<?xmlversion='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <!-- updated by Sarah 01/03/24 --> <!DOCTYPE rfc [ <!ENTITY nbsp " "> <!ENTITY zwsp "​"> <!ENTITY nbhy "‑"> <!ENTITY wj "⁠"> ]><?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="rfc2629.xslt" ?><!-- generated by https://github.com/cabo/kramdown-rfc version 1.7.3 (Ruby 3.0.2) --><?rfc tocompact="yes"?> <?rfc tocindent="yes"?> <?rfc comments="yes"?> <?rfc inline="yes"?> <?rfc compact="yes"?> <?rfc subcompact="no"?><rfc xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" ipr="trust200902" number="9545" docName="draft-ietf-spring-mpls-path-segment-22" obsoletes="" updates="" category="std" consensus="true" submissionType="IETF" tocDepth="3" xml:lang="en" tocInclude="true" sortRefs="true" symRefs="true" version="3"><!-- xml2rfc v2v3 conversion 3.18.2 --><front> <title abbrev="PSID in SR-MPLS">Path Segment Identifier inMPLS BasedMPLS-Based Segment RoutingNetwork</title>Networks</title> <seriesInfoname="Internet-Draft" value="draft-ietf-spring-mpls-path-segment-22"/>name="RFC" value="9545"/> <author initials="W." surname="Cheng" fullname="Weiqiang Cheng" role="editor"> <organization>China Mobile</organization> <address> <email>chengweiqiang@chinamobile.com</email> </address> </author> <author initials="H." surname="Li" fullname="Han Li"> <organization>China Mobile</organization> <address> <email>lihan@chinamobile.com</email> </address> </author> <author initials="C." surname="Li" fullname="Cheng Li" role="editor"> <organization>Huawei Technologies</organization> <address> <postal> <country>China</country> </postal> <email>c.l@huawei.com</email> </address> </author> <author initials="R." surname="Gandhi" fullname="Rakesh Gandhi"> <organization>Cisco Systems, Inc.</organization> <address> <postal> <country>Canada</country> </postal> <email>rgandhi@cisco.com</email> </address> </author> <author initials="R." surname="Zigler" fullname="Royi Zigler"> <organization>Broadcom</organization> <address> <email>royi.zigler@broadcom.com</email> </address> </author> <dateyear="2023" month="November" day="30"/> <area>Routing Area</area> <workgroup>SPRING Working Group</workgroup>year="2024" month="February"/> <area>rtg</area> <workgroup>spring</workgroup> <keyword>Performance Measurement</keyword> <keyword>Bidirectional SR Path</keyword> <keyword>End-to-End Path Protection</keyword> <keyword>SR Path Segment</keyword> <keyword>Path Segment</keyword> <abstract><?line 123?><t>A Segment Routing (SR) path is identified by an SR segment list. Asub-setsubset of segments from the segment list cannot be leveraged to distinguish one SR path from another as they may be partially congruent. SR path identification is apre-requisiteprerequisite for varioususe-casesuse cases such asPerformance Measurement,performance measurement and end-to-end 1+1 path protection.</t> <t>In an SRforover MPLS (SR-MPLS) dataplane (SR-MPLS),plane, anEgressegress node cannot determine on which SR path a packet traversed the network from the label stack because the segment identifiers are removed from the label stack as the packet transits the network.</t> <t>This document defines a Path SegmentIdentifier(PSID)Identifier (PSID) to identify an SR path on the egress node of the path.</t> </abstract> </front> <middle><?line 135?><section anchor="introduction"> <name>Introduction</name> <t>Segment Routing (SR) <xref target="RFC8402"/> leverages the source-routing paradigm to steer packets from a source node through a controlled set of instructions, calledsegments,"segments", by prepending the packet with an SR header. In SR with the MPLS data planeSR-MPLS<xreftarget="RFC8660"/>target="RFC8660"/>, the SR header is instantiated through a label stack.</t> <t>In an SR-MPLS network, when a packet is transmitted along an SR path, the labels in the MPLS label stack will be swapped or popped. The result of this is that no label or only the last label may be left in the MPLS label stack when the packet reaches the egress node. Thus, the egress node cannot use the SR label stack to determine along which SR path the packet came.</t> <t>However, identifying a path on the egress node is apre-requisiteprerequisite for varioususe-casesuse cases in SR-MPLS networks, such asPerformance Measurementperformance measurement (<xref target="psid-for-pm"/>), bidirectionalpathpaths (<xref target="psid-for-bpath"/>), and end-to-end 1+1 path protection(Live-Live(a Live-Live case) (<xref target="psid-for-protection"/>).</t> <t>Therefore, this document defines a new segment type, referred to herein as aPath Segment."Path Segment". A Path Segment is defined to uniquely identify an SR path on the egress node of the path. It <bcp14>MAY</bcp14> be used by the egress node for path identification. Notethat,that per-path state will be maintained in the egress node due to the requirements in the aforementioned use cases, though in normalcases thatcases, the per-path state will be maintained in the ingress node only.</t> <section anchor="requirements-language"> <name>Requirements Language</name><t>The<t> The key words "<bcp14>MUST</bcp14>", "<bcp14>MUST NOT</bcp14>", "<bcp14>REQUIRED</bcp14>", "<bcp14>SHALL</bcp14>", "<bcp14>SHALL NOT</bcp14>", "<bcp14>SHOULD</bcp14>", "<bcp14>SHOULD NOT</bcp14>", "<bcp14>RECOMMENDED</bcp14>", "<bcp14>NOT RECOMMENDED</bcp14>", "<bcp14>MAY</bcp14>", and "<bcp14>OPTIONAL</bcp14>" in this document are to be interpreted as described inBCP 14BCP 14 <xref target="RFC2119"/> <xref target="RFC8174"/> when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shownhere.</t> <?line -18?>here. </t> </section> <section anchor="abbreviations-and-terms"> <name>Abbreviations and Terms</name><t>MPLS: Multiprotocol<dl> <dt>MPLS:</dt><dd>Multiprotocol LabelSwitching.</t> <t>SR:Switching</dd> <dt>PSID:</dt><dd>Path SegmentRouting.</t> <t>SID: Segment Identifier.</t> <t>SR-MPLS: Instantiation of SR on the MPLS data plane.</t> <t>SR path: A SR path is aIdentifier</dd> <dt>SID:</dt><dd>Segment Identifier</dd> <dt>SR:</dt><dd>Segment Routing</dd> <dt>SR-MPLS:</dt><dd>SR over MPLS</dd> <dt>SR path:</dt><dd>A path described by aSegment-List.</t> <t>Sub-Path: A sub-path is asegment list.</dd> <dt>Sub-Path:</dt><dd>A part of a path, which contains asub-setsubset of the nodes and links of thepath.</t> <t>PSID: Path Segment Identifier.</t>path.</dd> </dl> </section> </section> <section anchor="path-segment"> <name>Path Segment</name> <t>A Path Segment is aLocal Segmentlocal segment <xref target="RFC8402"/>whichthat uniquely identifies an SR path on the egress node. A Path SegmentIdentifier(PSID)Identifier (PSID) is a single label that is assigned from the Segment Routing Local Block (SRLB) <xref target="RFC8402"/> of the egress node of an SR path.</t> <t>A PSID is used to identify aSegment List.segment list. However, one PSID can be used to identify multipleSegment Listssegment lists in some use cases if needed. For example, one single PSID <bcp14>MAY</bcp14> be used to identify some or allSegmentsegment lists in aCandidatecandidate path or an SRpolicy,policy if an operator would like to aggregate theseSegment Listssegment lists in operation.</t> <t>When a PSID is used, the PSID can be inserted at the ingress node and <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> immediately follow the last label of the SRpath,path; in other words, it must be inserted after the routing segment(adjacency/node/prefix(adjacency, node, or prefix segment) that is pointing to the egress node of the SR path. Therefore, a PSID will not be the top label in the label stack when received on an intermediate node of the associated path, but it can be the top label in the label stack on the penultimate node.</t> <t>The value of the TTL field in the MPLS label stack entry containing a PSID can be set to any value except 0. If a PSID is the bottom label, the S bit <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> be set, and if the PSID is NOT the bottom label, the S bit <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> be 0.</t> <t>The egress node <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> pop the PSID. The egress node <bcp14>MAY</bcp14> use the PSID for further processing. For example, when performance measurement is enabled on the SR path, it can trigger packet counting or timestamping.</t> <t>The addition of the PSID will require the egress to read and process the PSID label in addition to the regular processing. This additional processing may have an impact on forwarding performance. Behavior relating to the use of explicit null directly preceding the PSID is undefined in this document.</t><t>Generic<t>A Generic Associated Channel Label (GAL) <bcp14>MAY</bcp14> be used for Operations,AdministrationAdministration, and Maintenance (OAM) in MPLS networks. As per <xref target="RFC5586"/>, when a GAL is used, theACHAssociated Channel Header (ACH) appears immediately after the bottom of the label stack.</t> <t>The SR path computation needs to know the Maximum SID Depth (MSD) that can be imposed at the ingress node of a given SR path <xref target="RFC8664"/>. This ensures that the SID stack depth of a computed path does not exceed the number of SIDs the node is capable of imposing. As per <xreftarget="RFC8491"/>target="RFC8491"/>, the MSD signals the total number of MPLS labels that can be imposed, where the total number of MPLS labels includes the PSID.</t> <t>An example label stack with a PSID is shown in <xref target="figure1"/>:</t> <figure anchor="figure1"> <name>Label Stack with a PSID</name> <artwork><![CDATA[ +--------------------+ | ... | +--------------------+ | Label 1 | +--------------------+ | Label 2 | +--------------------+ | ... | +--------------------+ | Label n | +--------------------+ | PSID | +--------------------+ ~ Payload ~ +--------------------+ ]]></artwork> </figure> <t>Where:</t> <ul spacing="normal"> <li> <t>The Labels 1 to n are the segment label stack used to direct how to steer the packets along the SR path.</t> </li> <li> <t>The PSID identifies the SR path in the context of the egress node of the SR path.</t> </li> </ul><t>Signaling<t>The signaling of the PSID between the egress node, the ingressnodenode, and possibly a centralized controller is out of the scope of this document.</t> <section anchor="equal-cost-multipathecmp-considerations"> <name>Equal-CostMultipath(ECMP)Multipath (ECMP) Considerations</name> <t>If an EntropyLabel(EL)Label (EL) is also used on the egress node, as per <xreftarget="RFC6790"/>target="RFC6790"/>, theEntropy label Indicator (ELI)EL and Entropy Label(EL)Indicator (ELI) would be placed before the tunnellabel and hence doeslabel; hence, they do not interfere with thePSIDPSID, which is placed below.</t> <t>It is worthy to note that in the case of ECMP, with or without the use of an EL, the SR packets may be forwarded over multiple paths. In this case, the SID list cannot directly reflect the actual forwarding path and the PSID can only identify the SID list rather than the actual forwarding path.</t> <t>Also, similar to a Synonymous FlowLabels(SFL)Label (SFL) <xref target="RFC8957"/>, the introduction ofana PSID to an existing flow may cause that flow to take a different path through the network under the conditions ofEqual-Cost Multipath. This, inECMP. In turn, this may invalidate certain uses of the PSID, such as performance measurement applications. Therefore, the considerations of SFLs as persection 5 in<xref section="5" sectionFormat="of" target="RFC8957"/>of SFLalso apply toPSIDPSIDs in implementation.</t> </section> </section> <section anchor="use-cases"> <name>Usecases</name>Cases</name> <t>This section describes use caseswhichthat can leverage the PSID. The content is for informativepurpose,purposes, and the detailed solutions might be defined in other documents in the future.</t> <section anchor="psid-for-pm"> <name>PSID for Performance Measurement</name> <t>As defined in <xref target="RFC7799"/>, performance measurement can be classified into Passive, Active, and Hybridmeasurement.measurements. Since a PSID is encoded in the SR-MPLSLabel Stacklabel stack, as shown inFigure 1,<xref target="figure1"/>, existingimplementationimplementations on the egress node can leverage a PSID for measuring packet counts.</t> <t>For Passive performance measurement, path identification at the measuring points is thepre-requisite.prerequisite. A PSID can be used by the measuring points (e.g., the ingress and egress nodes of the SR path or a centralized controller) to correlate the packet counts and timestamps from the ingress and egress nodes for a specific SRpath, thenpath; then, packet loss and delay can be calculated for the end-to-end path, respectively.</t> <t>Furthermore, a PSID can also be used for:</t> <ul spacing="normal"> <li> <t>ActivePerformance Measurementperformance measurement for an SR path in SR-MPLS networks for collecting packet counters and timestamps from the egress node using probe messages.</t> </li> <li><t>In-situ OAM<xref<t>In situ OAM <xref target="RFC9197"/> for SR-MPLS to identify the SRPathpath associated with thein-situin situ data fields in the data packets on the egress node.</t> </li> <li> <t>In-bandPerformance Measurementperformance measurement for SR-MPLS to identify the SRPathpath associated with the collected performance metrics.</t> </li> </ul> </section> <section anchor="psid-for-bpath"> <name>PSID for Bidirectional SRPath</name>Paths</name> <t>In somescenarios, for example,scenarios (e.g., mobile backhaul transportnetworks,networks), there are requirements to support bidirectionalpaths<xrefpaths <xref target="RFC6965"/>, and the path is normally treated as a single entity. Forward and reverse directions of the path have the samefate,fate; for example, failure in one direction will result in switching traffic at both directions. MPLS supports this by introducing the concepts of a co-routed bidirectionalLSPLabel Switched Path (LSP) and an associated bidirectional LSP <xref target="RFC5654"/>.</t> <t>In the current SR architecture, an SR path is a unidirectional path <xref target="RFC8402"/>. In order to support bidirectional SR paths, a straightforward way is to bind two unidirectional SR paths to a single bidirectional SR path. PSIDs can be used to identify and correlate the traffic for the two unidirectional SR paths at both ends of the bidirectional path.</t> <t>The mechanism of constructing bidirectionalpathpaths using a PSID is out of the scope of this document and has been described in several documents, such as <xref target="I-D.ietf-pce-sr-bidir-path"/> and <xref target="I-D.ietf-idr-sr-policy-path-segment"/>.</t> </section> <section anchor="psid-for-protection"> <name>PSID forEnd-to-endEnd-to-End Path Protection</name> <t>For end-to-end 1+1 path protection (i.e., a Live-Live case), the egress node of the path needs to know the set of paths that constitute the primary and thesecondaries,secondaries in order to select the primary path packets for onwardtransmission,transmission and to discard the packets from the secondaries <xref target="RFC4426"/>.</t> <t>To do this inSegment Routing,SR, each SR path needs a path identifier that is unique at the egress node. For SR-MPLS, this can be the Path Segment label allocated by the egress node.</t> <t>The detailed solution of using a PSID in end-to-end 1+1 path protection is out of the scope of this document.</t> </section> <section anchor="psid-nesting"> <name>Nesting of PSIDs</name><t>Binding<t>A Binding SID (BSID) <xref target="RFC8402"/> can be used for SID list compression. With a BSID, an end-to-end SR path in a trusted domain can be split into several sub-paths, where each sub-path is identified by a BSID.ThenThen, an end-to-end SR path can be identified by a list ofBSIDs,BSIDs; therefore, it can provide better scalability.</t><t>BSID<t>A BSID and a PSID can be combined to achieve both sub-path and end-to-end path monitoring. A reference model for such a combinationin (Figure 2)(<xref target="figure2"/>) shows an end-to-end path (A->D) in a trusted domain that spans three subdomains(Access, Aggregation(the Access, Aggregation, and Coredomain)domains) and consists of three sub-paths, one in each subdomain (sub-path (A->B), sub-path(B->C)(B->C), and sub-path (C->D)).</t> <t>The SID list of a sub-path can be expressed as <SID1, SID2,...SIDn,..., SIDn, s-PSID>, where the s-PSID is the PSID of the sub-path. Each sub-path is associated with a BSID and an s-PSID.</t> <t>The SID list of the end-to-end path can be expressed as <BSID1, BSID2, ..., BSIDn, e-PSID>, where the e-PSID is the PSID of the end-to-end path.</t> <t><xref target="figure2"/> shows the details of the label stacks when a PSID and a BSID are used to support both sub-path and end-to-end path monitoring in a multi-domain scenario.</t> <figure anchor="figure2"> <name>Nesting of PSIDs</name> <artwork><![CDATA[ /--------\ /--------\ /--------\ / \ / \ / \ A{ Access }B{ Aggregation }C{ Core }D \ / \ / \ / \--------/ \--------/ \--------/Sub-path(A->B) Sub-path(B->C) Sub-path(C->D)sub-path(A->B) sub-path(B->C) sub-path(C->D) |<--------------->|<-------------->|<-------------->| E2E Path(A->D) |<------------------------------------------------->|+------------++-------------+ ~A->BSubPath~ +------------+ +------------+ |s-PSID(A->B)|sub-path~ +-------------+ +-------------+ |s-PSID(A->B) | ~B->CSubPath~ +------------+ +------------+ +------------+sub-path~ +-------------+ +-------------+ +-------------+ | BSID(B->C) ||s-PSID(B->C)||s-PSID(B->C) | ~C->DSubPath~ +------------+ +------------+ +------------+sub-path~ +-------------+ +-------------+ +-------------+ | BSID(C->D) | | BSID(C->D) ||s-PSID(C->D)| +------------+ +------------+ +------------+|s-PSID(C->D) | +-------------+ +-------------+ +-------------+ +------------+ |e-PSID(A->D) | |e-PSID(A->D) | |e-PSID(A->D) | |e-PSID(A->D)||e-PSID(A->D)| |e-PSID(A->D)| |e-PSID(A->D)| +------------+ +------------+ +------------++-------------+ +-------------+ +-------------+ +------------+ ]]></artwork> </figure> </section> </section> <section anchor="Security"> <name>Security Considerations</name> <t>A PSID in SR-MPLS is a local label similar to otherlabels/Segment,labels and segments, such as a VPN label, defined in MPLS and SR-MPLS. The data plane processing of a PSID is a local implementation of an ingressnode,node or an egress node, which follows the same logic of an existing MPLSdataplane.data plane. As per the definition of a PSID, only the egress node and the ingress node of the associated path will learn the information of a PSID. The intermediate nodes of this path will not learn it.</t> <t>A PSID may be used on an ingress node that is not the ingress of the associatedpath,path if the associated label stack with the PSID is part of a deeper label stackwhichthat represents a longer path. Forexampleexample, the case described in <xref target="psid-nesting"/> and the related BSIDisare not used while the original label stack of a sub-path is inserted as a part of the whole label stack. In this case, the PSID must be distributed in a trusted domain under the considerations defined in <xref section="8.1" sectionFormat="of" target="RFC8402"/>.</t> <t>A PSID is used within an SR-MPLS trusted domain <xref target="RFC8402"/> and must not leak outside thedomain, thereforedomain; therefore, no new security threats are introducedcomparingcompared to current SR-MPLS. As per <xref target="RFC8402"/>, SR domain boundary routers <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> filter any external traffic destined to a label associated with a segment within the trusteddomain,domain; this applies to a PSID as well. Other security considerations ofSR-MPLS,SR-MPLS described in <xref section="8.1" sectionFormat="of" target="RFC8402"/>appliesapply to this document.</t> <t>The distribution of a PSID from an egress node to an ingressnodesnode is performed within anSR trustedSR-trusted domain, and it is out of the scope of this document. The details of the mechanism and related security considerations will be described in other documents.</t> </section> <sectionanchor="implementation-status"> <name>Implementation Status</name> <t>[Note to the RFC Editor - remove this section before publication, as well as remove the reference to <xref target="RFC7942"/>.</t> <t>This section records the status of known implementations of the protocol defined by this specification at the time of posting of this Internet-Draft, and is based on a proposal described in <xref target="RFC7942"/>. The description of implementations in this section is intended to assist the IETF in its decision processes in progressing drafts to RFCs. Please note that the listing of any individual implementation here does not imply endorsement by the IETF. Furthermore, no effort has been spent to verify the information presented here that was supplied by IETF contributors. This is not intended as, and must not be construed to be, a catalog of available implementations or their features. Readers are advised to note that other implementations may exist.</t> <t>According to <xref target="RFC7942"/>, "this will allow reviewers and working groups to assign due consideration to documents that have the benefit of running code, which may serve as evidence of valuable experimentation and feedback that have made the implemented protocols more mature. It is up to the individual working groups to use this information as they see fit".</t> <section anchor="huawei-technologies"> <name>Huawei Technologies</name> <ul spacing="normal"> <li> <t>Organization: Huawei Technologies.</t> </li> <li> <t>Implementation: Huawei PTN7900 Series Routers implementation of SR-TP<xref target="HW-IMP"/>.</t> </li> <li> <t>Description: SR-TP is a feature of Huawei PTN7900 series Routers, which uses PSIDs to associate with paths and build up bidirectional paths. Huawei PTN7900 Series Routers with version V100R018C00 and above have commercially implemented the definition of PSID and use cases which is defined in section 2 and Section 3.2 in this document, including all the "<bcp14>MUST</bcp14>" and "<bcp14>SHOULD</bcp14>" clauses, while other use cases for PSID in section 3 are not yet implemented. For control plane, PTN7900 Series Routers support configuring PSID using NETCONF.</t> </li> <li> <t>Maturity Level: Product</t> </li> <li> <t>Coverage: Partial, section 2 and use case section 3.2.</t> </li> <li> <t>Version: Draft-12</t> </li> <li> <t>Licensing: N/A</t> </li> <li> <t>Implementation experience: Nothing specific.</t> </li> <li> <t>Contact: li.fan@huawei.com</t> </li> <li> <t>Last updated: September 14, 2023</t> </li> </ul> </section> <section anchor="zte-corp"> <name>ZTE Corp</name> <ul spacing="normal"> <li> <t>Organization: ZTE Corporation.</t> </li> <li> <t>Implementation: ZTE's SPN implementation of PSID<xref target="ZTE-IMP"/>.</t> </li> <li> <t>Description: The feature of SR-MPLS PSID has been implemented in ZTE SPN products and follows the definition and mechanism as defined in section 2 and Section 3.2 including all the "<bcp14>MUST</bcp14>" and "<bcp14>SHOULD</bcp14>" clauses while other use cases for PSID in section 3 are not yet implemented.</t> </li> <li> <t>Maturity Level: Product</t> </li> <li> <t>Coverage: Partial,section 2 and use case section 3.2.</t> </li> <li> <t>Version: Draft-12</t> </li> <li> <t>Licensing: N/A</t> </li> <li> <t>Implementation experience: Nothing specific.</t> </li> <li> <t>Contact: liu.aihua@zte.com.cn</t> </li> <li> <t>Last updated: September 21, 2023</t> </li> </ul> </section> <section anchor="new-h3c-technologies"> <name>New H3C Technologies</name> <ul spacing="normal"> <li> <t>Organization: New H3C Technologies.</t> </li> <li> <t>Implementation: H3C CR16000, CR19000 series routers implementation of PSID.</t> </li> <li> <t>Description: Section 2 and Section 3.2 including all the "<bcp14>MUST</bcp14>" and "<bcp14>SHOULD</bcp14>" clauses have been implemented in above-mentioned New H3C Products(running Version 7.1.086 and above) for testing, while other use cases for PSID in section 3 are not yet implemented.</t> </li> <li> <t>Maturity Level: Beta</t> </li> <li> <t>Coverage: Partial, section 2 and use case section 3.2.</t> </li> <li> <t>Version: Draft-12</t> </li> <li> <t>Licensing: N/A</t> </li> <li> <t>Implementation experience: Nothing specific.</t> </li> <li> <t>Contact: linchangwang.04414@h3c.com</t> </li> <li> <t>Last updated: September 13, 2023</t> </li> </ul> </section> <section anchor="spirent-communications"> <name>Spirent Communications</name> <ul spacing="normal"> <li> <t>Organization: Spirent Communications</t> </li> <li> <t>Implementation: Spirent Testcenter Product Family implementation of SR-TP test capability<xref target="SP-IMP"/>.</t> </li> <li> <t>Description: Spirent Testcenter product family implements SR-MPLS PSID test capabilities on the versions above Spirent Testcenter 4.85. Spirent Testcenter fully support testing all clauses defined in section 2 and Section 3.1,3.2,3.4 , including all the "<bcp14>MUST</bcp14>" and "<bcp14>SHOULD</bcp14>" clauses, and partially support the test of clauses in section 3.3.</t> </li> <li> <t>Maturity Level: Production</t> </li> <li> <t>Coverage: fully cover section 2 and use case section 3.1,3.2, 3.4, partially cover section 3.3</t> </li> <li> <t>Version: Draft-12</t> </li> <li> <t>Licensing: N/A</t> </li> <li> <t>Implementation experience: Nothing specific.</t> </li> <li> <t>Contact: junqi.zhao@spirent.com</t> </li> <li> <t>Last updated: September 21, 2023</t> </li> </ul> </section> <section anchor="fiberhome"> <name>Fiberhome</name> <ul spacing="normal"> <li> <t>Organization: Fiberhome Corporation.</t> </li> <li> <t>Implementation: Fiberhome SPN series of products (Citrans 650/690E) implementation of PSID<xref target="FH-IMP"/>.</t> </li> <li> <t>Description: SR-TP is a feature of SPN products, which realizes a controllable L3 tunnel, builds the end-to-end L3 deployment business model. The PSID follows the definition and mechanism as defined in section 2 and Section 3.2 including all the "<bcp14>MUST</bcp14>" and "<bcp14>SHOULD</bcp14>" clauses had been implemented, while other use cases for PSID in section 3 are not yet implemented.</t> </li> <li> <t>Maturity Level: Product</t> </li> <li> <t>Coverage: Partial,section 2 and use case section 3.2.</t> </li> <li> <t>Version: Draft-12</t> </li> <li> <t>Licensing: N/A</t> </li> <li> <t>Implementation experience: Nothing specific.</t> </li> <li> <t>Contact: zhhan@fiberhome.com</t> </li> <li> <t>Last updated: September 21, 2023</t> </li> </ul> </section> <section anchor="interoperability-test"> <name>Interoperability Test</name> <t>[Note to the RFC Editor - remove this section before publication, as well as remove the reference to <xref target="RFC7942"/>.</t> <t>The Interoperability test of PSID had been done among products from several vendors, including Huawei(PTN7900, V100R018C00), ZTE(ZXCTN 6180, Ver 4.00.00), FiberHome(Citrans 650/690E) , Spirent (Chassis: SPT-N4U-220.Test. Module: PX3-QSFP28-12-225A. Version: 4.86) and Nokia in 2018<xref target="INTEROP-TEST"/>. Note that PSID is a key feature of Layer3 in SPN architecture <xref target="SPN-L3"/>. This is reported by Weiqiang Cheng from China Mobile at September, 21, 2023.</t> </section> </section> <sectionanchor="IANA"> <name>IANA Considerations</name> <t>This documentdoes not require anyhas no IANA actions.</t> </section> </middle> <back> <displayreference target="I-D.ietf-pce-sr-bidir-path" to="BIDIR-PATH"/> <displayreference target="I-D.ietf-idr-sr-policy-path-segment" to="SR-EXTENSIONS"/> <references> <name>References</name> <references anchor="sec-normative-references"> <name>Normative References</name><reference anchor="RFC8402"> <front> <title>Segment Routing Architecture</title> <author fullname="C. Filsfils" initials="C." role="editor" surname="Filsfils"/> <author fullname="S. Previdi" initials="S." role="editor" surname="Previdi"/> <author fullname="L. Ginsberg" initials="L." surname="Ginsberg"/> <author fullname="B. Decraene" initials="B." surname="Decraene"/> <author fullname="S. Litkowski" initials="S." surname="Litkowski"/> <author fullname="R. Shakir" initials="R." surname="Shakir"/> <date month="July" year="2018"/> <abstract> <t>Segment Routing (SR) leverages the source routing paradigm. A node steers a packet through an ordered list of instructions, called "segments". A segment can represent any instruction, topological or service based. A segment can have a semantic local to an SR node or global within an SR domain. SR provides a mechanism that allows a flow to be restricted to a specific topological path, while maintaining per-flow state only at the ingress node(s) to the SR domain.</t> <t>SR can be directly applied to the MPLS architecture with no change to the forwarding plane. A segment is encoded as an MPLS label. An ordered list of segments is encoded as a stack of labels. The segment to process is on the top of the stack. Upon completion of a segment, the related label is popped from the stack.</t> <t>SR can be applied to the IPv6 architecture, with a new type of routing header. A segment is encoded as an IPv6 address. An ordered list of segments is encoded as an ordered list of IPv6 addresses in the routing header. The active segment is indicated by the Destination Address (DA) of the packet. The next active segment is indicated by a pointer in the new routing header.</t> </abstract> </front> <seriesInfo name="RFC" value="8402"/> <seriesInfo name="DOI" value="10.17487/RFC8402"/> </reference> <reference anchor="RFC8660"> <front> <title>Segment Routing with the MPLS Data Plane</title> <author fullname="A. Bashandy" initials="A." role="editor" surname="Bashandy"/> <author fullname="C. Filsfils" initials="C." role="editor" surname="Filsfils"/> <author fullname="S. Previdi" initials="S." surname="Previdi"/> <author fullname="B. Decraene" initials="B." surname="Decraene"/> <author fullname="S. Litkowski" initials="S." surname="Litkowski"/> <author fullname="R. Shakir" initials="R." surname="Shakir"/> <date month="December" year="2019"/> <abstract> <t>Segment Routing (SR) leverages the source-routing paradigm. A node steers a packet through a controlled set of instructions, called segments, by prepending the packet with an SR header. In the MPLS data plane, the SR header is instantiated through a label stack. This document specifies the forwarding behavior to allow instantiating SR over the MPLS data plane (SR-MPLS).</t> </abstract> </front> <seriesInfo name="RFC" value="8660"/> <seriesInfo name="DOI" value="10.17487/RFC8660"/> </reference> <reference anchor="RFC2119"> <front> <title>Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels</title> <author fullname="S. Bradner" initials="S." surname="Bradner"/> <date month="March" year="1997"/> <abstract> <t>In many standards track documents several words are used to signify the requirements in the specification. These words are often capitalized. This document defines these words as they should be interpreted in IETF documents. This document specifies an Internet Best Current Practices for the Internet Community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements.</t> </abstract> </front> <seriesInfo name="BCP" value="14"/> <seriesInfo name="RFC" value="2119"/> <seriesInfo name="DOI" value="10.17487/RFC2119"/> </reference> <reference anchor="RFC8174"> <front> <title>Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC 2119 Key Words</title> <author fullname="B. Leiba" initials="B." surname="Leiba"/> <date month="May" year="2017"/> <abstract> <t>RFC 2119 specifies common key words that may be used in protocol specifications. This document aims to reduce the ambiguity by clarifying that only UPPERCASE usage of the key words have the defined special meanings.</t> </abstract> </front> <seriesInfo name="BCP" value="14"/> <seriesInfo name="RFC" value="8174"/> <seriesInfo name="DOI" value="10.17487/RFC8174"/> </reference><xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.8402.xml"/> <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.8660.xml"/> <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.2119.xml"/> <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.8174.xml"/> </references> <references anchor="sec-informative-references"> <name>Informative References</name><reference anchor="RFC4426"> <front> <title>Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) Recovery Functional Specification</title> <author fullname="J. Lang" initials="J." role="editor" surname="Lang"/> <author fullname="B. Rajagopalan" initials="B." role="editor" surname="Rajagopalan"/> <author fullname="D. Papadimitriou" initials="D." role="editor" surname="Papadimitriou"/> <date month="March" year="2006"/> <abstract> <t>This document presents a functional description of the protocol extensions needed to support Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS)-based recovery (i.e., protection and restoration). Protocol specific formats and mechanisms will be described in companion documents. [STANDARDS-TRACK]</t> </abstract> </front> <seriesInfo name="RFC" value="4426"/> <seriesInfo name="DOI" value="10.17487/RFC4426"/> </reference> <reference anchor="RFC5586"> <front> <title>MPLS Generic Associated Channel</title> <author fullname="M. Bocci" initials="M." role="editor" surname="Bocci"/> <author fullname="M. Vigoureux" initials="M." role="editor" surname="Vigoureux"/> <author fullname="S. Bryant" initials="S." role="editor" surname="Bryant"/> <date month="June" year="2009"/> <abstract> <t>This document generalizes the applicability of the pseudowire (PW) Associated Channel Header (ACH), enabling the realization of a control channel associated to MPLS Label Switched Paths (LSPs) and MPLS Sections in addition to MPLS pseudowires. In order to identify the presence of this Associated Channel Header in the label stack, this document also assigns one of the reserved MPLS label values to the Generic Associated Channel Label (GAL), to be used as a label based exception mechanism.</t> </abstract> </front> <seriesInfo name="RFC" value="5586"/> <seriesInfo name="DOI" value="10.17487/RFC5586"/> </reference> <reference anchor="RFC5654"> <front> <title>Requirements of an MPLS Transport Profile</title> <author fullname="B. Niven-Jenkins" initials="B." role="editor" surname="Niven-Jenkins"/> <author fullname="D. Brungard" initials="D." role="editor" surname="Brungard"/> <author fullname="M. Betts" initials="M." role="editor" surname="Betts"/> <author fullname="N. Sprecher" initials="N." surname="Sprecher"/> <author fullname="S. Ueno" initials="S." surname="Ueno"/> <date month="September" year="2009"/> <abstract> <t>This document specifies the requirements of an MPLS Transport Profile (MPLS-TP). This document is a product of a joint effort of the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) and IETF to include an MPLS Transport Profile within the IETF MPLS and PWE3 architectures to support the capabilities and functionalities of a packet transport network as defined by International Telecommunications Union - Telecommunications Standardization Sector (ITU-T).</t> <t>This work is based on two sources of requirements: MPLS and PWE3 architectures as defined by IETF, and packet transport networks as defined by ITU-T.</t> <t>The requirements expressed in this document are for the behavior of the protocol mechanisms and procedures that constitute building blocks out of which the MPLS Transport Profile is constructed. The requirements are not implementation requirements. [STANDARDS-TRACK]</t> </abstract> </front> <seriesInfo name="RFC" value="5654"/> <seriesInfo name="DOI" value="10.17487/RFC5654"/> </reference> <reference anchor="RFC6790"> <front> <title>The Use of Entropy Labels in MPLS Forwarding</title> <author fullname="K. Kompella" initials="K." surname="Kompella"/> <author fullname="J. Drake" initials="J." surname="Drake"/> <author fullname="S. Amante" initials="S." surname="Amante"/> <author fullname="W. Henderickx" initials="W." surname="Henderickx"/> <author fullname="L. Yong" initials="L." surname="Yong"/> <date month="November" year="2012"/> <abstract> <t>Load balancing is a powerful tool for engineering traffic across a network. This memo suggests ways of improving load balancing across MPLS networks using the concept of "entropy labels". It defines the concept, describes why entropy labels are useful, enumerates properties of entropy labels that allow maximal benefit, and shows how they can be signaled and used for various applications. This document updates RFCs 3031, 3107, 3209, and 5036. [STANDARDS-TRACK]</t> </abstract> </front> <seriesInfo name="RFC" value="6790"/> <seriesInfo name="DOI" value="10.17487/RFC6790"/> </reference> <reference anchor="RFC6965"> <front> <title>MPLS Transport Profile (MPLS-TP) Applicability: Use Cases and Design</title> <author fullname="L. Fang" initials="L." role="editor" surname="Fang"/> <author fullname="N. Bitar" initials="N." surname="Bitar"/> <author fullname="R. Zhang" initials="R." surname="Zhang"/> <author fullname="M. Daikoku" initials="M." surname="Daikoku"/> <author fullname="P. Pan" initials="P." surname="Pan"/> <date month="August" year="2013"/> <abstract> <t>This document describes the applicability of the MPLS Transport Profile (MPLS-TP) with use case studies and network design considerations. The use cases include Metro Ethernet access and aggregation transport, mobile backhaul, and packet optical transport.</t> </abstract> </front> <seriesInfo name="RFC" value="6965"/> <seriesInfo name="DOI" value="10.17487/RFC6965"/> </reference> <reference anchor="RFC8664"> <front> <title>Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) Extensions for Segment Routing</title> <author fullname="S. Sivabalan" initials="S." surname="Sivabalan"/> <author fullname="C. Filsfils" initials="C." surname="Filsfils"/> <author fullname="J. Tantsura" initials="J." surname="Tantsura"/> <author fullname="W. Henderickx" initials="W." surname="Henderickx"/> <author fullname="J. Hardwick" initials="J." surname="Hardwick"/> <date month="December" year="2019"/> <abstract> <t>Segment Routing (SR) enables any head-end node to select any path without relying on a hop-by-hop signaling technique (e.g., LDP or RSVP-TE). It depends only on "segments" that are advertised by link-state Interior Gateway Protocols (IGPs). An SR path can be derived from a variety of mechanisms, including an IGP Shortest Path Tree (SPT), an explicit configuration, or a Path Computation Element (PCE). This document specifies extensions to the Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) that allow a stateful PCE to compute and initiate Traffic-Engineering (TE) paths, as well as a Path Computation Client (PCC) to request a path subject to certain constraints and optimization criteria in SR networks.</t> <t>This document updates RFC 8408.</t> </abstract> </front> <seriesInfo name="RFC" value="8664"/> <seriesInfo name="DOI" value="10.17487/RFC8664"/> </reference> <reference anchor="RFC7799"> <front> <title>Active and Passive Metrics and Methods (with Hybrid Types In-Between)</title> <author fullname="A. Morton" initials="A." surname="Morton"/> <date month="May" year="2016"/> <abstract> <t>This memo provides clear definitions for Active and Passive performance assessment. The construction of Metrics and Methods can be described as either "Active" or "Passive". Some methods may use a subset of both Active and Passive attributes, and we refer to these as "Hybrid Methods". This memo also describes multiple dimensions to help evaluate new methods as they emerge.</t> </abstract> </front> <seriesInfo name="RFC" value="7799"/> <seriesInfo name="DOI" value="10.17487/RFC7799"/> </reference> <reference anchor="RFC7942"> <front> <title>Improving Awareness of Running Code: The Implementation Status Section</title> <author fullname="Y. Sheffer" initials="Y." surname="Sheffer"/> <author fullname="A. Farrel" initials="A." surname="Farrel"/> <date month="July" year="2016"/> <abstract> <t>This document describes a simple process that allows authors of Internet-Drafts to record the status of known implementations by including an Implementation Status section. This will allow reviewers and working groups to assign due consideration to documents that have the benefit of running code, which may serve as evidence of valuable experimentation and feedback that have made the implemented protocols more mature.</t> <t>This process is not mandatory. Authors of Internet-Drafts are encouraged to consider using the process for their documents, and working groups are invited to think about applying the process to all of their protocol specifications. This document obsoletes RFC 6982, advancing it to a Best Current Practice.</t> </abstract> </front> <seriesInfo name="BCP" value="205"/> <seriesInfo name="RFC" value="7942"/> <seriesInfo name="DOI" value="10.17487/RFC7942"/> </reference> <reference anchor="RFC8957"> <front> <title>Synonymous Flow Label Framework</title> <author fullname="S. Bryant" initials="S." surname="Bryant"/> <author fullname="M. Chen" initials="M." surname="Chen"/> <author fullname="G. Swallow" initials="G." surname="Swallow"/> <author fullname="S. Sivabalan" initials="S." surname="Sivabalan"/> <author fullname="G. Mirsky" initials="G." surname="Mirsky"/> <date month="January" year="2021"/> <abstract> <t>RFC 8372 ("MPLS Flow Identification Considerations") describes the requirement for introducing flow identities within the MPLS architecture. This document describes a method of accomplishing this by using a technique called "Synonymous Flow Labels" in which labels that mimic the behavior of other labels provide the identification service. These identifiers can be used to trigger per-flow operations on the packet at the receiving label switching router.</t> </abstract> </front> <seriesInfo name="RFC" value="8957"/> <seriesInfo name="DOI" value="10.17487/RFC8957"/> </reference> <reference anchor="RFC8491"> <front> <title>Signaling Maximum SID Depth (MSD) Using IS-IS</title> <author fullname="J. Tantsura" initials="J." surname="Tantsura"/> <author fullname="U. Chunduri" initials="U." surname="Chunduri"/> <author fullname="S. Aldrin" initials="S." surname="Aldrin"/> <author fullname="L. Ginsberg" initials="L." surname="Ginsberg"/> <date month="November" year="2018"/> <abstract> <t>This document defines a way for an Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS) router to advertise multiple types of supported Maximum SID Depths (MSDs) at node and/or link granularity. Such advertisements allow entities (e.g., centralized controllers) to determine whether a particular Segment ID (SID) stack can be supported in a given network. This document only defines one type of MSD: Base MPLS Imposition. However, it defines an encoding that can support other MSD types. This document focuses on MSD use in a network that is Segment Routing (SR) enabled, but MSD may also be useful when SR is not enabled.</t> </abstract> </front> <seriesInfo name="RFC" value="8491"/> <seriesInfo name="DOI" value="10.17487/RFC8491"/> </reference> <reference anchor="RFC9197"> <front> <title>Data Fields for In Situ Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (IOAM)</title> <author fullname="F. Brockners" initials="F." role="editor" surname="Brockners"/> <author fullname="S. Bhandari" initials="S." role="editor" surname="Bhandari"/> <author fullname="T. Mizrahi" initials="T." role="editor" surname="Mizrahi"/> <date month="May" year="2022"/> <abstract> <t>In situ Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (IOAM) collects operational and telemetry information in the packet while the packet traverses a path between two points in the network. This document discusses the data fields and associated data types for IOAM. IOAM-Data-Fields can be encapsulated into a variety of protocols, such as Network Service Header (NSH), Segment Routing, Generic Network Virtualization Encapsulation (Geneve), or IPv6. IOAM can be used to complement OAM mechanisms based on, e.g., ICMP or other types of probe packets.</t> </abstract> </front> <seriesInfo name="RFC" value="9197"/> <seriesInfo name="DOI" value="10.17487/RFC9197"/> </reference> <reference anchor="I-D.ietf-pce-sr-bidir-path"> <front> <title>Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) Extensions for Associated Bidirectional Segment Routing (SR) Paths</title> <author fullname="Cheng Li" initials="C." surname="Li"> <organization>Huawei Technologies</organization> </author> <author fullname="Mach Chen" initials="M." surname="Chen"> <organization>Huawei Technologies</organization> </author> <author fullname="Weiqiang Cheng" initials="W." surname="Cheng"> <organization>China Mobile</organization> </author> <author fullname="Rakesh Gandhi" initials="R." surname="Gandhi"> <organization>Cisco Systems, Inc.</organization> </author> <author fullname="Quan Xiong" initials="Q." surname="Xiong"> <organization>ZTE Corporation</organization> </author> <date day="9" month="September" year="2023"/> <abstract> <t> The Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) provides mechanisms for Path Computation Elements (PCEs) to perform path computations in response to Path Computation Clients (PCCs) requests. Segment routing (SR) leverages the source routing and tunneling paradigms. The Stateful PCEP extensions allow stateful control of Segment Routing Traffic Engineering (TE) Paths. Furthermore, PCEP can be used for computing SR TE paths in the network. This document defines PCEP extensions for grouping two unidirectional SR Paths (one in each direction in the network) into a single associated bidirectional SR Path. The mechanisms defined in this document can also be applied using a stateful PCE for both PCE- initiated and PCC-initiated LSPs or when using a stateless PCE. </t> </abstract> </front> <seriesInfo name="Internet-Draft" value="draft-ietf-pce-sr-bidir-path-12"/> </reference> <reference anchor="I-D.ietf-idr-sr-policy-path-segment"> <front> <title>SR Policy Extensions for Path Segment and Bidirectional Path</title> <author fullname="Cheng Li" initials="C." surname="Li"> <organization>Huawei Technologies</organization> </author> <author fullname="Zhenbin Li" initials="Z." surname="Li"> <organization>Huawei Technologies</organization> </author> <author fullname="Yuanyang Yin" initials="Y." surname="Yin"> <organization>China Telecom</organization> </author> <author fullname="Weiqiang Cheng" initials="W." surname="Cheng"> <organization>China Mobile</organization> </author> <author fullname="Ketan Talaulikar" initials="K." surname="Talaulikar"> <organization>Cisco Systems</organization> </author> <date day="16" month="August" year="2023"/> <abstract> <t> A Segment Routing (SR) policy is a set of candidate SR paths consisting of one or more segment lists with necessary path attributes. For each SR path, it may also have its own path attributes, and Path Segment is one of them. A Path Segment is defined to identify an SR path, which can be used for performance measurement, path correlation, and end-2-end path protection. Path Segment can be also used to correlate two unidirectional SR paths into a bidirectional SR path which is required in some scenarios, for example, mobile backhaul transport network. This document defines extensions to BGP to distribute SR policies carrying Path Segment and bidirectional path information. </t> </abstract> </front> <seriesInfo name="Internet-Draft" value="draft-ietf-idr-sr-policy-path-segment-08"/> </reference> <reference anchor="HW-IMP" target="https://carrier.huawei.com/en/products/fixed-network/carrier-ip/router/ptn/ptn7900"> <front> <title>Huawei PTN7900 Routers</title> <author> <organization/> </author> <date year="2021" month="September" day="21"/> </front> </reference> <reference anchor="ZTE-IMP" target="https://www.zte.com.cn/china/product_index/ip_network/item01/zxctn-6700/zxctn_6700.html"> <front> <title>ZTE ZXCTN-6700 Routers</title> <author> <organization/> </author> <date year="2021" month="September" day="21"/> </front> </reference> <reference anchor="FH-IMP" target="https://www.fiberhome.com/operator/product/products/294.aspx.html"> <front> <title>Fiberhome Routers</title> <author> <organization/> </author> <date year="2021" month="September" day="21"/> </front> </reference> <reference anchor="SP-IMP" target="https://www.spirent.com/assets/u/flexe-test-solution-for-5g-backhaul"> <front> <title>Spirent Devices</title> <author> <organization/> </author> <date year="2021" month="September" day="21"/> </front> </reference> <reference anchor="INTEROP-TEST" target="http://www.cww.net.cn/web/news/channel/articleinfo.action?id=452789"> <front> <title>Adhering to Innovation-Driven Development and Focusing on Technological Breakthroughs--China Mobile Research Institute Accelerates 5G R&D and Tests</title> <author> <organization>China Mobile</organization> </author> <date year="2019" month="May" day="30"/> </front> </reference> <reference anchor="SPN-L3" target="https://opennetworking.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/The-transport-network-consi-deration-for-5G-in-CMCC.pdf"> <front> <title>The-transport-network-consi-deration-for-5G-in-CMCC</title> <author> <organization>China Mobile</organization> </author> <date year="2018" month="December" day="01"/> </front> </reference><xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.4426.xml"/> <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.5586.xml"/> <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.5654.xml"/> <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.6790.xml"/> <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.6965.xml"/> <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.8664.xml"/> <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.7799.xml"/> <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.8957.xml"/> <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.8491.xml"/> <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.9197.xml"/> <!-- [I-D.ietf-pce-sr-bidir-path] IESG State: I-D Exists--> <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml3/reference.I-D.ietf-pce-sr-bidir-path.xml"/> <!-- [I-D.ietf-idr-sr-policy-path-segment] IESG State: I-D Exists--> <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml3/reference.I-D.ietf-idr-sr-policy-path-segment.xml"/> </references> </references><?line 505?><section numbered="false" anchor="Acknowledgements"> <name>Acknowledgements</name> <t>The authors would like to thankAdrian Farrel, Stewart Bryant, Shuangping Zhan, Alexander Vainshtein, Andrew<contact fullname="Adrian Farrel"/>, <contact fullname="Stewart Bryant"/>, <contact fullname="Shuangping Zhan"/>, <contact fullname="Alexander Vainshtein"/>, <contact fullname="Andrew G.Malis, Ketan Talaulikar, Shraddha Hegde, Xinyue Zhang, Loa AnderssonMalis"/>, <contact fullname="Ketan Talaulikar"/>, <contact fullname="Shraddha Hegde"/>, <contact fullname="Xinyue Zhang"/>, <contact fullname="Loa Andersson"/>, andBruno Decraene<contact fullname="Bruno Decraene"/> for their review, suggestions,commentscomments, and contributions to this document.</t> <t>The authors would like to acknowledge the contribution fromAlexander Vainshtein<contact fullname="Alexander Vainshtein"/> on "Nesting ofPSIDs".</t>PSIDs" (<xref target="psid-nesting"/>).</t> </section> <section anchor="contributors" numbered="false" toc="include" removeInRFC="false"> <name>Contributors</name><?line 518?><t>The following people have substantially contributed to this document.</t> <contact initials="M." surname="Chen" fullname="Mach(Guoyi) Chen"> <organization>Huawei Technologies Co.,Ltd</organization>Ltd.</organization> <address> <email>mach.chen@huawei.com</email> </address> </contact> <contact initials="L." surname="Wang" fullname="Lei Wang"> <organization>China Mobile</organization> <address> <email>wangleiyj@chinamobile.com</email> </address> </contact> <contact initials="A." surname="Liu" fullname="Aihua Liu"> <organization>ZTECorp</organization>Corp.</organization> <address> <email>liu.aihua@zte.com.cn</email> </address> </contact> <contact initials="G." surname="Mirsky" fullname="Greg Mirsky"> <organization>ZTECorp</organization>Corp.</organization> <address> <email>gregimirsky@gmail.com</email> </address> </contact> <contact initials="G. S." surname="Mishra" fullname="Gyan S. Mishra"> <organization>Verizon Inc.</organization> <address> <email>gyan.s.mishra@verizon.com</email> </address> </contact> </section> </back><!-- ##markdown-source: H4sIAAAAAAAAA908bXPbNprfPeP/gEtnbu2uSFuOncSebjd+TTxnO17LbXe7 vdmBSEhCQ5EqQcZW3PS33G+5X3bPCwCClBQn3cztzWWmtUQBD4Dn/Y2Iomh9 7d2BeLq+lhZJLqfqQKSlHFWRVtUoMrNS5+NoOstMNJPVJDJqPFV5Fe3srK8l sjoQpkrX10xVKjk9EOent2fwvMiNyk1tDkRV1mp9baYP1teEqIrkQPxhrswf 7LdiOpNJ1X6Wqlk1gUdP3QOdp7BgMMjMp6UamfBJUVadRwAb9xk+0nmmc9Ue 01nf1MPmYV7As0pXGcy5hrOLAZ9dnOOG9EirEmCKy+uLgTiSRqV+wE1RV4A2 caWqu6J8u74mh8NSAZavB+cnOGdwE+E0+AHwduDHH8K39bW78YEYXN+cX70S P8Bs/OFVWdQzoJCsYC872ztPo34/erq9vgYQ6mpSlIDfSDD1flD6Fy1h0vFE 5WM8VVECxOOJzqW4LIY6U/iwLPBcKtVVUeJ3NZU6OxAJTrqzIF4mOGlKc2JA TLPIa5mLC70SuAWW6YnMVwOhDVow3e0Q2Ne1hK2IW5VM8iIrxloZpludV+Xc LhtuPs5eTmhOe6Eb+VaZiXgl83QSbFqbpBCDuanU1PTEeZ7Ebegyl2kIvhwT gJcJTuysUMy1+FGPM9Xs/qgsZEqjGggwLH5Pw14O7c8MiKSmKvWwrlrUvJTJ ZONVDfM2CV8fw404LuKeuECB9CtOYX6MRF2KmAuA8IP8CJdYKHcwJlN6/vNq 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