rfc9546.original | rfc9546.txt | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
DetNet Working Group G. Mirsky | Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) G. Mirsky | |||
Internet-Draft Ericsson | Request for Comments: 9546 Ericsson | |||
Intended status: Standards Track M. Chen | Category: Standards Track M. Chen | |||
Expires: 15 July 2024 Huawei | ISSN: 2070-1721 Huawei | |||
B. Varga | B. Varga | |||
Ericsson | Ericsson | |||
12 January 2024 | February 2024 | |||
Operations, Administration and Maintenance (OAM) for Deterministic | Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) for Deterministic | |||
Networks (DetNet) with MPLS Data Plane | Networking (DetNet) with the MPLS Data Plane | |||
draft-ietf-detnet-mpls-oam-15 | ||||
Abstract | Abstract | |||
This document defines format and usage principles of the | This document defines format and usage principles of the | |||
Deterministic Network (DetNet) service Associated Channel over a | Deterministic Networking (DetNet) service Associated Channel over a | |||
DetNet network with the MPLS data plane. The DetNet service | DetNet network with the MPLS data plane. The DetNet service | |||
Associated Channel can be used to carry test packets of active | Associated Channel can be used to carry test packets of active | |||
Operations, Administration, and Maintenance protocols that are used | Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) protocols that are | |||
to detect DetNet failures and measure performance metrics. | used to detect DetNet failures and measure performance metrics. | |||
Status of This Memo | Status of This Memo | |||
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the | This is an Internet Standards Track document. | |||
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. | ||||
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering | ||||
Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute | ||||
working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet- | ||||
Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/. | ||||
Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months | This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force | |||
and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any | (IETF). It represents the consensus of the IETF community. It has | |||
time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference | received public review and has been approved for publication by the | |||
material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." | Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Further information on | |||
Internet Standards is available in Section 2 of RFC 7841. | ||||
This Internet-Draft will expire on 15 July 2024. | Information about the current status of this document, any errata, | |||
and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at | ||||
https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9546. | ||||
Copyright Notice | Copyright Notice | |||
Copyright (c) 2024 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the | Copyright (c) 2024 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the | |||
document authors. All rights reserved. | document authors. All rights reserved. | |||
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal | This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal | |||
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/ | Provisions Relating to IETF Documents | |||
license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. | (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of | |||
Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights | publication of this document. Please review these documents | |||
and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components | carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect | |||
extracted from this document must include Revised BSD License text as | to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must | |||
described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are | include Revised BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the | |||
provided without warranty as described in the Revised BSD License. | Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described | |||
in the Revised BSD License. | ||||
Table of Contents | Table of Contents | |||
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 | 1. Introduction | |||
2. Conventions used in this document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 | 2. Conventions Used in This Document | |||
2.1. Terminology and Acronyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 | 2.1. Terminology and Acronyms | |||
2.2. Keywords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 | 2.2. Key Words | |||
3. Active OAM for DetNet Networks with MPLS Data Plane . . . . . 4 | 3. Active OAM for DetNet Networks with the MPLS Data Plane | |||
3.1. DetNet Active OAM Encapsulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 | 3.1. DetNet Active OAM Encapsulation | |||
3.2. DetNet Packet Replication, Elimination, and Ordering | 3.2. DetNet PREOF Interaction with Active OAM | |||
Functions Interaction with Active OAM . . . . . . . . . . 7 | 4. OAM Interworking Models | |||
4. OAM Interworking Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 | 4.1. OAM of DetNet MPLS Interworking with OAM of TSN | |||
4.1. OAM of DetNet MPLS Interworking with OAM of TSN . . . . . 8 | 4.2. OAM of DetNet MPLS Interworking with OAM of DetNet IP | |||
4.2. OAM of DetNet MPLS Interworking with OAM of DetNet IP . . 9 | 5. IANA Considerations | |||
5. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 | 5.1. DetNet Associated Channel Header (d-ACH) Flags Registry | |||
5.1. DetNet Associated Channel Header Flags Registry . . . . . 10 | 6. Security Considerations | |||
6. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 | 7. References | |||
7. Acknowledgment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 | 7.1. Normative References | |||
8. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 | 7.2. Informative References | |||
8.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 | Acknowledgments | |||
8.2. Informational References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 | Authors' Addresses | |||
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 | ||||
1. Introduction | 1. Introduction | |||
[RFC8655] introduces and explains Deterministic Networks (DetNet) | [RFC8655] introduces and explains Deterministic Networking (DetNet) | |||
architecture and how the Packet Replication, Elimination, and | architecture and how the Packet Replication, Elimination, and | |||
Ordering functions (PREOF) can be used to ensure a low packet drop | Ordering Functions (PREOF) can be used to ensure a low packet drop | |||
ratio in a DetNet domain. | ratio in a DetNet domain. | |||
Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) protocols are used | Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) protocols are used | |||
to detect and localize network defects, and to monitor network | to detect and localize network defects and to monitor network | |||
performance. Some OAM functions (e.g., failure detection) are | performance. Some OAM functions (e.g., failure detection) are | |||
usually performed proactively in the network, while others (e.g., | usually performed proactively in the network, while others (e.g., | |||
defect localization) are typically performed on demand. These tasks | defect localization) are typically performed on demand. These tasks | |||
can be achieved through a combination of active and hybrid OAM | can be achieved through a combination of active and hybrid OAM | |||
methods, as classified in [RFC7799]. This document presents a format | methods, as classified in [RFC7799]. This document presents a format | |||
for active OAM in DetNet networks with MPLS data plane. | for active OAM in DetNet networks with the MPLS data plane. | |||
Also, this document defines format and usage principles of the DetNet | Also, this document defines format and usage principles of the DetNet | |||
service Associated Channel over a DetNet network with the MPLS data | service Associated Channel over a DetNet network with the MPLS data | |||
plane [RFC8964]. | plane [RFC8964]. | |||
2. Conventions used in this document | 2. Conventions Used in This Document | |||
2.1. Terminology and Acronyms | 2.1. Terminology and Acronyms | |||
The term "DetNet OAM" is used in this document interchangeably with | The term "DetNet OAM" in this document is used interchangeably with a | |||
longer version "set of OAM protocols, methods and tools for | "set of OAM protocols, methods, and tools for Deterministic | |||
Deterministic Networks". | Networking". | |||
DetNet Deterministic Network | BFD: Bidirectional Forwarding Detection | |||
d-ACH DetNet Associated Channel Header | CFM: Connectivity Fault Management | |||
OAM Operations, Administration, and Maintenance | d-ACH: DetNet Associated Channel Header | |||
PREOF Packet Replication, Elimination, and Ordering Functions | DetNet: Deterministic Networking | |||
PW Pseudowire | DetNet Node: A node that is an actor in the DetNet domain. Examples | |||
of DetNet nodes include DetNet domain edge nodes and DetNet nodes | ||||
that perform PREOF within the DetNet domain. | ||||
E2E End-to-end | E2E: End to end | |||
BFD Bidirectional Forwarding Detection | F-Label: A DetNet "forwarding" label. The F-Label identifies the | |||
Label Switched Path (LSP) used to forward a DetNet flow across an | ||||
MPLS Packet Switched Network (PSN), e.g., a hop-by-hop label used | ||||
between label switching routers. | ||||
TSN IEEE 802.1 Time-Sensitive Networking | OAM: Operations, Administration, and Maintenance | |||
CFM Connectivity Fault Management | PREOF: Packet Replication, Elimination, and Ordering Functions | |||
F-Label - a DetNet "forwarding" label. The F-Label identifies the | PW: Pseudowire | |||
LSP used to forward a DetNet flow across an MPLS PSN, e.g., a hop-by- | ||||
hop label used between label switching routers. | ||||
S-Label - a DetNet "service" label. An S-Label is used between | S-Label: A DetNet "service" label. An S-Label is used between | |||
DetNet nodes that implement the DetNet service sub-layer functions. | DetNet nodes that implement the DetNet service sub-layer | |||
An S-Label is also used to identify a DetNet flow at DetNet service | functions. An S-Label is also used to identify a DetNet flow at | |||
sub-layer. | the DetNet service sub-layer. | |||
Underlay Network or Underlay Layer - the network that provides | TSN: Time-Sensitive Networking | |||
connectivity between the DetNet nodes. One example of an underlay | ||||
layer is an MPLS network that provides Label Switched Path (LSP) | ||||
connectivity between DetNet nodes. | ||||
DetNet Node - a node that is an actor in the DetNet domain. Examples | Underlay Network or Underlay Layer: The network that provides | |||
of DetNet nodes include DetNet domain Edge nodes, and DetNet nodes | connectivity between the DetNet nodes. One example of an underlay | |||
that perform PREOF within the DetNet domain. | layer is an MPLS network that provides LSP connectivity between | |||
DetNet nodes. | ||||
2.2. Keywords | 2.2. Key Words | |||
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", | The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", | |||
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and | "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and | |||
"OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP | "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in | |||
14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all | BCP 14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all | |||
capitals, as shown here. | capitals, as shown here. | |||
3. Active OAM for DetNet Networks with MPLS Data Plane | 3. Active OAM for DetNet Networks with the MPLS Data Plane | |||
OAM protocols and mechanisms act within the data plane of the | OAM protocols and mechanisms act within the data plane of the | |||
particular networking layer, thus it is critical that the data plane | particular networking layer; thus, it is critical that the data plane | |||
encapsulation supports OAM mechanisms that comply with the OAM | encapsulation supports OAM mechanisms that comply with the OAM | |||
requirements listed in [I-D.ietf-detnet-oam-framework]. | requirements listed in [OAM-FRAMEWORK]. | |||
Operation of a DetNet data plane with an MPLS underlay network is | Operation of a DetNet data plane with an MPLS underlay network is | |||
specified in [RFC8964]. Within the MPLS underlay network, DetNet | specified in [RFC8964]. Within the MPLS underlay network, DetNet | |||
flows are to be encapsulated analogous to pseudowires as specified in | flows are to be encapsulated analogous to pseudowires (PWs) as | |||
[RFC3985], [RFC4385]. For reference, the Generic Pseudowire (PW) | specified in [RFC3985] and [RFC4385]. For reference, the Generic PW | |||
MPLS Control Word (as defined in [RFC4385] and used with DetNet) is | MPLS Control Word (as defined in [RFC4385] and used with DetNet) is | |||
reproduced in Figure 1. | reproduced in Figure 1. | |||
0 1 2 3 | 0 1 2 3 | |||
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 | 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 | |||
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | |||
|0 0 0 0| Sequence Number | | |0 0 0 0| Sequence Number | | |||
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | |||
Figure 1: DetNet Control Word Format | Figure 1: Generic PW MPLS Control Word Format | |||
PREOF in the DetNet domain is composed of a combination of nodes that | PREOF in the DetNet domain is composed of a combination of nodes that | |||
perform replication and elimination functions. The Elimination sub- | perform replication and elimination functions. The Elimination sub- | |||
function always uses the S-Label in conjunction with the packet | function always uses the S-Label in conjunction with the packet | |||
sequencing information (i.e., the Sequence Number encoded in the | sequencing information (i.e., the Sequence Number encoded in the | |||
DetNet Control Word). The Replication sub-function uses the S-Label | DetNet Control Word). The Replication sub-function uses the S-Label | |||
information only. | information only. | |||
3.1. DetNet Active OAM Encapsulation | 3.1. DetNet Active OAM Encapsulation | |||
DetNet OAM, like PW OAM, uses the PW Associated Channel Header | DetNet OAM, like PW OAM, uses the PW Associated Channel Header | |||
defined in [RFC4385]. At the same time, a DetNet PW can be viewed as | defined in [RFC4385]. At the same time, a DetNet PW can be viewed as | |||
a Multi-Segment PW, where DetNet service sub-layer functions are at | a Multi-Segment PW, where DetNet service sub-layer functions are at | |||
the segment endpoints. However, DetNet service sub-layer functions | the segment endpoints. However, DetNet service sub-layer functions | |||
operate per packet level (not per segment). These per-packet level | operate per packet level (not per segment). These per-packet level | |||
characteristics of PREOF require additional fields for proper OAM | characteristics of PREOF require additional fields for proper OAM | |||
packet processing. Encapsulation of a DetNet MPLS [RFC8964] active | packet processing. MPLS encapsulation [RFC8964] of a DetNet active | |||
OAM packet is shown in Figure 2. | OAM packet is shown in Figure 2. | |||
+---------------------------------+ | +---------------------------------+ | |||
| | | | | | |||
| DetNet OAM Packet | | | DetNet OAM Packet | | |||
| | | | | | |||
+---------------------------------+ <--\ | +---------------------------------+ <--\ | |||
| DetNet Associated Channel Header| | | | DetNet Associated Channel Header| | | |||
+---------------------------------+ +--> DetNet active OAM | +---------------------------------+ +--> DetNet active OAM | |||
| S-Label | | MPLS encapsulation | | S-Label | | MPLS encapsulation | |||
+---------------------------------+ | | +---------------------------------+ | | |||
| [ F-Label(s) ] | | | | [ F-Label(s) ] | | | |||
+---------------------------------+ <--/ | +---------------------------------+ <--/ | |||
| Data-Link | | | Data-Link | | |||
+---------------------------------+ | +---------------------------------+ | |||
| Physical | | | Physical | | |||
+---------------------------------+ | +---------------------------------+ | |||
Figure 2: DetNet Active OAM Packet Encapsulation in MPLS Data Plane | Figure 2: DetNet Active OAM Packet Encapsulation in the MPLS Data | |||
Plane | ||||
Figure 3 displays encapsulation of a test packet of an active DetNet | Figure 3 displays encapsulation of a test packet for a DetNet active | |||
OAM protocol in case of MPLS-over-UDP/IP [RFC9025]. | OAM protocol in case of MPLS over UDP/IP [RFC9025]. | |||
+---------------------------------+ | +---------------------------------+ | |||
| | | | | | |||
| DetNet OAM Packet | | | DetNet OAM Packet | | |||
| | | | | | |||
+---------------------------------+ <--\ | +---------------------------------+ <--\ | |||
| DetNet Associated Channel Header| | | | DetNet Associated Channel Header| | | |||
+---------------------------------+ +--> DetNet active OAM | +---------------------------------+ +--> DetNet active OAM | |||
| S-Label | | MPLS encapsulation | | S-Label | | MPLS encapsulation | |||
+---------------------------------+ | | +---------------------------------+ | | |||
skipping to change at page 5, line 47 ¶ | skipping to change at line 227 ¶ | |||
+---------------------------------+ <--+ | +---------------------------------+ <--+ | |||
| UDP Header | | | | UDP Header | | | |||
+---------------------------------+ +--> DetNet data plane | +---------------------------------+ +--> DetNet data plane | |||
| IP Header | | IP encapsulation | | IP Header | | IP encapsulation | |||
+---------------------------------+ <--/ | +---------------------------------+ <--/ | |||
| Data-Link | | | Data-Link | | |||
+---------------------------------+ | +---------------------------------+ | |||
| Physical | | | Physical | | |||
+---------------------------------+ | +---------------------------------+ | |||
Figure 3: DetNet Active OAM Packet Encapsulation in MPLS-over-UDP/IP | Figure 3: DetNet Active OAM Packet Encapsulation in MPLS over UDP/IP | |||
Figure 4 displays the format of the DetNet Associated Channel Header | Figure 4 displays the format of the DetNet Associated Channel Header | |||
(d-ACH). | (d-ACH). | |||
0 1 2 3 | 0 1 2 3 | |||
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 | 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 | |||
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | |||
|0 0 0 1|Version|Sequence Number| Channel Type | | |0 0 0 1|Version|Sequence Number| Channel Type | | |||
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | |||
| Node ID |Level| Flags |Session| | | Node ID |Level| Flags |Session| | |||
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | |||
Figure 4: d-ACH Format | Figure 4: d-ACH Format | |||
The d-ACH encodes the following fields: | The d-ACH encodes the following fields: | |||
Bits 0..3: These MUST be 0b0001. This allows the packet to be | ||||
distinguished from an IP packet [RFC4928] and from a DetNet | ||||
data packet [RFC8964]. | ||||
Bits 0..3 MUST be 0b0001. This allows the packet to be | Version: A 4-bit field. This document specifies version 0. | |||
distinguished from an IP packet [RFC4928] and from a DetNet data | ||||
packet [RFC8964]. | ||||
Version - a 4-bit field. This document specifies version 0. | ||||
Sequence Number - is an unsigned circular 8-bit field. Because a | Sequence Number: An unsigned circular 8-bit field. Because a | |||
test packet of DetNet active OAM includes d-ACH, Section 4.2.1 of | DetNet active OAM test packet includes d-ACH, Section 4.2.1 of | |||
[RFC8964] does not apply to handling the Sequence Number field in | [RFC8964] does not apply to handling the Sequence Number field | |||
DetNet OAM over the MPLS data plane. The sequence number space is | in DetNet OAM over the MPLS data plane. The sequence number | |||
circular with no restriction on the initial value. The originator | space is circular with no restriction on the initial value. | |||
DetNet node MUST set the value of the Sequence Number field before | The originator DetNet node MUST set the value of the Sequence | |||
the transmission of a packet. the initial value SHOULD be random | Number field before the transmission of a packet. The initial | |||
(unpredictable). The originator node SHOULD increase the value of | value SHOULD be random (unpredictable). The originator node | |||
the Sequence Number field by 1 for each active OAM packet. The | SHOULD increase the value of the Sequence Number field by 1 for | |||
originator MAY use other strategies, e.g., for negative testing of | each active OAM packet. The originator MAY use other | |||
Packet Ordering Functions. | strategies, e.g., for negative testing of Packet Ordering | |||
Functions. | ||||
Channel Type - is a 16-bit field, and the value of DetNet | Channel Type: A 16-bit field and the value of the DetNet | |||
Associated Channel Type. It MUST be one of the values listed in | Associated Channel Type. It MUST be one of the values listed | |||
the IANA MPLS Generalized Associated Channel Types (including | in the IANA "MPLS Generalized Associated Channel (G-ACh) Types | |||
Pseudowire Associated Channel Types) registry [IANA-G-ACh-Types]. | (including Pseudowire Associated Channel Types)" registry | |||
[IANA-G-ACh-Types]. | ||||
Node ID - is an unsigned 20-bit field. The value of the Node ID | Node ID: An unsigned 20-bit field. The value of the Node ID | |||
field identifies the DetNet node that originated the packet. A | field identifies the DetNet node that originated the packet. A | |||
DetNet node MUST be provisioned with a Node ID that is unique in | DetNet node MUST be provisioned with a Node ID that is unique | |||
the DetNet domain. Methods of distributing Node ID are outside | in the DetNet domain. Methods for distributing Node ID are | |||
the scope of this specification. | outside the scope of this specification. | |||
Level - is a 3-bit field. Semantically, the Level field is | Level: A 3-bit field. Semantically, the Level field is analogous | |||
anlogous to the Maintenance Domain Level in [IEEE.802.1Q]. The | to the Maintenance Domain Level in [IEEE.802.1Q]. The Level | |||
Level field is used to cope with the "all active path forwarding" | field is used to cope with the "all active path forwarding" | |||
(defined by the TSN Task Group of the IEEE 802.1 WG | (defined by the TSN Task Group of the IEEE 802.1 WG | |||
[IEEE802.1TSNTG]) characteristics of the PREOF concept. A | [IEEE802.1TSNTG]) characteristics of the PREOF concept. A | |||
hierarchical relationship between OAM domains can be created using | hierarchical relationship between OAM domains can be created | |||
the Level field value, illustrated by Figure 18.7 in | using the Level field value, as illustrated by Figure 18.7 in | |||
[IEEE.802.1Q]. | [IEEE.802.1Q]. | |||
Flags - is a 5-bit field. The Flags field contains five 1-bit | Flags: A 5-bit field. The Flags field contains five 1-bit flags. | |||
flags. Section 5.1 creates the IANA d-ACH Flags registry for new | Section 5.1 creates the IANA "DetNet Associated Channel Header | |||
flags to be defined. The flags defined in this specification are | (d-ACH) Flags" registry for new flags to be defined. The flags | |||
presented in Figure 5. | defined in this specification are presented in Figure 5. | |||
0 1 2 3 4 | Session ID: A 4-bit field. The Session field distinguishes OAM | |||
+-+-+-+-+-+ | sessions originating from the same node (a given Maintenance | |||
|U|U|U|U|U| | End Point may have multiple simultaneously active OAM sessions) | |||
+-+-+-+-+-+ | at the given Level. | |||
Figure 5: DetNet Associated Channel Header Flags Field Format | 0 1 2 3 4 | |||
+-+-+-+-+-+ | ||||
|U|U|U|U|U| | ||||
+-+-+-+-+-+ | ||||
U: Unused and for future use. MUST be 0 on transmission and ignored | Figure 5: DetNet Associated Channel Header Flags Field Format | |||
on receipt. | ||||
Session ID is a 4-bit field. The Session field distinguishes OAM | U: Unused and for future use. MUST be 0 on transmission and ignored | |||
sessions originating from the same node (a given Maintenance End | on receipt. | |||
Point may have multiple simultaneously active OAM sessions) at the | ||||
given Level. | ||||
A DetNet flow, according to [RFC8964], is identified by the S-Label | According to [RFC8964], a DetNet flow is identified by the S-Label | |||
that MUST be at the bottom of the stack. An Active OAM packet MUST | that MUST be at the bottom of the stack. An active OAM packet MUST | |||
include d-ACH immediately following the S-Label. | include d-ACH immediately following the S-Label. | |||
3.2. DetNet Packet Replication, Elimination, and Ordering Functions | 3.2. DetNet PREOF Interaction with Active OAM | |||
Interaction with Active OAM | ||||
At the DetNet service sub-layer, special functions (notably PREOF) | At the DetNet service sub-layer, special functions (notably PREOF) | |||
MAY be applied to the particular DetNet flow to potentially reduce | MAY be applied to the particular DetNet flow to potentially reduce | |||
packet loss, improve the probability of on-time packet delivery, and | packet loss, improve the probability of on-time packet delivery, and | |||
ensure in-order packet delivery. PREOF relies on sequencing | ensure in-order packet delivery. PREOF relies on sequencing | |||
information in the DetNet service sub-layer. For a DetNet active OAM | information in the DetNet service sub-layer. For a DetNet active OAM | |||
packet, PREOF MUST use the Sequence Number field value as the source | packet, PREOF MUST use the Sequence Number field value as the source | |||
of this sequencing information. App-flow and OAM use different | of this sequencing information. App-flow and OAM use different | |||
sequence number spaces. PREOF algorithms are executed with respect | sequence number spaces. PREOF algorithms are executed with respect | |||
to the sequence number space identified by the flow's characteristic | to the sequence number space identified by the flow's characteristic | |||
information. Although the Sequence Number field in d-ACH has a range | information. Although the Sequence Number field in d-ACH has a range | |||
from 0 through 255, it provides sufficient space because the rate of | from 0 through 255, it provides sufficient space because the rate of | |||
DetNet active OAM packet is significantly lower compared to the rate | DetNet active OAM packets is significantly lower compared to the rate | |||
of DetNet packets in an App-flow; therefore, wrapping around is not | of DetNet packets in an App-flow; therefore, wrapping around is not | |||
an issue. | an issue. | |||
4. OAM Interworking Models | 4. OAM Interworking Models | |||
Interworking of two OAM domains that utilize different networking | Interworking of two OAM domains that utilize different networking | |||
technology can be realized either by a peering or a tunneling model. | technology can be realized by either a peering model or a tunneling | |||
In a peering model, OAM domains are within the corresponding network | model. In a peering model, OAM domains are within the corresponding | |||
domain. When using the peering model, state changes that are | network domain. When using the peering model, state changes that are | |||
detected by a Fault Management OAM protocol can be mapped from one | detected by a Fault Management OAM protocol can be mapped from one | |||
OAM domain into another or a notification, e.g., an alarm, can be | OAM domain into another or a notification, e.g., an alarm can be sent | |||
sent to a central controller. In the tunneling model of OAM | to a central controller. In the tunneling model of OAM interworking, | |||
interworking, usually, only one active OAM protocol is used. Its | usually only one active OAM protocol is used. Its test packets are | |||
test packets are tunneled through another domain along with the data | tunneled through another domain along with the data flow, thus | |||
flow, thus ensuring the fate sharing among test and data packets. | ensuring fate sharing among test and data packets. | |||
4.1. OAM of DetNet MPLS Interworking with OAM of TSN | 4.1. OAM of DetNet MPLS Interworking with OAM of TSN | |||
Active DetNet OAM can provide the end-to-end (E2E) fault management | DetNet active OAM can provide end-to-end (E2E) fault management and | |||
and performance monitoring for a DetNet flow. In the case of DetNet | performance monitoring for a DetNet flow. In the case of DetNet with | |||
with an MPLS data plane and an IEEE 802.1 Time-Sensitive Networking | an MPLS data plane and an IEEE 802.1 Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) | |||
(TSN) sub-network, this implies the interworking of DetNet active OAM | sub-network, it implies the interworking of DetNet active OAM with | |||
with TSN OAM, which data plane aspects are specified in [RFC9037]. | TSN OAM, of which the data plane aspects are specified in [RFC9037]. | |||
When the peering model (Section 4) is used in Connectivity Fault | When the peering model (Section 4) is used in the Connectivity Fault | |||
Management (CFM) OAM protocol [IEEE.802.1Q], then the node that | Management (CFM) OAM protocol [IEEE.802.1Q], the node that borders | |||
borders both TSN and DetNet MPLS domains MUST support [RFC7023]. | both TSN and DetNet MPLS domains MUST support [RFC7023]. [RFC7023] | |||
[RFC7023] specifies the mapping of defect states between Ethernet | specifies the mapping of defect states between Ethernet Attachment | |||
Attachment Circuits and associated Ethernet PWs that are part of an | Circuits and associated Ethernet PWs that are part of an E2E emulated | |||
E2E emulated Ethernet service, and are also applicable to E2E OAM | Ethernet service and are also applicable to E2E OAM across DetNet | |||
across DetNet MPLS and TSN domains. The CFM [IEEE.802.1Q] or in | MPLS and TSN domains. The CFM [IEEE.802.1Q] [ITU.Y1731] can provide | |||
[ITU.Y1731] can provide fast detection of a failure in the TSN | fast detection of a failure in the TSN segment of the DetNet service. | |||
segment of the DetNet service. In the DetNet MPLS domain BFD | In the DetNet MPLS domain, Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD), | |||
(Bidirectional Forwarding Detection), specified in [RFC5880] and | as specified in [RFC5880] and [RFC5885], can be used. To provide E2E | |||
[RFC5885], can be used. To provide E2E failure detection, the TSN | failure detection, the TSN and DetNet MPLS segments could be treated | |||
and DetNet MPLS segments could be treated as concatenated such that | as concatenated such that the diagnostic codes (see Section 6.8.17 of | |||
the diagnostic codes (see Section 6.8.17 of [RFC5880]) MAY be used to | [RFC5880]) MAY be used to inform the upstream DetNet MPLS node of a | |||
inform the upstream DetNet MPLS node of a failure of the TSN segment. | TSN segment failure. Performance monitoring can be supported by | |||
Performance monitoring can be supported by [RFC6374] in the DetNet | [RFC6374] in the DetNet MPLS and by [ITU.Y1731] in TSN domains, | |||
MPLS and [ITU.Y1731] in the TSN domains, respectively. Performance | respectively. Performance objectives for each domain should refer to | |||
objectives for each domain should refer to metrics that is composable | metrics that are composable [RFC6049] or are defined for each domain | |||
[RFC6049] or be defined for each domain separately. | separately. | |||
The following considerations apply when using the tunneling model of | The following considerations apply when using the tunneling model of | |||
OAM interworking between DetNet MPLS and TSN domains based on general | OAM interworking between DetNet MPLS and TSN domains based on general | |||
principles described in Section 4 of [RFC9037]: | principles described in Section 4 of [RFC9037]: | |||
* Active OAM test packets MUST be mapped to the same TSN Stream ID | * Active OAM test packets MUST be mapped to the same TSN Stream ID | |||
as the monitored DetNet flow. | as the monitored DetNet flow. | |||
* Active OAM test packets MUST be treated in the TSN domain based on | * Active OAM test packets MUST be processed in the TSN domain based | |||
its S-Label and Class of Service marking (the Traffic Class field | on their S-Label and Class of Service marking (the Traffic Class | |||
value). | field value). | |||
Mapping between a DetNet flow and TSN Stream in the TSN sub-network | Mapping between a DetNet flow and TSN Stream in the TSN sub-network | |||
is described in Section 4.1 of [RFC9037]. The mapping has to be done | is described in Section 4.1 of [RFC9037]. The mapping has to be done | |||
only on the edge node of the TSN sub-network, and intermediate TSN | only on the edge node of the TSN sub-network, and intermediate TSN | |||
nodes do not need to recognize the S-Label. An edge node has two | nodes do not need to recognize the S-Label. An edge node has two | |||
components: | components: | |||
1. A passive Stream identification function. | 1. A passive Stream identification function. | |||
2. An active Stream identification function. | 2. An active Stream identification function. | |||
The first component identifies the DetNet flow (using Clause 6.8 of | The first component identifies the DetNet flow (using Clause 6.8 of | |||
[IEEE.802.1CBdb]), and the second component creates the TSN Stream by | [IEEE.802.1CBdb]), and the second component creates the TSN Stream by | |||
manipulating the Ethernet header. That manipulation simplifies the | manipulating the Ethernet header. That manipulation simplifies the | |||
identification of the TSN Stream in the intermediate TSN nodes by | identification of the TSN Stream in the intermediate TSN nodes by | |||
avoiding the need for them to look outside of the Ethernet header. | avoiding the need for them to look outside of the Ethernet header. | |||
DetNet MPLS OAM packets use the same S-Label as the DetNet flow data | DetNet MPLS OAM packets use the same S-Label as the DetNet flow data | |||
packets. The above-described mapping function treats these OAM | packets. The above-described mapping function treats these OAM | |||
packets as data packets of the DetNet flow. As a result, DetNet MPLS | packets as data packets of the DetNet flow. As a result, DetNet MPLS | |||
OAM packets are fate-sharing within the TSN sub-network. As an | OAM packets are fate sharing within the TSN sub-network. As an | |||
example of the mapping between DetNet MPLS and TSN, see Annex C.1 of | example of the mapping between DetNet MPLS and TSN, see Annex C.1 of | |||
[IEEE.802.1CBdb] that, in support of [RFC9037], describes how to | [IEEE.802.1CBdb] that, in support of [RFC9037], describes how to | |||
match MPLS DetNet flows and TSN Streams can be achieved. | match MPLS DetNet flows and achieve TSN Streams. | |||
Note that the tunneling model of the OAM interworking requires that | Note that the tunneling model of the OAM interworking requires that | |||
the remote peer of the E2E OAM domain supports the active OAM | the remote peer of the E2E OAM domain supports the active OAM | |||
protocol selected on the ingress endpoint. For example, if BFD is | protocol selected on the ingress endpoint. For example, if BFD is | |||
used for proactive path continuity monitoring in the DetNet MPLS | used for proactive path continuity monitoring in the DetNet MPLS | |||
domain, BFD support (as defined in [RFC5885]) is necessary at any TSN | domain, BFD support (as defined in [RFC5885]) is necessary at any TSN | |||
endpoint of the DetNet service. | endpoint of the DetNet service. | |||
4.2. OAM of DetNet MPLS Interworking with OAM of DetNet IP | 4.2. OAM of DetNet MPLS Interworking with OAM of DetNet IP | |||
Interworking between active OAM segments in DetNet MPLS and DetNet IP | Interworking between active OAM segments in DetNet MPLS and DetNet IP | |||
domains can also be realized using either the peering or the | domains can also be realized using either the peering model or the | |||
tunneling model, as discussed in Section 4.1. Using the same | tunneling model, as discussed in Section 4.1. Using the same | |||
protocol, e.g., BFD, over both segments, simplifies the mapping of | protocol, e.g., BFD over both segments, simplifies the mapping of | |||
errors in the peering model. For example, respective BFD sessions in | errors in the peering model. For example, respective BFD sessions in | |||
DetNet MPLS and DetNet IP domains can be in a concatenated | DetNet MPLS and DetNet IP domains can be in a concatenated | |||
relationship as described in Section 6.8.17 of [RFC5880]. To provide | relationship as described in Section 6.8.17 of [RFC5880]. To provide | |||
performance monitoring over a DetNet IP domain, STAMP [RFC8762] and | performance monitoring over a DetNet IP domain, the Simple Two-way | |||
its extensions [RFC8972] can be used to measure packet loss and | Active Measurement Protocol (STAMP) [RFC8762] and its extensions | |||
packet delay metrics. Such performance metrics can be used to | [RFC8972] can be used to measure packet loss and packet delay | |||
calculate composable metrics [RFC6049] within DetNet MPLS and DetNet | metrics. Such performance metrics can be used to calculate | |||
IP domains to reflect the end-to-end DetNet service performance. | composable metrics [RFC6049] within DetNet MPLS and DetNet IP domains | |||
to reflect the end-to-end DetNet service performance. | ||||
5. IANA Considerations | 5. IANA Considerations | |||
5.1. DetNet Associated Channel Header Flags Registry | 5.1. DetNet Associated Channel Header (d-ACH) Flags Registry | |||
This document describes a new IANA-managed registry to identify d-ACH | IANA has created the "DetNet Associated Channel Header (d-ACH) Flags" | |||
Flags bits. The registration procedure is "IETF Review" [RFC8126]. | registry within the "DetNet Associated Channel Header (d-ACH) Flags" | |||
The registry name is "DetNet Associated Channel Header (d-ACH) | registry group. The registration procedure is "IETF Review" | |||
Flags". IANA should treat "DetNet Associated Channel Header (d-ACH) | [RFC8126]. There are five flags in the 5-bit Flags field, as defined | |||
Flags" as the name of the registry group. There are five flags in | in Table 1. | |||
the five-bit Flags field, defined as in Table 1. | ||||
+=====+=============+===============+ | +=====+=============+ | |||
| Bit | Description | Reference | | | Bit | Description | | |||
+=====+=============+===============+ | +=====+=============+ | |||
| 0-4 | Unassigned | This document | | | 0-4 | Unassigned | | |||
+-----+-------------+---------------+ | +-----+-------------+ | |||
Table 1: DetNet Associated | Table 1: DetNet | |||
Channel Header (d-ACH) Flags | Associated Channel | |||
Header (d-ACH) Flags | ||||
Registry | ||||
6. Security Considerations | 6. Security Considerations | |||
Security considerations discussed in DetNet specifications [RFC8655], | Security considerations discussed in DetNet specifications [RFC8655], | |||
[RFC9055], [RFC8964], and [I-D.ietf-detnet-oam-framework] are | [RFC8964], [RFC9055], and [OAM-FRAMEWORK] are applicable to this | |||
applicable to this document. Security concerns and issues related to | document. Security concerns and issues related to MPLS OAM tools | |||
MPLS OAM tools like LSP Ping [RFC8029], and BFD over PW [RFC5885] | like LSP Ping [RFC8029] and BFD over PW [RFC5885] also apply to this | |||
also apply to this specification. | specification. | |||
7. Acknowledgment | ||||
Authors extend their appreciation to Pascal Thubert for his | ||||
insightful comments and productive discussion that helped to improve | ||||
the document. The authors are enormously grateful to Janos Farkas | ||||
for his detailed comments and the inspiring discussion that made this | ||||
document clearer and stronger. The authors recognize helpful reviews | ||||
and suggestions from Andrew Malis, David Black, Tianran Zhou, and | ||||
Kiran Makhijani. And special thanks are addressed to Ethan Grossman | ||||
for his fantastic help in improving the document. | ||||
8. References | 7. References | |||
8.1. Normative References | 7.1. Normative References | |||
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate | [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate | |||
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, | Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, | |||
DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997, | DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997, | |||
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>. | <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>. | |||
[RFC7023] Mohan, D., Ed., Bitar, N., Ed., Sajassi, A., Ed., DeLord, | [RFC7023] Mohan, D., Ed., Bitar, N., Ed., Sajassi, A., Ed., DeLord, | |||
S., Niger, P., and R. Qiu, "MPLS and Ethernet Operations, | S., Niger, P., and R. Qiu, "MPLS and Ethernet Operations, | |||
Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) Interworking", | Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) Interworking", | |||
RFC 7023, DOI 10.17487/RFC7023, October 2013, | RFC 7023, DOI 10.17487/RFC7023, October 2013, | |||
skipping to change at page 11, line 35 ¶ | skipping to change at line 484 ¶ | |||
[RFC8964] Varga, B., Ed., Farkas, J., Berger, L., Malis, A., Bryant, | [RFC8964] Varga, B., Ed., Farkas, J., Berger, L., Malis, A., Bryant, | |||
S., and J. Korhonen, "Deterministic Networking (DetNet) | S., and J. Korhonen, "Deterministic Networking (DetNet) | |||
Data Plane: MPLS", RFC 8964, DOI 10.17487/RFC8964, January | Data Plane: MPLS", RFC 8964, DOI 10.17487/RFC8964, January | |||
2021, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8964>. | 2021, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8964>. | |||
[RFC9025] Varga, B., Ed., Farkas, J., Berger, L., Malis, A., and S. | [RFC9025] Varga, B., Ed., Farkas, J., Berger, L., Malis, A., and S. | |||
Bryant, "Deterministic Networking (DetNet) Data Plane: | Bryant, "Deterministic Networking (DetNet) Data Plane: | |||
MPLS over UDP/IP", RFC 9025, DOI 10.17487/RFC9025, April | MPLS over UDP/IP", RFC 9025, DOI 10.17487/RFC9025, April | |||
2021, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9025>. | 2021, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9025>. | |||
8.2. Informational References | 7.2. Informative References | |||
[I-D.ietf-detnet-oam-framework] | ||||
Mirsky, G., Theoleyre, F., Papadopoulos, G. Z., Bernardos, | ||||
C. J., Varga, B., and J. Farkas, "Framework of Operations, | ||||
Administration and Maintenance (OAM) for Deterministic | ||||
Networking (DetNet)", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, | ||||
draft-ietf-detnet-oam-framework-11, 8 January 2024, | ||||
<https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-detnet- | ||||
oam-framework-11>. | ||||
[IANA-G-ACh-Types] | [IANA-G-ACh-Types] | |||
IANA, "MPLS Generalized Associated Channel (G-ACh) Types | IANA, "MPLS Generalized Associated Channel (G-ACh) Types | |||
(including Pseudowire Associated Channel Types)", | (including Pseudowire Associated Channel Types)", | |||
<https://www.iana.org/assignments/g-ach-parameters/g-ach- | <https://www.iana.org/assignments/g-ach-parameters/>. | |||
parameters.xhtml#mpls-g-ach-types>. | ||||
[IEEE.802.1CBdb] | [IEEE.802.1CBdb] | |||
IEEE, "IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area | IEEE, "IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area | |||
networks--Frame Replication and Elimination for | networks--Frame Replication and Elimination for | |||
Reliability Amendment 2: Extended Stream Identification | Reliability--Amendment 2: Extended Stream Identification | |||
Functions", IEEE 802.1CBdb, 2021. | Functions", IEEE Std 802.1CBdb-2021, December 2021. | |||
[IEEE.802.1Q] | [IEEE.802.1Q] | |||
IEEE, "Bridges and Bridged Networks", IEEE 802.1Q, 2014. | IEEE, "IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area | |||
Network--Bridges and Bridged Networks", IEEE Std 802.1Q- | ||||
2018, DOI 10.1109/IEEESTD.2018.8403927, July 2018, | ||||
<https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEESTD.2018.8403927>. | ||||
[IEEE802.1TSNTG] | [IEEE802.1TSNTG] | |||
IEEE, "Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) Task Group", | IEEE 802.1, "Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) Task Group", | |||
IEEE 802.1Q, <https://1.ieee802.org/tsn/>. | TSN Standards, <https://1.ieee802.org/tsn/>. | |||
[ITU.Y1731] | [ITU.Y1731] | |||
ITU-T, "OAM functions and mechanisms for Ethernet based | ITU-T, "Operation, administration and maintenance (OAM) | |||
Networks", ITU-T Recommendation G.8013/Y.1731, November | functions and mechanisms for Ethernet-based networks", | |||
2013. | ITU-T Recommendation G.8013/Y.1731, June 2023. | |||
[OAM-FRAMEWORK] | ||||
Mirsky, G., Theoleyre, F., Papadopoulos, G. Z., Bernardos, | ||||
CJ., Varga, B., and J. Farkas, "Framework of Operations, | ||||
Administration and Maintenance (OAM) for Deterministic | ||||
Networking (DetNet)", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, | ||||
draft-ietf-detnet-oam-framework-11, 8 January 2024, | ||||
<https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-detnet- | ||||
oam-framework-11>. | ||||
[RFC3985] Bryant, S., Ed. and P. Pate, Ed., "Pseudo Wire Emulation | [RFC3985] Bryant, S., Ed. and P. Pate, Ed., "Pseudo Wire Emulation | |||
Edge-to-Edge (PWE3) Architecture", RFC 3985, | Edge-to-Edge (PWE3) Architecture", RFC 3985, | |||
DOI 10.17487/RFC3985, March 2005, | DOI 10.17487/RFC3985, March 2005, | |||
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3985>. | <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3985>. | |||
[RFC4385] Bryant, S., Swallow, G., Martini, L., and D. McPherson, | [RFC4385] Bryant, S., Swallow, G., Martini, L., and D. McPherson, | |||
"Pseudowire Emulation Edge-to-Edge (PWE3) Control Word for | "Pseudowire Emulation Edge-to-Edge (PWE3) Control Word for | |||
Use over an MPLS PSN", RFC 4385, DOI 10.17487/RFC4385, | Use over an MPLS PSN", RFC 4385, DOI 10.17487/RFC4385, | |||
February 2006, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4385>. | February 2006, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4385>. | |||
skipping to change at page 13, line 47 ¶ | skipping to change at line 592 ¶ | |||
"Deterministic Networking (DetNet) Data Plane: MPLS over | "Deterministic Networking (DetNet) Data Plane: MPLS over | |||
IEEE 802.1 Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN)", RFC 9037, | IEEE 802.1 Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN)", RFC 9037, | |||
DOI 10.17487/RFC9037, June 2021, | DOI 10.17487/RFC9037, June 2021, | |||
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9037>. | <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9037>. | |||
[RFC9055] Grossman, E., Ed., Mizrahi, T., and A. Hacker, | [RFC9055] Grossman, E., Ed., Mizrahi, T., and A. Hacker, | |||
"Deterministic Networking (DetNet) Security | "Deterministic Networking (DetNet) Security | |||
Considerations", RFC 9055, DOI 10.17487/RFC9055, June | Considerations", RFC 9055, DOI 10.17487/RFC9055, June | |||
2021, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9055>. | 2021, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9055>. | |||
Acknowledgments | ||||
The authors extend their appreciation to Pascal Thubert for his | ||||
insightful comments and productive discussion that helped to improve | ||||
the document. The authors are enormously grateful to János Farkas | ||||
for his detailed comments and the inspiring discussion that made this | ||||
document clearer and stronger. The authors recognize helpful reviews | ||||
and suggestions from Andrew Malis, David Black, Tianran Zhou, and | ||||
Kiran Makhijani. And special thanks to Ethan Grossman for his | ||||
fantastic help in improving the document. | ||||
Authors' Addresses | Authors' Addresses | |||
Greg Mirsky | Greg Mirsky | |||
Ericsson | Ericsson | |||
Email: gregimirsky@gmail.com | Email: gregimirsky@gmail.com | |||
Mach(Guoyi) Chen | Mach(Guoyi) Chen | |||
Huawei | Huawei | |||
Email: mach.chen@huawei.com | Email: mach.chen@huawei.com | |||
Balazs Varga | Balazs Varga | |||
Ericsson | Ericsson | |||
Budapest | Budapest | |||
Magyar Tudosok krt. 11. | Magyar Tudosok krt. 11. | |||
1117 | 1117 | |||
Hungary | Hungary | |||
End of changes. 79 change blocks. | ||||
241 lines changed or deleted | 244 lines changed or added | |||
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