." surname="Schaad" fullname="J. Schaad">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <date year='2018' month='August' />
<abstract><t>Traffic Engineered (TE) networks have a variety of mechanisms to facilitate the separation of the data plane year="2018" month="August"/>
          <abstract>
            <t indent="0">This document specifies algorithm identifiers and control plane.  They also have a range of management ASN.1 encoding formats for elliptic curve constructs using the curve25519 and provisioning protocols to configure curve448 curves.  The signature algorithms covered are Ed25519 and activate network resources.  These mechanisms represent Ed448.  The key technologies for enabling flexible agreement algorithms covered are X25519 and dynamic networking. X448. The term &quot;Traffic Engineered network&quot; refers to a network that uses any connection-oriented technology under the control of a distributed or centralized control plane to support dynamic provisioning of end-to- end connectivity.</t><t>Abstraction of network resources is a technique that can be applied to a single network domain or across multiple domains to create a single virtualized network that encoding for public key, private key, and Edwards-curve Digital Signature Algorithm (EdDSA) structures is under provided.</t>
          </abstract>
        </front>
        <seriesInfo name="RFC" value="8410"/>
        <seriesInfo name="DOI" value="10.17487/RFC8410"/>
      </reference>
      <reference anchor="RFC8411" target="https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8411" quoteTitle="true" derivedAnchor="RFC8411">
        <front>
          <title>IANA Registration for the control of Cryptographic Algorithm Object Identifier Range</title>
          <author initials="J." surname="Schaad" fullname="J. Schaad">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <author initials="R." surname="Andrews" fullname="R. Andrews">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <date year="2018" month="August"/>
          <abstract>
            <t indent="0">When the Curdle Security Working Group was chartered, a network operator or range of object identifiers was donated by DigiCert, Inc. for the customer purpose of registering the operator that actually owns Edwards Elliptic Curve key agreement and signature algorithms.  This donated set of OIDs allowed for shorter values than would be possible using the network resources.</t><t>This existing S/MIME or PKIX arcs.  This document provides a framework for Abstraction describes the donated range and Control the identifiers that were assigned from that range, transfers control of TE Networks (ACTN) that range to support virtual network services IANA, and connectivity services.</t></abstract> establishes IANA allocation policies for any future assignments within that range.</t>
          </abstract>
        </front>
        <seriesInfo name='RFC' value='8453'/> name="RFC" value="8411"/>
        <seriesInfo name='DOI' value='10.17487/RFC8453'/> name="DOI" value="10.17487/RFC8411"/>
      </reference>
      <reference anchor="RFC8429" target='https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8429'> target="https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8429" quoteTitle="true" derivedAnchor="RFC8429">
        <front>
          <title>Deprecate Triple-DES (3DES) and RC4 in Kerberos</title>
          <author initials='B.' surname='Kaduk' fullname='B. Kaduk'><organization /></author>
<author initials='M.' surname='Short' fullname='M. Short'><organization /></author> initials="B." surname="Kaduk" fullname="B. Kaduk">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <author initials="M." surname="Short" fullname="M. Short">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <date year='2018' month='October' />
<abstract><t>The year="2018" month="October"/>
          <abstract>
            <t indent="0">The triple-DES (3DES) and RC4 encryption types are steadily weakening in cryptographic strength, and the deprecation process should begin for their use in Kerberos.  Accordingly, RFC 4757 has been moved to Historic status, as none of the encryption types it specifies should be used, and RFC 3961 has been updated to note the deprecation of the triple-DES encryption types.  RFC 4120 is likewise updated to remove the recommendation to implement triple-DES encryption and checksum types.</t></abstract>
</front>
<seriesInfo name='BCP' value='218'/>
<seriesInfo name='RFC' value='8429'/>
<seriesInfo name='DOI' value='10.17487/RFC8429'/>
</reference>

<reference  anchor="RFC8312" target='https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8312'>
<front>
<title>CUBIC for Fast Long-Distance Networks</title>
<author initials='I.' surname='Rhee' fullname='I. Rhee'><organization /></author>
<author initials='L.' surname='Xu' fullname='L. Xu'><organization /></author>
<author initials='S.' surname='Ha' fullname='S. Ha'><organization /></author>
<author initials='A.' surname='Zimmermann' fullname='A. Zimmermann'><organization /></author>
<author initials='L.' surname='Eggert' fullname='L. Eggert'><organization /></author>
<author initials='R.' surname='Scheffenegger' fullname='R. Scheffenegger'><organization /></author>
<date year='2018' month='February' />
<abstract><t>CUBIC is an extension to the current TCP standards.  It differs from the current TCP standards only in the congestion control algorithm on the sender side.  In particular, it uses a cubic function instead of a linear window increase function of the current TCP standards to improve scalability and stability under fast and long-distance networks.  CUBIC in cryptographic strength, and its predecessor algorithm have the deprecation process should begin for their use in Kerberos.  Accordingly, RFC 4757 has been adopted moved to Historic status, as defaults by Linux and have been used for many years.  This document provides a specification none of CUBIC to enable third-party implementations the encryption types it specifies should be used, and RFC 3961 has been updated to solicit community feedback through experimentation on note the performance deprecation of CUBIC.</t></abstract> the triple-DES encryption types.  RFC 4120 is likewise updated to remove the recommendation to implement triple-DES encryption and checksum types.</t>
          </abstract>
        </front>
        <seriesInfo name='RFC' value='8312'/> name="BCP" value="218"/>
        <seriesInfo name="RFC" value="8429"/>
        <seriesInfo name='DOI' value='10.17487/RFC8312'/> name="DOI" value="10.17487/RFC8429"/>
      </reference>
      <reference  anchor="RFC8492" target='https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8492'> anchor="RFC8441" target="https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8441" quoteTitle="true" derivedAnchor="RFC8441">
        <front>
<title>Secure Password Ciphersuites for Transport Layer Security (TLS)</title>
          <title>Bootstrapping WebSockets with HTTP/2</title>
          <author initials='D.' surname='Harkins' fullname='D. Harkins' role='editor'><organization /></author> initials="P." surname="McManus" fullname="P. McManus">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <date year='2019' month='February' />
<abstract><t>This memo year="2018" month="September"/>
          <abstract>
            <t indent="0">This document defines several new ciphersuites a mechanism for running the Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol to support certificateless, secure authentication using only WebSocket Protocol (RFC 6455) over a simple, low-entropy password.  The exchange is called &quot;TLS-PWD&quot;.  The ciphersuites are all based on single stream of an authentication and key exchange protocol, named &quot;dragonfly&quot;, that is resistant to offline dictionary attacks.</t></abstract> HTTP/2 connection.</t>
          </abstract>
        </front>
        <seriesInfo name='RFC' value='8492'/> name="RFC" value="8441"/>
        <seriesInfo name='DOI' value='10.17487/RFC8492'/> name="DOI" value="10.17487/RFC8441"/>
      </reference>
      <reference  anchor="RFC8378" target='https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8378'> anchor="RFC8446" target="https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8446" quoteTitle="true" derivedAnchor="RFC8446">
        <front>
<title>Signal-Free Locator/ID Separation
          <title>The Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol (LISP) Multicast</title> Version 1.3</title>
          <author initials='V.' surname='Moreno' fullname='V. Moreno'><organization /></author>
<author initials='D.' surname='Farinacci' fullname='D. Farinacci'><organization /></author> initials="E." surname="Rescorla" fullname="E. Rescorla">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <date year='2018' month='May' />
<abstract><t>When multicast sources and receivers are active at Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP) sites, year="2018" month="August"/>
          <abstract>
            <t indent="0">This document specifies version 1.3 of the core network is required to use native multicast so packets can be delivered from sources to group members.  When multicast is not available Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol.  TLS allows client/server applications to connect communicate over the multicast sites together, Internet in a signal-free mechanism can be used to allow traffic way that is designed to flow between sites.  The mechanism described in this prevent eavesdropping, tampering, and message forgery.</t>
            <t indent="0">This document uses unicast replication updates RFCs 5705 and encapsulation over the core network for the data plane 6066, and uses the LISP mapping database system so encapsulators at the source LISP multicast site can find decapsulators at the receiver LISP multicast sites.</t></abstract> obsoletes RFCs 5077, 5246, and 6961.  This document also specifies new requirements for TLS 1.2 implementations.</t>
          </abstract>
        </front>
        <seriesInfo name='RFC' value='8378'/> name="RFC" value="8446"/>
        <seriesInfo name='DOI' value='10.17487/RFC8378'/> name="DOI" value="10.17487/RFC8446"/>
      </reference>
      <reference  anchor="RFC8361" target='https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8361'> anchor="RFC8453" target="https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8453" quoteTitle="true" derivedAnchor="RFC8453">
        <front>
<title>Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL): Centralized Replication
          <title>Framework for Active-Active Broadcast, Unknown Unicast, Abstraction and Multicast (BUM) Traffic</title> Control of TE Networks (ACTN)</title>
          <author initials="D." surname="Ceccarelli" fullname="D. Ceccarelli" role="editor">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <author initials='W.' surname='Hao' fullname='W. Hao'><organization /></author>
<author initials='Y.' surname='Li' fullname='Y. Li'><organization /></author>
<author initials='M.' surname='Durrani' fullname='M. Durrani'><organization /></author>
<author initials='S.' surname='Gupta' fullname='S. Gupta'><organization /></author>
<author initials='A.' surname='Qu' fullname='A. Qu'><organization /></author> initials="Y." surname="Lee" fullname="Y. Lee" role="editor">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <date year='2018' month='April' />
<abstract><t>In Transparent Interconnection year="2018" month="August"/>
          <abstract>
            <t indent="0">Traffic Engineered (TE) networks have a variety of Lots mechanisms to facilitate the separation of Links (TRILL) active-active access, a Reverse Path Forwarding (RPF) check failure issue may occur when using the pseudo-nickname mechanism specified in RFC 7781.  This document describes data plane and control plane.  They also have a solution range of management and provisioning protocols to resolve this RPF check failure issue through centralized replication.  All ingress Routing Bridges (RBridges) send Broadcast, Unknown Unicast, configure and Multicast (BUM) traffic activate network resources.  These mechanisms represent key technologies for enabling flexible and dynamic networking.  The term "Traffic Engineered network" refers to a centralized node with unicast TRILL encapsulation.  When network that uses any connection-oriented technology under the control of a distributed or centralized node receives control plane to support dynamic provisioning of end-to- end connectivity.</t>
            <t indent="0">Abstraction of network resources is a technique that can be applied to a single network domain or across multiple domains to create a single virtualized network that is under the BUM traffic, it decapsulates control of a network operator or the customer of the operator that actually owns the packets network resources.</t>
            <t indent="0">This document provides a framework for Abstraction and forwards them Control of TE Networks (ACTN) to their destination RBridges using a distribution tree established per the TRILL base protocol (RFC 6325). To avoid RPF check failure on an RBridge sitting between the ingress RBridge support virtual network services and connectivity services.</t>
          </abstract>
        </front>
        <seriesInfo name="RFC" value="8453"/>
        <seriesInfo name="DOI" value="10.17487/RFC8453"/>
      </reference>
      <reference anchor="RFC8455" target="https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8455" quoteTitle="true" derivedAnchor="RFC8455">
        <front>
          <title>Terminology for Benchmarking Software-Defined Networking (SDN) Controller Performance</title>
          <author initials="V." surname="Bhuvaneswaran" fullname="V. Bhuvaneswaran">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <author initials="A." surname="Basil" fullname="A. Basil">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <author initials="M." surname="Tassinari" fullname="M. Tassinari">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <author initials="V." surname="Manral" fullname="V. Manral">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <author initials="S." surname="Banks" fullname="S. Banks">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <date year="2018" month="October"/>
          <abstract>
            <t indent="0">This document defines terminology for benchmarking a Software-Defined Networking (SDN) controller's control-plane performance.  It extends the centralized replication node, some change terminology already defined in RFC 7426 for the RPF calculation algorithm is required.  RPF checks on each RBridge MUST be calculated as if the centralized node was the ingress RBridge, instead purpose of being calculated using the actual ingress RBridge.  This benchmarking SDN Controllers.  The terms provided in this document updates RFC 6325.</t></abstract> help to benchmark an SDN Controller's performance independently of the controller's supported protocols and/or network services.</t>
          </abstract>
        </front>
        <seriesInfo name='RFC' value='8361'/> name="RFC" value="8455"/>
        <seriesInfo name='DOI' value='10.17487/RFC8361'/> name="DOI" value="10.17487/RFC8455"/>
      </reference>
      <reference  anchor="RFC8472" target='https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8472'> anchor="RFC8456" target="https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8456" quoteTitle="true" derivedAnchor="RFC8456">
        <front>
<title>Transport Layer Security (TLS) Extension
          <title>Benchmarking Methodology for Token Binding Protocol Negotiation</title> Software-Defined Networking (SDN) Controller Performance</title>
          <author initials="V." surname="Bhuvaneswaran" fullname="V. Bhuvaneswaran">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <author initials="A." surname="Basil" fullname="A. Basil">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <author initials="M." surname="Tassinari" fullname="M. Tassinari">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <author initials="V." surname="Manral" fullname="V. Manral">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <author initials='A.' surname='Popov' fullname='A. Popov' role='editor'><organization /></author>
<author initials='M.' surname='Nystroem' fullname='M. Nystroem'><organization /></author>
<author initials='D.' surname='Balfanz' fullname='D. Balfanz'><organization /></author> initials="S." surname="Banks" fullname="S. Banks">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <date year='2018' month='October' />
<abstract><t>This year="2018" month="October"/>
          <abstract>
            <t indent="0">This document specifies a Transport Layer Security (TLS) extension defines methodologies for benchmarking the negotiation control-plane performance of Token Binding protocol version and key parameters.  Negotiation Software-Defined Networking (SDN) Controllers.  The SDN Controller is a core component in the SDN architecture that controls the behavior of Token Binding the network.  SDN Controllers have been implemented with many varying designs in TLS 1.3 and later versions is beyond order to achieve their intended network functionality.  Hence, the scope authors of this document.</t></abstract>
</front>
<seriesInfo name='RFC' value='8472'/>
<seriesInfo name='DOI' value='10.17487/RFC8472'/>
</reference>

<reference  anchor="RFC8471" target='https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8471'>
<front>
<title>The Token Binding Protocol Version 1.0</title>
<author initials='A.' surname='Popov' fullname='A. Popov' role='editor'><organization /></author>
<author initials='M.' surname='Nystroem' fullname='M. Nystroem'><organization /></author>
<author initials='D.' surname='Balfanz' fullname='D. Balfanz'><organization /></author>
<author initials='J.' surname='Hodges' fullname='J. Hodges'><organization /></author>
<date year='2018' month='October' />
<abstract><t>This document specifies version 1.0 of have taken the Token Binding protocol. The Token Binding protocol allows client/server applications to create long-lived, uniquely identifiable TLS bindings spanning multiple TLS sessions and connections.  Applications are then enabled to cryptographically bind security tokens approach of considering an SDN Controller to be a black box, defining the TLS layer, preventing token export and replay attacks.  To protect privacy, the Token Binding identifiers are only conveyed over TLS methodology in a manner that is agnostic to protocols and can be reset network services supported by controllers.  This document provides a method for measuring the user at any time.</t></abstract> performance of all controller implementations.</t>
          </abstract>
        </front>
        <seriesInfo name='RFC' value='8471'/> name="RFC" value="8456"/>
        <seriesInfo name='DOI' value='10.17487/RFC8471'/> name="DOI" value="10.17487/RFC8456"/>
      </reference>
      <reference anchor="RFC8466" target='https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8466'> target="https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8466" quoteTitle="true" derivedAnchor="RFC8466">
        <front>
          <title>A YANG Data Model for Layer 2 Virtual Private Network (L2VPN) Service Delivery</title>
          <author initials='B.' surname='Wen' fullname='B. Wen'><organization /></author>
<author initials='G.' surname='Fioccola' fullname='G. Fioccola' role='editor'><organization /></author>
<author initials='C.' surname='Xie' fullname='C. Xie'><organization /></author>
<author initials='L.' surname='Jalil' fullname='L. Jalil'><organization /></author> initials="B." surname="Wen" fullname="B. Wen">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <author initials="G." surname="Fioccola" fullname="G. Fioccola" role="editor">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <author initials="C." surname="Xie" fullname="C. Xie">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <author initials="L." surname="Jalil" fullname="L. Jalil">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <date year='2018' month='October' />
<abstract><t>This year="2018" month="October"/>
          <abstract>
            <t indent="0">This document defines a YANG data model that can be used to configure a Layer 2 provider-provisioned VPN service.  It is up to a management system to take this as an input and generate specific configuration models to configure the different network elements to deliver the service.  How this configuration of network elements is done is out of scope for this document.</t><t>The document.</t>
            <t indent="0">The YANG data model defined in this document includes support for point-to-point Virtual Private Wire Services (VPWSs) and multipoint Virtual Private LAN Services (VPLSs) that use Pseudowires signaled using the Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) and the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) as described in RFCs 4761 and 6624.</t><t>The 6624.</t>
            <t indent="0">The YANG data model defined in this document conforms to the Network Management Datastore Architecture defined in RFC 8342.</t></abstract>
</front>
<seriesInfo name='RFC' value='8466'/>
<seriesInfo name='DOI' value='10.17487/RFC8466'/>
</reference>

<reference  anchor="RFC8362" target='https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8362'>
<front>
<title>OSPFv3 Link State Advertisement (LSA) Extensibility</title>
<author initials='A.' surname='Lindem' fullname='A. Lindem'><organization /></author>
<author initials='A.' surname='Roy' fullname='A. Roy'><organization /></author>
<author initials='D.' surname='Goethals' fullname='D. Goethals'><organization /></author>
<author initials='V.' surname='Reddy Vallem' fullname='V. Reddy Vallem'><organization /></author>
<author initials='F.' surname='Baker' fullname='F. Baker'><organization /></author>
<date year='2018' month='April' />
<abstract><t>OSPFv3 requires functional extension beyond what can readily be done with the fixed-format Link State Advertisement (LSA) as described in RFC 5340.  Without LSA extension, attributes associated with OSPFv3 links and advertised IPv6 prefixes must be advertised in separate LSAs and correlated to the fixed-format LSAs.  This document extends the LSA format by encoding the existing OSPFv3 LSA information in Type-Length-Value (TLV) tuples and allowing advertisement of additional information with additional TLVs.  Backward-compatibility mechanisms are also described.</t><t>This document updates RFC 5340, &quot;OSPF for IPv6&quot;, and RFC 5838, &quot;Support of Address Families in OSPFv3&quot;, by providing TLV-based encodings for the base OSPFv3 unicast support and OSPFv3 address family support.</t></abstract> this document conforms to the Network Management Datastore Architecture defined in RFC 8342.</t>
          </abstract>
        </front>
        <seriesInfo name='RFC' value='8362'/> name="RFC" value="8466"/>
        <seriesInfo name='DOI' value='10.17487/RFC8362'/> name="DOI" value="10.17487/RFC8466"/>
      </reference>
      <reference anchor="RFC8468" target='https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8468'> target="https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8468" quoteTitle="true" derivedAnchor="RFC8468">
        <front>
          <title>IPv4, IPv6, and IPv4-IPv6 Coexistence: Updates for the IP Performance Metrics (IPPM) Framework</title>
          <author initials='A.' surname='Morton' fullname='A. Morton'><organization /></author>
<author initials='J.' surname='Fabini' fullname='J. Fabini'><organization /></author>
<author initials='N.' surname='Elkins' fullname='N. Elkins'><organization /></author>
<author initials='M.' surname='Ackermann' fullname='M. Ackermann'><organization /></author>
<author initials='V.' surname='Hegde' fullname='V. Hegde'><organization /></author> initials="A." surname="Morton" fullname="A. Morton">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <author initials="J." surname="Fabini" fullname="J. Fabini">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <author initials="N." surname="Elkins" fullname="N. Elkins">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <author initials="M." surname="Ackermann" fullname="M. Ackermann">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <author initials="V." surname="Hegde" fullname="V. Hegde">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <date year='2018' month='November' />
<abstract><t>This year="2018" month="November"/>
          <abstract>
            <t indent="0">This memo updates the IP Performance Metrics (IPPM) framework defined by RFC 2330 with new considerations for measurement methodology and testing.  It updates the definition of standard-formed packets to include IPv6 packets, deprecates the definition of minimal IP packet, and augments distinguishing aspects, referred to as Type-P, for test packets in RFC 2330.  This memo identifies that IPv4-IPv6 coexistence can challenge measurements within the scope of the IPPM framework. Example use cases include, but are not limited to, IPv4-IPv6 translation, NAT, and protocol encapsulation.  IPv6 header compression and use of IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Area Networks (6LoWPAN) are considered and excluded from the standard-formed packet evaluation.</t></abstract> evaluation.</t>
          </abstract>
        </front>
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        <seriesInfo name='DOI' value='10.17487/RFC8468'/> name="DOI" value="10.17487/RFC8468"/>
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        <front>
          <title>The BagIt File Packaging Format (V1.0)</title> Token Binding Protocol Version 1.0</title>
          <author initials="A." surname="Popov" fullname="A. Popov" role="editor">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <author initials="M." surname="Nystroem" fullname="M. Nystroem">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <author initials='J.' surname='Kunze' fullname='J. Kunze'><organization /></author>
<author initials='J.' surname='Littman' fullname='J. Littman'><organization /></author>
<author initials='E.' surname='Madden' fullname='E. Madden'><organization /></author>
<author initials='J.' surname='Scancella' fullname='J. Scancella'><organization /></author>
<author initials='C.' surname='Adams' fullname='C. Adams'><organization /></author> initials="D." surname="Balfanz" fullname="D. Balfanz">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <author initials="J." surname="Hodges" fullname="J. Hodges">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <date year='2018' month='October' />
<abstract><t>This year="2018" month="October"/>
          <abstract>
            <t indent="0">This document describes BagIt, a set specifies version 1.0 of hierarchical file layout conventions the Token Binding protocol. The Token Binding protocol allows client/server applications to create long-lived, uniquely identifiable TLS bindings spanning multiple TLS sessions and connections.  Applications are then enabled to cryptographically bind security tokens to the TLS layer, preventing token export and replay attacks.  To protect privacy, the Token Binding identifiers are only conveyed over TLS and can be reset by the user at any time.</t>
          </abstract>
        </front>
        <seriesInfo name="RFC" value="8471"/>
        <seriesInfo name="DOI" value="10.17487/RFC8471"/>
      </reference>
      <reference anchor="RFC8472" target="https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8472" quoteTitle="true" derivedAnchor="RFC8472">
        <front>
          <title>Transport Layer Security (TLS) Extension for storage Token Binding Protocol Negotiation</title>
          <author initials="A." surname="Popov" fullname="A. Popov" role="editor">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <author initials="M." surname="Nystroem" fullname="M. Nystroem">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <author initials="D." surname="Balfanz" fullname="D. Balfanz">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <date year="2018" month="October"/>
          <abstract>
            <t indent="0">This document specifies a Transport Layer Security (TLS) extension for the negotiation of Token Binding protocol version and transfer key parameters.  Negotiation of arbitrary digital content.  A &quot;bag&quot; has just enough structure to enclose descriptive metadata &quot;tags&quot; Token Binding in TLS 1.3 and later versions is beyond the scope of this document.</t>
          </abstract>
        </front>
        <seriesInfo name="RFC" value="8472"/>
        <seriesInfo name="DOI" value="10.17487/RFC8472"/>
      </reference>
      <reference anchor="RFC8479" target="https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8479" quoteTitle="true" derivedAnchor="RFC8479">
        <front>
          <title>Storing Validation Parameters in PKCS#8</title>
          <author initials="N." surname="Mavrogiannopoulos" fullname="N. Mavrogiannopoulos">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <date year="2018" month="September"/>
          <abstract>
            <t indent="0">This memo describes a method of storing parameters needed for private-key validation in the Private-Key Information Syntax Specification as defined in PKCS#8 format (RFC 5208).  It is equally applicable to the alternative implementation of the Private-Key Information Syntax Specification as defined in RFC 5958.</t>
            <t indent="0">The approach described in this document encodes the parameters under a file &quot;payload&quot; but private enterprise extension and does not require knowledge form part of the payload's internal semantics.  This BagIt format is suitable for reliable storage and transfer.</t></abstract> a formal standard.</t>
          </abstract>
        </front>
        <seriesInfo name='RFC' value='8493'/> name="RFC" value="8479"/>
        <seriesInfo name='DOI' value='10.17487/RFC8493'/> name="DOI" value="10.17487/RFC8479"/>
      </reference>
      <reference anchor="RFC8483" target='https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8483'> target="https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8483" quoteTitle="true" derivedAnchor="RFC8483">
        <front>
          <title>Yeti DNS Testbed</title>
          <author initials='L.' surname='Song' fullname='L. Song' role='editor'><organization /></author>
<author initials='D.' surname='Liu' fullname='D. Liu'><organization /></author>
<author initials='P.' surname='Vixie' fullname='P. Vixie'><organization /></author>
<author initials='A.' surname='Kato' fullname='A. Kato'><organization /></author>
<author initials='S.' surname='Kerr' fullname='S. Kerr'><organization /></author> initials="L." surname="Song" fullname="L. Song" role="editor">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <author initials="D." surname="Liu" fullname="D. Liu">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <author initials="P." surname="Vixie" fullname="P. Vixie">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <author initials="A." surname="Kato" fullname="A. Kato">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <author initials="S." surname="Kerr" fullname="S. Kerr">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <date year='2018' month='October' />
<abstract><t>Yeti year="2018" month="October"/>
          <abstract>
            <t indent="0">Yeti DNS is an experimental, non-production root server testbed that provides an environment where technical and operational experiments can safely be performed without risk to production root server infrastructure.  This document aims solely to document the technical and operational experience of deploying a system that is similar to but different from the Root Server system (on which the Internet's Domain Name System is designed and built).</t></abstract> built).</t>
          </abstract>
        </front>
        <seriesInfo name='RFC' value='8483'/> name="RFC" value="8483"/>
        <seriesInfo name='DOI' value='10.17487/RFC8483'/> name="DOI" value="10.17487/RFC8483"/>
      </reference>
      <reference  anchor="RFC5326" target='https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5326'> anchor="RFC8492" target="https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8492" quoteTitle="true" derivedAnchor="RFC8492">
        <front>
<title>Licklider Transmission Protocol - Specification</title>
          <title>Secure Password Ciphersuites for Transport Layer Security (TLS)</title>
          <author initials="D." surname="Harkins" fullname="D. Harkins" role="editor">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <date year="2019" month="February"/>
          <abstract>
            <t indent="0">This memo defines several new ciphersuites for the Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol to support certificateless, secure authentication using only a simple, low-entropy password.  The exchange is called "TLS-PWD".  The ciphersuites are all based on an authentication and key exchange protocol, named "dragonfly", that is resistant to offline dictionary attacks.</t>
          </abstract>
        </front>
        <seriesInfo name="RFC" value="8492"/>
        <seriesInfo name="DOI" value="10.17487/RFC8492"/>
      </reference>
      <reference anchor="RFC8493" target="https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8493" quoteTitle="true" derivedAnchor="RFC8493">
        <front>
          <title>The BagIt File Packaging Format (V1.0)</title>
          <author initials="J." surname="Kunze" fullname="J. Kunze">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <author initials="J." surname="Littman" fullname="J. Littman">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <author initials="E." surname="Madden" fullname="E. Madden">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <author initials="J." surname="Scancella" fullname="J. Scancella">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <author initials='M.' surname='Ramadas' fullname='M. Ramadas'><organization /></author>
<author initials='S.' surname='Burleigh' fullname='S. Burleigh'><organization /></author>
<author initials='S.' surname='Farrell' fullname='S. Farrell'><organization /></author> initials="C." surname="Adams" fullname="C. Adams">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <date year='2008' month='September' />
<abstract><t>This year="2018" month="October"/>
          <abstract>
            <t indent="0">This document describes BagIt, a set of hierarchical file layout conventions for storage and transfer of arbitrary digital content.  A "bag" has just enough structure to enclose descriptive metadata "tags" and a file "payload" but does not require knowledge of the Licklider Transmission payload's internal semantics.  This BagIt format is suitable for reliable storage and transfer.</t>
          </abstract>
        </front>
        <seriesInfo name="RFC" value="8493"/>
        <seriesInfo name="DOI" value="10.17487/RFC8493"/>
      </reference>
      <reference anchor="RFC8498" target="https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8498" quoteTitle="true" derivedAnchor="RFC8498">
        <front>
          <title>A P-Served-User Header Field Parameter for an Originating Call Diversion (CDIV) Session Case in the Session Initiation Protocol (LTP), designed to provide retransmission-based reliability over links characterized by extremely long message round-trip times (RTTs) and/or frequent interruptions (SIP)</title>
          <author initials="M." surname="Mohali" fullname="M. Mohali">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true"/>
          </author>
          <date year="2019" month="February"/>
          <abstract>
            <t indent="0">The P-Served-User header field was defined based on a requirement from the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem) in connectivity.  Since order to convey the identity of the served user, his/ her registration state, and the session case that applies to that particular communication across interplanetary space session and application invocation.  A session case is metadata that captures the most prominent example status of this sort the session of environment, LTP a served user regardless of whether or not the served user is principally aimed at supporting &quot;long-haul&quot; reliable transmission in interplanetary space, but it has applications in other environments as well.</t><t>This registered or the session originates or terminates with the served user.  This document is updates RFC 5502 by defining a product of new P-Served-User header field parameter, "orig-cdiv".  The parameter conveys the Delay Tolerant Networking Research Group and has been reviewed session case used by that group.  No objections to its publication as a proxy when handling an RFC were raised. originating session after Call Diversion (CDIV) services have been invoked for the served user.  This memo defines an Experimental  Protocol document also fixes the ABNF in RFC 5502 and provides more guidance for using the Internet community.</t></abstract> P-Served-User header field in IP networks.</t>
          </abstract>
        </front>
        <seriesInfo name='RFC' value='5326'/> name="RFC" value="8498"/>
        <seriesInfo name='DOI' value='10.17487/RFC5326'/> name="DOI" value="10.17487/RFC8498"/>
      </reference>
      <reference  anchor="RFC2267" target='https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2267'> anchor="RFCYEAR" target="https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfcs-per-year/" quoteTitle="true" derivedAnchor="RFCYEAR">
        <front>
<title>Network Ingress Filtering: Defeating Denial
          <title>Number of Service Attacks which employ IP Source Address Spoofing</title> RFC Published per YEAR</title>
          <author>
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true">RFC Editor</organization>
          </author>
        </front>
      </reference>
      <reference anchor="SSCH" target="https://www.semanticscholar.org/" quoteTitle="true" derivedAnchor="SSCH">
        <front>
          <title>Semantic Scholar | AI-Powered Research Tool</title>
          <author>
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true">Allen Institute for AI</organization>
          </author>
        </front>
      </reference>
      <reference anchor="I-D.ietf-rtgwg-segment-routing-ti-lfa" quoteTitle="true" target="https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-rtgwg-segment-routing-ti-lfa-05" derivedAnchor="TI-LFA">
        <front>
          <title>Topology Independent Fast Reroute using Segment Routing</title>
          <author fullname="Stephane Litkowski">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true">Cisco Systems</organization>
          </author>
          <author fullname="Ahmed Bashandy">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true">Individual</organization>
          </author>
          <author fullname="Clarence Filsfils">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true">Cisco Systems</organization>
          </author>
          <author fullname="Bruno Decraene">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true">Orange</organization>
          </author>
          <author initials='P.' surname='Ferguson' fullname='P. Ferguson'><organization /></author>
<author initials='D.' surname='Senie' fullname='D. Senie'><organization /></author> fullname="Daniel Voyer">
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true">Bell Canada</organization>
          </author>
          <date year='1998' month='January' />
<abstract><t>This paper discusses a simple, effective, month="November" day="15" year="2020"/>
          <abstract>
            <t indent="0">   This document presents Topology Independent Loop-free Alternate Fast
   Re-route (TI-LFA), aimed at providing protection of node and straightforward method for using ingress traffic filtering to prohibit DoS attacks which use forged IP addresses
   adjacency segments within the Segment Routing (SR) framework.  This
   Fast Re-route (FRR) behavior builds on proven IP-FRR concepts being
   LFAs, remote LFAs (RLFA), and remote LFAs with directed forwarding
   (DLFA).  It extends these concepts to be propagated provide guaranteed coverage in
   any IGP network.  A key aspect of TI-LFA is the FRR path selection
   approach establishing protection over the expected post-convergence
   paths from 'behind' an Internet Service Provider's (ISP) aggregation point.  This memo provides information for the Internet community.  It does not specify an Internet standard point of any kind.</t></abstract> local repair, dramatically reducing the
   operational need to control the tie-breaks among various FRR options.

            </t>
          </abstract>
        </front>
        <seriesInfo name='RFC' value='2267'/>
<seriesInfo name='DOI' value='10.17487/RFC2267'/> name="Internet-Draft" value="draft-ietf-rtgwg-segment-routing-ti-lfa-05"/>
        <format type="TXT" target="https://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-rtgwg-segment-routing-ti-lfa-05.txt"/>
        <refcontent>Work in Progress</refcontent>
      </reference>
      <reference  anchor="RFC2827" target='https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2827'> anchor="TLS13IMP" target="https://github.com/tlswg/tlswg-wiki/blob/master/IMPLEMENTATIONS.md" quoteTitle="true" derivedAnchor="TLS13IMP">
        <front>
<title>Network Ingress Filtering: Defeating Denial of Service Attacks which employ IP Source Address Spoofing</title>
<author initials='P.' surname='Ferguson' fullname='P. Ferguson'><organization /></author>
<author initials='D.' surname='Senie' fullname='D. Senie'><organization /></author>
          <title>TLS 1.3 Implementations</title>
          <author>
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true">TLS WG</organization>
          </author>
          <date year='2000' month='May' />
<abstract><t>This paper discusses a simple, effective, and straightforward method for using ingress traffic filtering to prohibit DoS (Denial of Service) attacks which use forged IP addresses to be propagated from 'behind' an Internet Service Provider's (ISP) aggregation point.  This document specifies an Internet Best Current Practices for the Internet Community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements.</t></abstract> day="14" month="October" year="2019"/>
        </front>
        <seriesInfo name='BCP' value='38'/>
<seriesInfo name='RFC' value='2827'/>
<seriesInfo name='DOI' value='10.17487/RFC2827'/> name="commit" value="dcb7890"/>
      </reference>
      <reference  anchor="RFC2330" target='https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2330'> anchor="TRKR" target="https://datatracker.ietf.org/" quoteTitle="true" derivedAnchor="TRKR">
        <front>
<title>Framework
          <title>IETF Datatracker</title>
          <author>
            <organization showOnFrontPage="true">IETF</organization>
          </author>
        </front>
      </reference>
    </references>
    <section anchor="acknowledgements" numbered="false" toc="include" removeInRFC="false" pn="section-appendix.a">
      <name slugifiedName="name-acknowledgements">Acknowledgements</name>
      <t indent="0" pn="section-appendix.a-1">Many thanks to the authors of the selected RFCs who were willing to
provide feedback on the process:
<contact fullname="Michael Ackermann"/>,
<contact fullname="Zafar Ali"/>,
<contact fullname="Sarah Banks"/>,
<contact fullname="Bruno Decraene"/>,
<contact fullname="Lars Eggert"/>,
<contact fullname="Nalini Elkins"/>,
<contact fullname="Joachim Fabini"/>,
<contact fullname="Dino Farinacci"/>,
<contact fullname="Clarence Filsfils"/>,
<contact fullname="Sujay Gupta"/>,
<contact fullname="Dan Harkins"/>,
<contact fullname="Vinayak Hegde"/>,
<contact fullname="Benjamin Kaduk"/>,
<contact fullname="John Klensin"/>,
<contact fullname="Acee Lindem"/>,
<contact fullname="Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos"/>,
<contact fullname="Patrick McManus"/>,
<contact fullname="Victor Moreno"/>,
<contact fullname="Al Morton"/>,
<contact fullname="Andrei Popov"/>,
<contact fullname="Eric Rescorla"/>,
<contact fullname="Michiko Short"/>,
<contact fullname="Bhuvaneswaran Vengainathan"/>,
<contact fullname="Lao Weiguo"/>, and
<contact fullname="Li Yizhou"/>.
Many thanks to <contact fullname="Adrian Farrel"/> for IP Performance Metrics</title>
<author initials='V.' surname='Paxson' fullname='V. Paxson'><organization /></author>
<author initials='G.' surname='Almes' fullname='G. Almes'><organization /></author>
<author initials='J.' surname='Mahdavi' fullname='J. Mahdavi'><organization /></author>
<author initials='M.' surname='Mathis' fullname='M. Mathis'><organization /></author>
<date year='1998' month='May' />
<abstract><t>The purpose his useful advice, to <contact fullname="Stephen Farrell"/> and <contact fullname="Colin Perkins"/> for their guidance on the use of this memo is citations, and to define a general framework <contact fullname="Dave Crocker"/> for particular metrics a comprehensive
review. Thanks also to be developed by <contact fullname="Alice Russo"/> and the IETF's IP Performance Metrics effort. This memo provides information RFC Editor team for their work improving this document and checking the Internet community.  It does not specify an Internet standard accuracy of any kind.</t></abstract>
</front>
<seriesInfo name='RFC' value='2330'/>
<seriesInfo name='DOI' value='10.17487/RFC2330'/>
</reference>

    </references> the data.</t>
    </section>
    <section anchor="authors-addresses" numbered="false" removeInRFC="false" toc="include" pn="section-appendix.b">
      <name slugifiedName="name-authors-address">Author's Address</name>
      <author initials="C." surname="Huitema" fullname="Christian Huitema">
        <organization showOnFrontPage="true">Private Octopus Inc.</organization>
        <address>
          <postal>
            <street>427 Golfcourse Rd</street>
            <city>Friday Harbor</city>
            <region>WA</region>
            <code>98250</code>
            <country>United States of America</country>
          </postal>
          <email>huitema@huitema.net</email>
        </address>
      </author>
    </section>
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