rfc9310.original   rfc9310.txt 
Network Working Group R. Housley Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) R. Housley
Internet-Draft Vigil Security Request for Comments: 9310 Vigil Security
Intended status: Standards Track S. Turner Category: Standards Track S. Turner
Expires: 2 June 2023 sn3rd ISSN: 2070-1721 sn3rd
J. P. Mattsson J. Preuß Mattsson
D. Migault D. Migault
Ericsson Ericsson
29 November 2022 December 2022
X.509 Certificate Extension for 5G Network Function Types X.509 Certificate Extension for 5G Network Function Types
draft-ietf-lamps-5g-nftypes-08
Abstract Abstract
This document specifies the certificate extension for including This document specifies the certificate extension for including
Network Function Types (NFTypes) for the 5G System in X.509v3 public Network Function Types (NFTypes) for the 5G System in X.509 v3 public
key certificates as profiled in RFC 5280. key certificates as profiled in RFC 5280.
Status of This Memo Status of This Memo
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the This is an Internet Standards Track document.
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
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Internet Standards is available in Section 2 of RFC 7841.
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and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at
https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9310.
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Table of Contents Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1. Introduction
2. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2. Terminology
3. Network Functions Certificate Extension . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3. Network Function Types Certificate Extension
4. ASN.1 Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4. ASN.1 Module
5. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 5. Security Considerations
6. Privacy Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 6. Privacy Considerations
7. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 7. IANA Considerations
8. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 8. References
9. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 8.1. Normative References
9.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 8.2. Informative References
9.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Appendix A. NFType Strings
Appendix A. NFType Strings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Appendix B. Example Certificate Containing a NFTypes Extension
Appendix B. Example Certificate Containing a NFTypes Acknowledgements
Extension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Authors' Addresses
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1. Introduction 1. Introduction
The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has specified several The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has specified several
Network Functions (NFs) as part of the service-based architecture Network Functions (NFs) as part of the service-based architecture
within the 5G System. There are 49 NF Types defined for 3GPP Release within the 5G System. There are 56 NF Types defined for 3GPP Release
17; they are listed in Table 6.1.6.3.3-1 of [TS29.510], and each NF 17; they are listed in Table 6.1.6.3.3-1 of [TS29.510], and each NF
type is identified by a short ASCII string. type is identified by a short ASCII string.
Operators of 5G systems make use of an internal PKI to identify Operators of 5G Systems make use of an internal PKI to identify
interface instances in the NFs in a 5G system. X.509v3 public key interface instances in the NFs in a 5G System. X.509 v3 public key
certificates [RFC5280] are used, and the primary function of a certificates [RFC5280] are used, and the primary function of a
certificate is to bind a public key to the identity of an entity that certificate is to bind a public key to the identity of an entity that
holds the corresponding private key, known as the certificate holds the corresponding private key, known as the certificate
subject. The certificate subject and the subjectAltName certificate subject. The certificate subject and the SubjectAltName certificate
extension can be used to support identity-based access control extension can be used to support identity-based access control
decisions. decisions.
This document specifies the NFTypes certificate extension to support This document specifies the NFTypes certificate extension to support
role-based access control decisions by providing a list of NF Types role-based access control decisions by providing a list of NF Types
associated with the certificate subject. The NFTypes certificate associated with the certificate subject. The NFTypes certificate
extension can be used by operators of 5G systems or later. extension can be used by operators of 5G Systems or later.
2. Terminology 2. Terminology
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
"OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
BCP 14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all BCP 14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
capitals, as shown here. capitals, as shown here.
3. Network Functions Certificate Extension 3. Network Function Types Certificate Extension
This section specifies the NFTypes certificate extension, which This section specifies the NFTypes certificate extension, which
provides a list of NF Types associated with the certificate subject. provides a list of NF Types associated with the certificate subject.
The NFTypes certificate extension MAY be included in public key The NFTypes certificate extension MAY be included in public key
certificates [RFC5280]. The NFTypes certificate extension MUST be certificates [RFC5280]. The NFTypes certificate extension MUST be
identified by the following object identifier: identified by the following object identifier:
id-pe-nftypes OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= id-pe-nftype OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::=
{ iso(1) identified-organization(3) dod(6) internet(1) { iso(1) identified-organization(3) dod(6) internet(1)
security(5) mechanisms(5) pkix(7) id-pe(1) 34 } security(5) mechanisms(5) pkix(7) id-pe(1) 34 }
This extension MUST NOT be marked critical. This extension MUST NOT be marked critical.
The NFTypes extension MUST have the following syntax: The NFTypes extension MUST have the following syntax:
NFTypes ::= SEQUENCE SIZE (1..MAX) OF NFType NFTypes ::= SEQUENCE SIZE (1..MAX) OF NFType
NFType ::= IA5String (SIZE (1..32)) NFType ::= IA5String (SIZE (1..32))
skipping to change at page 3, line 46 skipping to change at line 128
Each NFType MUST contain only an ASCII string; however, the string Each NFType MUST contain only an ASCII string; however, the string
MUST NOT include control characters (values 0 through 31), the space MUST NOT include control characters (values 0 through 31), the space
character (value 32), or the delete character (value 127). character (value 32), or the delete character (value 127).
Each NFType MUST contain at least one ASCII character and MUST NOT Each NFType MUST contain at least one ASCII character and MUST NOT
contain more than 32 ASCII characters. contain more than 32 ASCII characters.
The NFTypes MUST NOT contain the same NFType more than once. The NFTypes MUST NOT contain the same NFType more than once.
If the NFTypes contain more than one NFType, the NFTypes MUST appear If the NFTypes contain more than one NFType, the NFTypes MUST appear
in ascending sort order. in ascending lexicographic order using the ASCII values.
The NFType uses the IA5String type to permit inclusion of the The NFType uses the IA5String type to permit inclusion of the
underscore character ('_'), which is not part of the PrintableString underscore character ('_'), which is not part of the PrintableString
character set. character set.
4. ASN.1 Module 4. ASN.1 Module
This section provides an ASN.1 module [X.680] for the NFTypes This section provides an ASN.1 Module [X.680] for the NFTypes
certificate extension, and it follows the conventions established in certificate extension, and it follows the conventions established in
[RFC5912] and [RFC6268]. [RFC5912] and [RFC6268].
<CODE BEGINS> <CODE BEGINS>
NFTypeCertExtn NFTypeCertExtn
{ iso(1) identified-organization(3) dod(6) internet(1) { iso(1) identified-organization(3) dod(6) internet(1)
security(5) mechanisms(5) pkix(7) id-mod(0) security(5) mechanisms(5) pkix(7) id-mod(0)
id-mod-nftype(106) } id-mod-nftype(106) }
DEFINITIONS IMPLICIT TAGS ::= DEFINITIONS IMPLICIT TAGS ::=
skipping to change at page 4, line 35 skipping to change at line 164
id-mod-pkixCommon-02(57) } ; id-mod-pkixCommon-02(57) } ;
-- NFTypes Certificate Extension -- NFTypes Certificate Extension
ext-NFType EXTENSION ::= { ext-NFType EXTENSION ::= {
SYNTAX NFTypes SYNTAX NFTypes
IDENTIFIED BY id-pe-nftype } IDENTIFIED BY id-pe-nftype }
-- NFTypes Certificate Extension OID -- NFTypes Certificate Extension OID
id-pe-nftype OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= id-pe-nftype OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::=
{ iso(1) identified-organization(3) dod(6) internet(1) { iso(1) identified-organization(3) dod(6) internet(1)
security(5) mechanisms(5) pkix(7) id-pe(1) 34 } security(5) mechanisms(5) pkix(7) id-pe(1) 34 }
-- NFTypes Certificate Extension Syntax -- NFTypes Certificate Extension Syntax
NFTypes ::= SEQUENCE SIZE (1..MAX) OF NFType NFTypes ::= SEQUENCE SIZE (1..MAX) OF NFType
NFType ::= IA5String (SIZE (1..32)) NFType ::= IA5String (SIZE (1..32))
END END
<CODE ENDS> <CODE ENDS>
5. Security Considerations 5. Security Considerations
The Security Considerations of [RFC5280] are applicable to this The security considerations of [RFC5280] are applicable to this
document. document.
Some of the ASCII strings that specify the NF Types are standard. Some of the ASCII strings that specify the NF Types are standard.
See Appendix A for values defined in 3GPP. Additionally, an operator See Appendix A for values defined in 3GPP Release 17. Additionally,
MAY assign its own NF Types for use in their own network. Since the an operator MAY assign its own NF Types for use in their own network.
NF Type is used for role-based access control decisions, an operator- Since the NF Type is used for role-based access control decisions, an
assigned NF Type MUST NOT overlap with a value already defined in the operator-assigned NF Type MUST NOT overlap with a value already
commonly defined set. Use of the same ASCII string by two different defined in the commonly defined set. Use of the same ASCII string by
operators for different roles could lead to confusion or incorrect two different operators for different roles could lead to confusion
access control decisions. The mechanism for an operator to determine or incorrect access control decisions. The mechanism for an operator
whether an ASCII string associated with a NF Type is unique across to determine whether an ASCII string associated with a NF Type is
operators is outside the scope of this document. unique across operators is outside the scope of this document.
The certificate extension supports many different forms of role-based The certificate extension supports many different forms of role-based
access control to support the diversity of activities that NFs are access control to support the diversity of activities that NFs are
trusted to perform in the overall system. Different levels of trusted to perform in the overall system. Different levels of
confidence that the NFTypes were properly assigned might be needed to confidence that the NFTypes were properly assigned might be needed to
contribute to the overall security of the 5G system. For example, contribute to the overall security of the 5G System. For example,
more confidence might be needed to make access control decisions more confidence might be needed to make access control decisions
related to a scarce resource than implementation of filtering related to a scarce resource than implementation of filtering
policies. As a result, different operators might have different policies. As a result, different operators might have different
trust models for NFTypes certificate extension. trust models for the NFTypes certificate extension.
6. Privacy Considerations 6. Privacy Considerations
In some security protocols, such as TLS 1.2 [RFC5246], certificates In some security protocols, such as TLS 1.2 [RFC5246], certificates
are exchanged in the clear. In other security protocols, such as TLS are exchanged in the clear. In other security protocols, such as TLS
1.3 [RFC8446], the certificates are encrypted. The inclusion of 1.3 [RFC8446], the certificates are encrypted. The inclusion of the
NFType certificate extension can help an observer determine which NFTypes certificate extension can help an observer determine which
systems are of most interest based on the plaintext certificate systems are of most interest based on the plaintext certificate
transmission. transmission.
7. IANA Considerations 7. IANA Considerations
For the NFType certificate extension in Section 3, IANA is requested For the NFTypes certificate extension defined in Section 3, IANA has
to assign an object identifier (OID) for the certificate extension. assigned an object identifier (OID) for the certificate extension.
The OID for the certificate extension should be allocated in the "SMI The OID for the certificate extension has been allocated in the "SMI
Security for PKIX Certificate Extension" registry (1.3.6.1.5.5.7.1). Security for PKIX Certificate Extension" registry (1.3.6.1.5.5.7.1).
For the ASN.1 Module in Section 4, IANA is requested to assign an For the ASN.1 Module defined in Section 4, IANA has assigned an OID
object identifier (OID) for the module identifier. The OID for the for the module identifier. The OID for the module has been allocated
module should be allocated in the "SMI Security for PKIX Module in the "SMI Security for PKIX Module Identifier" registry
Identifier" registry (1.3.6.1.5.5.7.0). (1.3.6.1.5.5.7.0).
8. Acknowledgements
Many thanks to Ben Smeets, Michael Li, Tim Hollebeek, Roman Danyliw,
Bernie Volz, and Eric Vyncke for their review, comments, and
assistance.
9. References 8. References
9.1. Normative References 8.1. Normative References
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997, DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>. <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.
[RFC5280] Cooper, D., Santesson, S., Farrell, S., Boeyen, S., [RFC5280] Cooper, D., Santesson, S., Farrell, S., Boeyen, S.,
Housley, R., and W. Polk, "Internet X.509 Public Key Housley, R., and W. Polk, "Internet X.509 Public Key
Infrastructure Certificate and Certificate Revocation List Infrastructure Certificate and Certificate Revocation List
(CRL) Profile", RFC 5280, DOI 10.17487/RFC5280, May 2008, (CRL) Profile", RFC 5280, DOI 10.17487/RFC5280, May 2008,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5280>. <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5280>.
[RFC8174] Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC [RFC8174] Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174, 2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>. May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.
[TS23.003] 3rd Generation Partnership Project, "Technical [TS29.510] 3rd Generation Partnership Project, "Technical
Specification Group Core Network and Terminals; Numbering, Specification Group Core Network and Terminals; 5G System;
addressing and identification (Release 17)", 3GPP Network Function Repository Services; Stage 3 (Release
TS:23.003 V17.5.0 , March 2022, 17)", 3GPP TS:29.510 V17.8.0, December 2022,
<https://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/
archive/23_series/23.003/23003-h50.zip>.
[TS29.510] 3rd Generation Partnership Project, "5G System; Network
Function Repository Services; Stage 3 (Release 17)", 3GPP
TS:29.510 V17.5.0 , March 2022,
<https://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/ <https://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/
archive/29_series/29.510/29510-h50.zip>. archive/29_series/29.510/29510-h80.zip>.
[TS33.310] 3rd Generation Partnership Project, "Network Domain [TS33.310] 3rd Generation Partnership Project, "Technical
Security (NDS); Authentication Framework (AF) (Release Specification Group Services and System Aspects; Network
17)", 3GPP TS:33.310 V17.2.0 , March 2022, Domain Security (NDS); Authentication Framework (AF)
(Release 17)", 3GPP TS:33.310 V17.4.0, September 2022,
<https://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/ <https://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/
archive/33_series/33.310/33310-h20.zip>. archive/33_series/33.310/33310-h40.zip>.
[X.680] ITU-T, "Information technology -- Abstract Syntax Notation [X.680] ITU-T, "Information technology -- Abstract Syntax Notation
One (ASN.1): Specification of basic notation", ITU-T One (ASN.1): Specification of basic notation", ITU-T
Recommendation X.680, ISO/IEC 8824-1:2021, February 2021, Recommendation X.680, ISO/IEC 8824-1:2021, February 2021,
<https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-X.680>. <https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-X.680>.
9.2. Informative References 8.2. Informative References
[RFC5246] Dierks, T. and E. Rescorla, "The Transport Layer Security [RFC5246] Dierks, T. and E. Rescorla, "The Transport Layer Security
(TLS) Protocol Version 1.2", RFC 5246, (TLS) Protocol Version 1.2", RFC 5246,
DOI 10.17487/RFC5246, August 2008, DOI 10.17487/RFC5246, August 2008,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5246>. <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5246>.
[RFC5912] Hoffman, P. and J. Schaad, "New ASN.1 Modules for the [RFC5912] Hoffman, P. and J. Schaad, "New ASN.1 Modules for the
Public Key Infrastructure Using X.509 (PKIX)", RFC 5912, Public Key Infrastructure Using X.509 (PKIX)", RFC 5912,
DOI 10.17487/RFC5912, June 2010, DOI 10.17487/RFC5912, June 2010,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5912>. <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5912>.
skipping to change at page 7, line 25 skipping to change at line 284
[RFC6268] Schaad, J. and S. Turner, "Additional New ASN.1 Modules [RFC6268] Schaad, J. and S. Turner, "Additional New ASN.1 Modules
for the Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS) and the Public for the Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS) and the Public
Key Infrastructure Using X.509 (PKIX)", RFC 6268, Key Infrastructure Using X.509 (PKIX)", RFC 6268,
DOI 10.17487/RFC6268, July 2011, DOI 10.17487/RFC6268, July 2011,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6268>. <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6268>.
[RFC8446] Rescorla, E., "The Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol [RFC8446] Rescorla, E., "The Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol
Version 1.3", RFC 8446, DOI 10.17487/RFC8446, August 2018, Version 1.3", RFC 8446, DOI 10.17487/RFC8446, August 2018,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8446>. <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8446>.
[TS29.571] 3rd Generation Partnership Project, "5G System; Common [TS29.571] 3rd Generation Partnership Project, "Technical
Data Types for Service Based Interfaces; Stage 3 (Release Specification Group Core Network and Terminals; 5G System;
17)", 3GPP TS:29.571 V17.5.0 , March 2022, Common Data Types for Service Based Interfaces; Stage 3
(Release 17)", 3GPP TS:29.571 V17.8.0, December 2022,
<https://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/ <https://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/
archive/29_series/29.571/29571-h50.zip>. archive/29_series/29.571/29571-h80.zip>.
Appendix A. NFType Strings Appendix A. NFType Strings
Table 6.1.6.3.3-1 of [TS29.510] defines the ASCII strings for the NF Table 6.1.6.3.3-1 of [TS29.510] defines the ASCII strings for the NF
Types specified in 3GPP documents, which are listed below in Types specified in 3GPP documents; these enumeration values in 3GPP
alphabetical order. This list is not exhaustive. Release 17 are listed below in ascending lexicographic order. This
list is not exhaustive.
"5G_DDNMF" "ICSCF" "SCEF" "5G_DDNMF" "LMF" "PKMF"
"5G_EIR" "IMS_AS" "SCP" "5G_EIR" "MBSF" "SCEF"
"AANF" "LMF" "SCSAS" "AANF" "MBSTF" "SCP"
"ADRF" "MB-SMF" "SCSCF" "ADRF" "MB_SMF" "SCSAS"
"AF" "MB-UPF" "SEPP" "AF" "MB_UPF" "SCSCF"
"AMF" "MFAF" "SMF" "AMF" "MFAF" "SEPP"
"AUSF" "MME" "SMSF" "AUSF" "MME" "SMF"
"BSF" "N3IWF" "SOR_AF" "BSF" "MNPF" "SMSF"
"CBCF" "NEF" "SPAF" "CBCF" "N3IWF" "SMS_GMSC"
"CEF" "NRF" "TSCTSF" "CEF" "NEF" "SMS_IWMSC"
"CHF" "NSACF" "UCMF" "CHF" "NRF" "SOR_AF"
"DCCF" "NSSAAF" "UDM" "DCCF" "NSACF" "SPAF"
"DRA" "NSSF" "UDR" "DRA" "NSSAAF" "TSCTSF"
"EASDF" "NSWOF" "UDSF" "EASDF" "NSSF" "UCMF"
"GBA_BSF" "NWDAF" "UPF" "GBA_BSF" "NSWOF" "UDM"
"GMLC" "PCF" "GMLC" "NWDAF" "UDR"
"HSS" "PCSCF" "HSS" "PANF" "UDSF"
"ICSCF" "PCF" "UPF"
"IMS_AS" "PCSCF"
Appendix B. Example Certificate Containing a NFTypes Extension Appendix B. Example Certificate Containing a NFTypes Extension
The example certificate conformes to certificate profile in The example certificate conforms to the certificate profile in
Table 6.1.3c.3-1 of [TS33.310]. In addition, the NFTypes certificate Table 6.1.3c.3-1 of [TS33.310]. In addition, the NFTypes certificate
is included with only one NFType, and it is "AMF". The is included with only one NFType, and it is "AMF". The
SubjectAltName certificate extension contains a fully qualified SubjectAltName certificate extension contains a fully qualified
domain names (FQDN) and a uniformResourceIdentifier, which carries domain name (FQDN) and a uniformResourceIdentifier, which carries the
the NF Instance ID as specified in Clause 5.3.2 of [TS29.571]. NF Instance ID as specified in Clause 5.3.2 of [TS29.571].
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
MIIC0DCCAlagAwIBAgIUDD5o44zEdfSghT2hMK+P/EjGHlowCgYIKoZIzj0EAwMw MIIC0DCCAlagAwIBAgIUDD5o44zEdfSghT2hMK+P/EjGHlowCgYIKoZIzj0EAwMw
FTETMBEGA1UECgwKRXhhbXBsZSBDQTAeFw0yMjExMjkxODE0NThaFw0yMzExMjkx FTETMBEGA1UECgwKRXhhbXBsZSBDQTAeFw0yMjExMjkxODE0NThaFw0yMzExMjkx
ODE0NThaMDkxCzAJBgNVBAYTAlVTMSowKAYDVQQKEyE1Z2MubW5jNDAwLm1jYzMx ODE0NThaMDkxCzAJBgNVBAYTAlVTMSowKAYDVQQKEyE1Z2MubW5jNDAwLm1jYzMx
MS4zZ3BwbmV0d29yay5vcmcwdjAQBgcqhkjOPQIBBgUrgQQAIgNiAATJ6IFHI683 MS4zZ3BwbmV0d29yay5vcmcwdjAQBgcqhkjOPQIBBgUrgQQAIgNiAATJ6IFHI683
q/JJjsJUfEiRFqGQ6uKDGJ0oqDP6wEhRAuvyEyz5pgRmz/7Mze1+s1qcnPU9mo1v q/JJjsJUfEiRFqGQ6uKDGJ0oqDP6wEhRAuvyEyz5pgRmz/7Mze1+s1qcnPU9mo1v
rIW9rjKhb/Hm8H9TPvnMQwCRCtKvCD90MkWvc/G8qyCBpCms3zNOJOijggFBMIIB rIW9rjKhb/Hm8H9TPvnMQwCRCtKvCD90MkWvc/G8qyCBpCms3zNOJOijggFBMIIB
PTATBggrBgEFBQcBIgQHMAUWA0FNRjAXBgNVHSAEEDAOMAwGCmCGSAFlAwIBMDAw PTATBggrBgEFBQcBIgQHMAUWA0FNRjAXBgNVHSAEEDAOMAwGCmCGSAFlAwIBMDAw
DgYDVR0PAQH/BAQDAgeAMBMGA1UdJQQMMAoGCCsGAQUFBwMCMB0GA1UdDgQWBBRM DgYDVR0PAQH/BAQDAgeAMBMGA1UdJQQMMAoGCCsGAQUFBwMCMB0GA1UdDgQWBBRM
skipping to change at page 12, line 4 skipping to change at line 493
: } : }
30 10: SEQUENCE { 30 10: SEQUENCE {
06 8: OBJECT IDENTIFIER ecdsaWithSHA384 (1 2 840 10045 4 3 3) 06 8: OBJECT IDENTIFIER ecdsaWithSHA384 (1 2 840 10045 4 3 3)
: } : }
03 104: BIT STRING, encapsulates { 03 104: BIT STRING, encapsulates {
30 101: SEQUENCE { 30 101: SEQUENCE {
02 48: INTEGER 02 48: INTEGER
: 4B 50 12 EB 7D 91 E9 64 88 C2 0C 47 E4 33 91 23 : 4B 50 12 EB 7D 91 E9 64 88 C2 0C 47 E4 33 91 23
: 46 22 E4 77 D0 BA F6 DD FB 5A AC B8 BD C0 CA 77 : 46 22 E4 77 D0 BA F6 DD FB 5A AC B8 BD C0 CA 77
: 65 12 09 61 08 1A 01 67 3A 82 67 F7 31 50 29 ED : 65 12 09 61 08 1A 01 67 3A 82 67 F7 31 50 29 ED
02 49: INTEGER 02 49: INTEGER
: 00 A3 28 60 0B 70 E6 CA E4 36 31 3E 66 0E 82 A8 : 00 A3 28 60 0B 70 E6 CA E4 36 31 3E 66 0E 82 A8
: 49 1F F5 FD 9B 6A 71 65 B5 1B 8F 6D 3A 78 07 45 : 49 1F F5 FD 9B 6A 71 65 B5 1B 8F 6D 3A 78 07 45
: EB 6B 3E 73 FE 39 F7 34 33 CC F5 AB 5A 48 75 31 : EB 6B 3E 73 FE 39 F7 34 33 CC F5 AB 5A 48 75 31
: 39 : 39
: } : }
: } : }
: } : }
Acknowledgements
Many thanks to Ben Smeets, Michael Li, Tim Hollebeek, Roman Danyliw,
Bernie Volz, and Éric Vyncke for their review, comments, and
assistance.
Authors' Addresses Authors' Addresses
Russ Housley Russ Housley
Vigil Security, LLC Vigil Security, LLC
Herndon, VA, Herndon, VA
United States of America United States of America
Email: housley@vigilsec.com Email: housley@vigilsec.com
Sean Turner Sean Turner
sn3rd sn3rd
Washington, DC, Washington, DC
United States of America United States of America
Email: sean@sn3rd.com Email: sean@sn3rd.com
John Preuß Mattsson John Preuß Mattsson
Ericsson Ericsson
Kista Kista
Sweden Sweden
Email: john.mattsson@ericsson.com Email: john.mattsson@ericsson.com
Daniel Migault Daniel Migault
 End of changes. 42 change blocks. 
126 lines changed or deleted 120 lines changed or added

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