<?xml version="1.0"encoding="US-ASCII"?> <!-- edited with XMLSPY v5 rel. 3 U (http://www.xmlspy.com) by Daniel M Kohn (private) -->encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE rfc SYSTEM"rfc2629.dtd" [ <!ENTITY rfc2119 PUBLIC "" "http://xml.resource.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.2119.xml"> ]> <?rfc toc="yes"?> <?rfc tocompact="yes"?> <?rfc tocdepth="3"?> <?rfc tocindent="yes"?> <?rfc symrefs="yes"?> <?rfc sortrefs="yes"?> <?rfc comments="yes"?> <?rfc inline="yes"?> <?rfc compact="yes"?> <?rfc subcompact="no"?>"rfc2629-xhtml.ent"> <rfccategory="std"xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" docName="draft-ietf-lsr-ospf-prefix-originator-12"ipr="trust200902">number="9084" ipr="trust200902" obsoletes="" updates="" submissionType="IETF" category="std" consensus="true" xml:lang="en" tocInclude="true" tocDepth="3" symRefs="true" sortRefs="true" version="3"> <front> <title abbrev="OSPF Prefix Originator Extensions">OSPF Prefix Originator Extensions</title> <seriesInfo name="RFC" value="9084"/> <author fullname="Aijun Wang" initials="A" surname="Wang"> <organization>China Telecom</organization> <address> <postal><street>Beiqijia Town, Changping<extaddr>Beiqijia Town</extaddr> <street>Changping District</street> <city>Beijing</city> <region/> <code>102209</code> <country>China</country> </postal> <email>wangaj3@chinatelecom.cn</email> </address> </author> <author fullname="Acee Lindem" initials="A" surname="Lindem"> <organization>CiscoSystems</organization>Systems, Inc.</organization> <address> <postal> <street>301 Midenhall Way</street> <city>Cary</city> <region>NC</region> <code>27513</code><country>USA</country><country>United States of America</country> </postal> <email>acee@cisco.com</email> </address> </author> <author fullname="Jie Dong"initials="J"initials="J." surname="Dong"> <organization>Huawei Technologies</organization> <address> <postal><street/><street>Huawei Campus, No. 156 Beiqing Rd.</street> <city>Beijing</city> <region/><code/><code>100095</code> <country>China</country> </postal> <email>jie.dong@huawei.com</email> </address> </author> <author fullname="Peter Psenak" initials="P" surname="Psenak"> <organization>CiscoSystems</organization>Systems, Inc.</organization> <address> <postal> <street>Pribinova Street 10</street> <city>Bratislava</city><region>Eurovea<extaddr>Eurovea Centre, Central3</region>3</extaddr> <code>81109</code> <country>Slovakia</country> </postal> <phone/><facsimile/><email>ppsenak@cisco.com</email> <uri/> </address> </author> <author fullname="Ketan Talaulikar" initials="K" role="editor" surname="Talaulikar"> <organization>CiscoSystems</organization>Systems, Inc.</organization> <address> <postal> <street/> <city/> <region/> <code/> <country>India</country> </postal> <email>ketant@cisco.com</email> </address> </author> <dateyear=""/> <area>RTG Area</area> <workgroup>LSR Working Group</workgroup>year="2021" month="August" /> <area>RTG</area> <workgroup>LSR</workgroup> <keyword>OSPF</keyword> <abstract> <t>This document defines OSPF extensions to include information associated with the node originating a prefix along with the prefix advertisement. These extensions do not change the core OSPF route computation functionality but provide useful information for network analysis, troubleshooting, anduse-casesuse cases like traffic engineering.</t> </abstract> </front> <middle> <section anchor="intro"title="Introduction">numbered="true" toc="default"> <name>Introduction</name> <t>Prefix attributes are advertised in OSPFv2 <xreftarget="RFC2328"/>target="RFC2328" format="default"/> using the Extended Prefix Opaque Link State Advertisement (LSA) <xreftarget="RFC7684"/>target="RFC7684" format="default"/> and in OSPFv3 <xreftarget="RFC5340"/>target="RFC5340" format="default"/> using the various Extended Prefix LSA types <xreftarget="RFC8362"/>.</t>target="RFC8362" format="default"/>.</t> <t>The procedures for identification of the originating router for a prefix in OSPF vary by the type of the prefix and, currently, it is not always possible to produce an accurate result. For intra-area prefixes, the originating router is identified by the Advertising Router field of the area-scoped LSA used for those prefix advertisements. However, fortheinter-area prefixes advertised bythean Area Border Router (ABR), the Advertising Router field of their area-scoped LSAs is set to the ABR itself and the information about the router originating the prefix advertisement is lost inthisthe process of prefix propagation across areas. For Autonomous System (AS) external prefixes, the originating router may be considered as the Autonomous System Border Router (ASBR) and is identified by the Advertising Router field of the AS-scoped LSA used. However, the actual originating router for the prefix may be a remote router outside the OSPF domain. Similarly, when an ABR performs translation of Not-So-Stubby Area (NSSA) <xreftarget="RFC3101"/>target="RFC3101" format="default"/> LSAs to AS-external LSAs, the information associated with the NSSA ASBR (or the router outside the OSPF domain) is notconveyedpropagated across the OSPF domain.</t> <t>While typically the originator of information in OSPF is identified by its OSPF Router ID, it does not necessarily represent a reachable address for the router since the OSPF Router ID is a 32-bitnumber. There existsnumber that is unique in the OSPF domain. For OSPFv2, aprevalentcommon practice is to use one of the IPv4addressaddresses of the node(e.g.(e.g., a loopback interface) asanthe OSPF RouterID in the case of OSPFv2.ID. However, this cannotbealways be assumed and this approach does notextendapply to IPv6 addresses with OSPFv3. The IPv4/IPv6 RouterAddressAddress, as respectively defined in <xreftarget="RFC3630"/>target="RFC3630" format="default"/> and <xreftarget="RFC5329"/>target="RFC5329" format="default"/> for OSPFv2 andOSPFv3 respectively provideOSPFv3, provides an address to reachthatthe advertising router.</t> <t>The primary use case for the extensions proposed in this document is to be able to identify the originator of a prefix in the network. In cases where multiple prefixes are advertised by a given router, it is also useful to be able to associate all these prefixes with a single router even when prefixes are advertised outside of the area in which they originated. It also helps to determine when the same prefix is being originated by multiple routers across areas.</t> <t>This document proposes extensions to the OSPF protocol for the inclusion of information associated with the router originating the prefix along with the prefix advertisement. These extensions do not change the core OSPF route computation functionality. They provide useful information for topology analysis and traffic engineering, especially on a controller when this information is advertised as an attribute of the prefixes via mechanisms such as Border Gateway ProtocolLink-State- Link State (BGP-LS) <xreftarget="RFC7752"/>target="RFC7752" format="default"/> <xreftarget="I-D.ietf-idr-bgp-ls-segment-routing-ext"/>.</t>target="RFC9085" format="default"/>.</t> <section anchor="reqlang"title="Requirements Language">numbered="true" toc="default"> <name>Requirements Language</name> <t>The key words"MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY","<bcp14>MUST</bcp14>", "<bcp14>MUST NOT</bcp14>", "<bcp14>REQUIRED</bcp14>", "<bcp14>SHALL</bcp14>", "<bcp14>SHALL NOT</bcp14>", "<bcp14>SHOULD</bcp14>", "<bcp14>SHOULD NOT</bcp14>", "<bcp14>RECOMMENDED</bcp14>", "<bcp14>NOT RECOMMENDED</bcp14>", "<bcp14>MAY</bcp14>", and"OPTIONAL""<bcp14>OPTIONAL</bcp14>" in this document are to be interpreted as described inBCP 14BCP 14 <xreftarget="RFC2119"/>target="RFC2119" format="default"/> <xreftarget="RFC8174"/>target="RFC8174" format="default"/> when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here.</t> </section> </section> <section anchor="extensions."title="Protocol Extensions">numbered="true" toc="default"> <name>Protocol Extensions</name> <t>This document defines the Prefix Source OSPF Router-ID and the Prefix Source Router Address Sub-TLVs. They are used, respectively, to include the Router ID of, and a reachable address of, the router that originates the prefix as a prefix attribute.</t> <section anchor="SrcRtrTLV"title="Prefixnumbered="true" toc="default"> <name>Prefix Source OSPF Router-IDSub-TLV">Sub-TLV</name> <t>For OSPFv2, the Prefix Source OSPF Router-ID Sub-TLV is an optionalSub-TLVsub-TLV of the OSPFv2 Extended Prefix TLV <xreftarget="RFC7684"/>.target="RFC7684" format="default"/>. For OSPFv3, the Prefix Source OSPF Router-ID Sub-TLV is an optionalSub-TLVsub-TLV of the Intra-Area-Prefix TLV, Inter-Area-Prefix TLV, and External-Prefix TLV <xreftarget="RFC8362"/>target="RFC8362" format="default"/> when originating either an IPv4 <xreftarget="RFC5838"/>target="RFC5838" format="default"/> or an IPv6 prefix advertisement.</t> <t>The Prefix Source OSPF Router-ID Sub-TLV has the following format:</t><figure> <artwork><![CDATA[<figure title="Prefix Source OSPF Router-ID Sub-TLV Format"> <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[ 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Type | Length | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | OSPF Router ID | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+Figure 1: Prefix Source OSPF Router-ID Sub-TLV Format Where:]]></artwork> </figure><t><list style="symbols"> <t>Type: 4<dl newline="true"> <dt>Where: </dt> <dd> <dl> <dt>Type:</dt> <dd>4 for OSPFv2 and 27 forOSPFv3</t> <t>Length: 4</t> <t>OSPF Router ID : theOSPFv3</dd> <dt>Length:</dt> <dd>4</dd> <dt>OSPF Router ID: </dt> <dd>the OSPF Router ID of the OSPF router that originated the prefix advertisement in the OSPFdomain.</t> </list></t>domain </dd> </dl> </dd> </dl> <t>The parent TLV of a prefix advertisementMAY<bcp14>MAY</bcp14> include more than one Prefix Source OSPF Router-IDsub-TLV,Sub-TLV, one corresponding to each of the Equal-CostMulti-PathMultipath (ECMP) nodes that originated thegivenadvertised prefix.</t> <t>For intra-area prefix advertisements, the Prefix Source OSPF Router-ID Sub-TLVMUST<bcp14>MUST</bcp14> be considered invalid and ignored if the OSPF Router ID field is not the same as the Advertising Router field in the containing LSA. Similar validation cannot be reliably performed for inter-area and external prefix advertisements.</t> <t>A received Prefix Source OSPF Router-ID Sub-TLV with the OSPF Router ID field set to 0MUST<bcp14>MUST</bcp14> be considered invalid and ignored. Additionally, reception of suchSub-TLV SHOULDsub-TLVs <bcp14>SHOULD</bcp14> be logged as an error (subject torate-limiting).</t>rate limiting).</t> </section> <section anchor="POTLV"title="Prefixnumbered="true" toc="default"> <name>Prefix Source Router AddressSub-TLV">Sub-TLV</name> <t>For OSPFv2, the Prefix Source Router Address Sub-TLV is an optionalSub-TLVsub-TLV of the OSPFv2 Extended Prefix TLV <xreftarget="RFC7684"/>.target="RFC7684" format="default"/>. For OSPFv3, the Prefix Source Router Address Sub-TLV is an optionalSub-TLVsub-TLV of the Intra-Area-Prefix TLV, Inter-Area-Prefix TLV, and External-Prefix TLV <xreftarget="RFC8362"/>target="RFC8362" format="default"/> when originating either an IPv4 <xreftarget="RFC5838"/>target="RFC5838" format="default"/> or an IPv6 prefix advertisement.</t> <t>The Prefix Source Router Address Sub-TLV has the following format:</t><figure> <artwork><![CDATA[<figure title="Prefix Source Router Address Sub-TLV Format"> <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[ 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Type | Length | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Router Address (4 or 16 octets) | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+Figure 2: Prefix Source Router Address Sub-TLV Format Where:]]></artwork> </figure><t><list style="symbols"> <t>Type: 5 (suggested)<dl newline="true"> <dt>Where: </dt> <dd> <dl> <dt>Type: </dt> <dd>5 for OSPFv2 and 28(suggested)forOSPFv3</t> <t>Length: 4OSPFv3 </dd> <dt>Length: </dt> <dd>4 or16</t> <t>Router16 </dd> <dt>Router Address:A</dt> <dd>A reachable IPv4 or IPv6 router address for the router that originated the IPv4 or IPv6 prefixadvertisementadvertisement, respectively. Such an address would be semantically equivalent to what may be advertised in the OSPFv2 Router Address TLV <xreftarget="RFC3630"/>target="RFC3630" format="default"/> or in the OSPFv3 Router IPv6 Address TLV <xreftarget="RFC5329"/>.</t> </list></t>target="RFC5329" format="default"/>. </dd> </dl> </dd> </dl> <t>The parent TLV of a prefix advertisementMAY<bcp14>MAY</bcp14> include more than one Prefix Source Router Address Sub-TLV, one corresponding to each of the Equal-CostMulti-PathMultipath (ECMP) nodes that originated thegivenadvertised prefix.</t> <t>A received Prefix Source Router Address Sub-TLV that has an invalid length(i.e.(i.e., not consistent with the prefix's address family)MUST<bcp14>MUST</bcp14> be considered invalid and ignored. Additionally, reception of suchSub-TLV SHOULDsub-TLVs <bcp14>SHOULD</bcp14> be logged as an error (subject torate-limiting).</t>rate limiting).</t> </section> </section> <section anchor="procedures"title="Elementsnumbered="true" toc="default"> <name>Elements ofProcedure">Procedure</name> <t>This section describes the procedure for the advertisement of the Prefix Source OSPF Router-ID and Prefix Source Router Address Sub-TLVs along with the prefix advertisement.</t> <t>The OSPF Router ID of the Prefix Source OSPF Router-ID is set to the OSPF Router ID of the node originating the prefix in the OSPF domain.</t> <t>If the originating node is advertising an OSPFv2 Router Address TLV <xreftarget="RFC3630"/>target="RFC3630" format="default"/> or an OSPFv3 Router IPv6 Address TLV <xreftarget="RFC5329"/>,target="RFC5329" format="default"/>, then the same addressMUST<bcp14>MUST</bcp14> be used in the Router Address field of the Prefix Source Router Address Sub-TLV. When the originating node is not advertising such an address, implementations candetermineselect a unique and reachable local address (for example, advertised with theN-flagN-Flag set <xreftarget="RFC7684"/>target="RFC7684" format="default"/> or N-bit set <xreftarget="RFC8362"/>) belonging totarget="RFC8362" format="default"/>) on the originating node tosetadvertise in the Router Address field.</t> <t>When an ABR generates inter-area prefix advertisements into its non-backbone areas corresponding to an inter-area prefix advertisement from the backbone area, the only way to determine the originating node information is based on the Prefix Source OSPF Router-ID and Prefix Source Router Address Sub-TLVs present in the inter-area prefix advertisement originated into the backbone area by an ABR from another non-backbone area. The ABR performs its prefix calculation to determine the set of nodes that contribute to ECMP paths for thebest prefix reachability.prefix. ItMUST<bcp14>MUST</bcp14> only use the prefix originator informationonlyfrom this set of nodes. The ABRMUST NOT<bcp14>MUST NOT</bcp14> include the Prefix Source OSPF Router-ID or the Prefix Source Router Address Sub-TLVs when it is unable to determine the informationoffor thebestoriginatingnodes.</t>nodes contributing ECMP paths.</t> <t>Implementations may support the propagation of the originating node information along with a redistributed prefix into the OSPF domain from another routing domain. The details of such mechanisms are outside the scope of this document. Such implementations may also provide control on whether the Router Address in the Prefix Source Router Address Sub-TLV is set as theABSRASBR node address or as the address of the actual node outside the OSPF domain that owns the prefix.</t> <t>When translatingtheNSSA prefix advertisements <xreftarget="RFC3101"/>target="RFC3101" format="default"/> totheAS external prefix advertisements, the NSSAABR,ABR follows the same procedures as an ABR generating inter-area prefix advertisements for the propagation of the originating node information.</t> </section> <section anchor="security"title="Security Considerations">numbered="true" toc="default"> <name>Security Considerations</name> <t>Since this document extends the OSPFv2 Extended Prefix LSA, the security considerations for <xreftarget="RFC7684"/>target="RFC7684" format="default"/> are applicable. Similarly, since this document extends the OSPFv3 E-Intra-Area-Prefix-LSA, E-Inter-Area-Prefix-LSA,E-AS-External LSA,E-AS-External-LSA, and E-NSSA-LSA, the security considerations for <xreftarget="RFC8362"/>target="RFC8362" format="default"/> are applicable. The new sub-TLVs introduced in this document are optional and do not affect the OSPF route computation and therefore do not affect the security aspects of OSPF protocol operations.</t> <t>A rogue node that can inject prefix advertisements may use thenewextensions introduced in this document toindicate an incorrectadvertise bogus prefix source information.</t> </section> <section anchor="operational"title="Operational Considerations">numbered="true" toc="default"> <name>Operational Considerations</name> <t>Consideration should be given to the operational impact of the increase in the size of the OSPF Link-State Database as a result of the protocol extensions in this document. Based on deployment design and requirements, a subset of prefixes may be identified for whichtheoriginating node informationneedsis required to be includedwith theirin prefix advertisements.</t> <t>The propagation oftheprefix source node informationwhen doingfor prefix advertisements advertised across an OSPF area or domain boundariesresults in the exposure of nodewill expose information outside of an area or domainwithin whichwhere itiswould normally be hidden or abstracted by the base OSPF protocol. Based on deployment design and requirements,a subset of prefixes may be identified for whichthe propagation ofthe originatingnode information across area or domain boundariesis disabled atmay be limited to a subset of prefixes in the ABRs orASBRs respectively.</t>ASBRs, respectively. </t> <t>The identification of the node that is originating a specific prefix in the network may aid in the debugging of issues related to prefix reachability within an OSPF network.</t> </section> <section anchor="iana"title="IANA Considerations"> <t>This document requestsnumbered="true" toc="default"> <name>IANA Considerations</name> <t>Per this document, IANAfor the allocation ofhas allocated the following codepoints from the "OSPFv2 Extended Prefix TLV Sub-TLVs" registry under the "Open Shortest Path First v2 (OSPFv2) Parameters" registry.</t><figure> <artwork><![CDATA[ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Code | Description | IANA Allocation | | Point | | Status | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | 4 | Prefix Source OSPF Router-ID | early allocation done | | 5 | Prefix Source Router Address | suggested | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Figure 3: Codepoints<table anchor="extended_prefix"> <name>Codepoints in OSPFv2 Extended Prefix TLVSub-TLVs ]]></artwork> </figure> <t>This document requestsSub-TLVs</name> <thead> <tr> <th>Value</th> <th>Description</th> <th>Reference</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>Prefix Source OSPF Router-ID</td> <td>RFC 9084</td> </tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td>Prefix Source Router Address</td> <td>RFC 9084</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <t>Per this document, IANAfor the allocation ofhas allocated the following codepoints from the "OSPFv3 Extended-LSA Sub-TLVs" registry under the "Open Shortest Path First v3 (OSPFv3) Parameters" registry.</t><t><figure> <artwork><![CDATA[ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Code | Description | IANA Allocation | | Point | | Status | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | 27 | Prefix Source OSPF Router-ID | early allocation done | | 28 | Prefix Source Router Address | suggested | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Figure 4: Codepoints<table anchor="extended_lsa"> <name>Codepoints in OSPFv3 Extended-LSASub-TLVs ]]></artwork> </figure></t>Sub-TLVs</name> <thead> <tr> <th>Value</th> <th>Description</th> <th>Reference</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>27</td> <td>Prefix Source OSPF Router-ID</td> <td>RFC 9084</td> </tr> <tr> <td>28</td> <td>Prefix Source Router Address</td> <td>RFC 9084</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </section> </middle> <back> <references> <name>References</name> <references> <name>Normative References</name> <xi:include href="https://xml2rfc.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.2119.xml"/> <xi:include href="https://xml2rfc.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.2328.xml"/> <xi:include href="https://xml2rfc.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.3630.xml"/> <xi:include href="https://xml2rfc.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.5340.xml"/> <xi:include href="https://xml2rfc.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.7684.xml"/> <xi:include href="https://xml2rfc.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.5329.xml"/> <xi:include href="https://xml2rfc.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.8174.xml"/> <xi:include href="https://xml2rfc.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.8362.xml"/> </references> <references> <name>Informative References</name> <xi:include href="https://xml2rfc.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.3101.xml"/> <xi:include href="https://xml2rfc.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.5838.xml"/> <xi:include href="https://xml2rfc.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.7752.xml"/> <reference anchor='RFC9085' target='https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9085'> <front> <title>Border Gateway Protocol - Link State (BGP-LS) Extensions for Segment Routing</title> <author initials='S' surname='Previdi' fullname='Stefano Previdi'> <organization /> </author> <author initials='K' surname='Talaulikar' fullname='Ketan Talaulikar' role='editor'> <organization /> </author> <author initials='C' surname='Filsfils' fullname='Clarence Filsfils'> <organization /> </author> <author initials='H' surname='Gredler' fullname='Hannes Gredler'> <organization /> </author> <author initials='M' surname='Chen' fullname='Mach(Guoyi) Chen'> <organization /> </author> <date month='August' year='2021' /> </front> <seriesInfo name="RFC" value="9085"/> <seriesInfo name="DOI" value="10.17487/RFC9085"/> </reference> </references> </references> <section anchor="ack"title="Acknowledgement">numbered="false" toc="default"> <name>Acknowledgement</name> <t>Many thanks toLes Ginsberg<contact fullname="Les Ginsberg"/> for his suggestions on thisdraft. Alsodocument. Also, thanks toJeff Tantsura, Rob Shakir, Gunter<contact fullname="Jeff Tantsura"/>, <contact fullname="Rob Shakir"/>, <contact fullname="Gunter VanDe Velde, Goethals Dirk, Smita Selot, Shaofu Peng, John E Drake and Baalajee Sde Velde"/>, <contact fullname="Goethals Dirk"/>, <contact fullname="Smita Selot"/>, <contact fullname="Shaofu Peng"/>, <contact fullname="John E. Drake"/>, and <contact fullname="Baalajee S."/> for their review and valuable comments. The authors would also like to thankAlvaro Retana<contact fullname="Alvaro Retana"/> for his detailed review and suggestions for the improvement of this document.</t> </section></middle> <back> <references title="Normative References"> <?rfc include="reference.RFC.2119"?> <?rfc include="reference.RFC.2328"?> <?rfc include="reference.RFC.3630"?> <?rfc include="reference.RFC.5340"?> <?rfc include="reference.RFC.7684"?> <?rfc include="reference.RFC.5329"?> <?rfc include="reference.RFC.8174"?> <?rfc include="reference.RFC.8362"?> </references> <references title="Informative References"> <?rfc include="reference.RFC.3101"?> <?rfc include="reference.RFC.5838"?> <?rfc include="reference.RFC.7752"?> <?rfc include="reference.I-D.ietf-idr-bgp-ls-segment-routing-ext.xml"?> </references></back> </rfc>