<?xmlversion="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII"?>version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?> <!DOCTYPE rfcSYSTEM "rfc2629.dtd"> <?rfc toc="yes"?> <?rfc tocompact="yes"?> <?rfc tocdepth="3"?> <?rfc tocindent="yes"?> <?rfc symrefs="yes"?> <?rfc sortrefs="yes"?> <?rfc comments="yes"?> <?rfc inline="yes"?> <?rfc compact="yes"?> <?rfc subcompact="no"?>[ <!ENTITY nbsp " "> <!ENTITY zwsp "​"> <!ENTITY nbhy "‑"> <!ENTITY wj "⁠"> ]> <rfc xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" category="std" docName="draft-ietf-ippm-ioam-yang-13"ipr="trust200902">number="9617" ipr="trust200902" obsoletes="" updates="" submissionType="IETF" consensus="true" xml:lang="en" tocInclude="true" tocDepth="3" symRefs="true" sortRefs="true" version="3"> <front> <title abbrev="YANG Data Model for IOAM">A YANG Data Model forIn-Situ OAM</title>In Situ Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (IOAM)</title> <seriesInfo name="RFC" value="9617"/> <author fullname="Tianran Zhou" initials="T."surname="Zhou, Ed.">surname="Zhou" role="editor"> <organization>Huawei</organization> <address> <postal> <street>156 Beiqing Rd.</street> <city>Beijing</city> <code>100095</code><region/><country>China</country> </postal> <email>zhoutianran@huawei.com</email> </address> </author> <author fullname="Jim Guichard" initials="J." surname="Guichard"> <organization>Futurewei</organization> <address> <postal><street/> <city/> <code/> <region/><country>United States of America</country> </postal> <email>james.n.guichard@futurewei.com</email> </address> </author> <author fullname="Frank Brockners" initials="F." surname="Brockners"> <organization>Cisco Systems</organization> <address> <postal> <street>Hansaallee 249, 3rd Floor</street><city>Duesseldorf</city> <region>Nordrhein-Westfalen</region><city>Düsseldorf, Nordrhein-Westfalen</city> <code>40549</code> <country>Germany</country> </postal><phone/> <facsimile/><email>fbrockne@cisco.com</email><uri/></address> </author> <author fullname="Srihari Raghavan" initials="S." surname="Raghavan"> <organization>Cisco Systems</organization> <address> <postal> <street>Tril Infopark Sez, Ramanujan IT City</street> <street>Neville Block, 2nd floor, Old Mahabalipuram Road</street> <city>Chennai</city> <region>Tamil Nadu</region> <code>600113</code> <country>India</country> </postal><phone/> <facsimile/><email>srihari@cisco.com</email><uri/></address> </author> <dateday="01" month="March"month="August" year="2024"/><workgroup>IPPM</workgroup><area>OPS</area> <workgroup>ippm</workgroup> <keyword>OAM</keyword> <keyword>Configuration</keyword> <abstract><t>In-situ<t>In situ Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (IOAM) is an example of an on-path hybrid measurement method. IOAM defines a methodto producefor producing operational and telemetry information that may be exported using the in-band or out-of-band method.RFC9197RFCs 9197 andRFC93269326 discuss the data fields and associated data types for IOAM. This document defines a YANG module for the configuration of IOAM functions.</t> </abstract> </front> <middle> <sectiontitle="Introduction"> <t>In-situnumbered="true" toc="default"> <name>Introduction</name> <t>In situ Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (IOAM) is an example of an on-path hybrid measurement method. IOAM defines a methodto producefor producing operational and telemetry information that may be exported using the in-band or out-of-band method. The data types and data formats for IOAM data records have been defined in <xreftarget="RFC9197"/>target="RFC9197" format="default"/> and <xreftarget="RFC9326"/>.target="RFC9326" format="default"/>. The IOAM data can be embedded in many protocolencapsulationsencapsulations, such as the NetworkServicesService Header (NSH) <xref target="RFC9452"/> and IPv6.</t> <t>This document defines a data model for the configuration of IOAM capabilities using the <xreftarget="RFC7950">YANGtarget="RFC7950" format="default">YANG data modeling language</xref>. This YANG data model supports five IOAM options, whichare:</t> <t><list style="symbols">are as follows:</t> <ul spacing="normal"> <li> <t><xreftarget="RFC9197">Incremental Tracing Optiontarget="RFC9197" format="default">Incremental Trace-Option </xref></t> </li> <li> <t><xreftarget="RFC9197">Pre-allocated Tracing Option</xref></t>target="RFC9197" format="default">Pre-allocated Trace-Option</xref></t> </li> <li> <t><xreftarget="RFC9326">Directtarget="RFC9326" format="default">Direct Export Option</xref></t> </li> <li> <t><xreftarget="RFC9197">Prooftarget="RFC9197" format="default">Proof of Transit(PoT)(POT) Option</xref></t> </li> <li> <t><xreftarget="RFC9197">Edge-to-Edgetarget="RFC9197" format="default">Edge-to-Edge Option</xref></t></list></t></li> </ul> </section> <sectiontitle="Conventions usednumbered="true" toc="default"> <name>Conventions Used inthis document">This Document</name> <t>Thekeywords "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY",key words "<bcp14>MUST</bcp14>", "<bcp14>MUST NOT</bcp14>", "<bcp14>REQUIRED</bcp14>", "<bcp14>SHALL</bcp14>", "<bcp14>SHALL NOT</bcp14>", "<bcp14>SHOULD</bcp14>", "<bcp14>SHOULD NOT</bcp14>", "<bcp14>RECOMMENDED</bcp14>", "<bcp14>NOT RECOMMENDED</bcp14>", "<bcp14>MAY</bcp14>", and"OPTIONAL""<bcp14>OPTIONAL</bcp14>" in this document are to be interpreted as described inBCP14,BCP 14 <xreftarget="RFC2119"/>,target="RFC2119"/> <xref target="RFC8174"/> when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here.</t> <t>The following terms are defined in <xreftarget="RFC7950"/>target="RFC7950" format="default"/> and are used in this specification:<list style="symbols"></t> <ul spacing="normal"> <li> <t>augment</t> </li> <li> <t>data model</t> </li> <li> <t>data node</t></list>The</li> </ul> <t>The terminology for describing YANG data models is found in <xreftarget="RFC7950"/>.</t>target="RFC7950" format="default"/>.</t> <section anchor="tree-diagrams"title="Tree Diagrams">numbered="true" toc="default"> <name>Tree Diagrams</name> <t>Tree diagrams used in this document follow the notation defined in <xreftarget="RFC8340"/>.</t>target="RFC8340" format="default"/>.</t> </section> </section> <sectiontitle="Designnumbered="true" toc="default"> <name>Design of the IOAM YANG DataModel"> <t/>Model</name> <sectiontitle="Overview">numbered="true" toc="default"> <name>Overview</name> <t>The IOAM model is organized as a list ofprofilesprofiles, as shown in the following figure. Each profile associates with one flow and the corresponding IOAM information.</t><t><figure> <artwork><![CDATA[module:<sourcecode type="yangtree"><![CDATA[module: ietf-ioam +--rw ioam +--ro info | +--ro timestamp-type? identityref | +--ro available-interface* [if-name] | +--ro if-name if:interface-ref +--rw admin-config | +--rw enabled? boolean +--rw profiles +--rw profile* [profile-name] +--rw profile-name string +--rw filter | +--rw filter-type? ioam-filter-type | +--rw ace-name? -> /acl:acls/acl/aces/ace/name +--rw protocol-type? ioam-protocol-type +--rw incremental-tracing-profile {incremental-trace}? | ... +--rw preallocated-tracing-profile {preallocated-trace}? | ... +--rw direct-export-profile {direct-export}? | ... +--rw pot-profile {proof-of-transit}? | ... +--rw e2e-profile {edge-to-edge}?...]]></artwork> </figure></t>]]></sourcecode> <t>The "info" parameter is a container for all the read-only information that assists monitoring systems in the interpretation of the IOAM data.</t> <t>The "enabled" parameter is an administrative configuration. When it is set totrue,"true", IOAM configuration is enabled for the system. Meanwhile, the IOAMdata-planedata plane functionality is enabled.</t> <t>The "filter" parameter is used to identify a flow, where the IOAM profile can apply. There may be multiple filter types. <xreftarget="RFC8519">ACL</xref> istarget="RFC8519" format="default">Access Control Lists (ACLs)</xref> provide a common way to specify a flow. Each IOAM profile can associate with anACE(AccessACE (Access Control Entry). When the matched ACE "forwarding" action is "accept", IOAM actionsMUST<bcp14>MUST</bcp14> be driven by the acceptedpackets, when the matched ACE "forwarding" action is "accept".</t>packets.</t> <t>The IOAM data can be encapsulated into multiple protocols, e.g., <xreftarget="RFC9486">IPv6</xref>target="RFC9486" format="default">IPv6</xref> and <xreftarget="RFC9452">NSH</xref>.target="RFC9452" format="default">the NSH</xref>. The "protocol-type" parameter is used to indicate wheretheIOAM is applied. For example, ifthe"protocol-type" isIPv6,set to "ipv6", the IOAM ingress node will encapsulate the associated flowwith theaccording to <xreftarget="RFC9486">IPv6-IOAM</xref> format.</t>target="RFC9486" format="default"/>.</t> <t>In this document, IOAM data includes five encapsulation types, i.e., incremental tracing data,preallocatedpre-allocated tracing data, direct export data, proof of transitdatadata, andend to endend-to-end data. In practice, multiple IOAM data types can be encapsulated into the same IOAM header. The "profile" parameter contains a set of sub-profiles, each of which relates to one encapsulation type. The configured object may not support all the sub-profiles. The supported sub-profiles are indicated by5five defined features, i.e., "incremental-trace", "preallocated-trace", "direct-export","proof-of-transit""proof-of-transit", and "edge-to-edge".</t> <t>This document uses the <xreftarget="RFC8519">Access Control Listtarget="RFC8519" format="default">"ietf-access-control-list" YANG module</xref>, the <xreftarget="RFC8343">Interfacestarget="RFC8343" format="default">"ietf-interfaces" YANGmodule</xref>module</xref>, and the <xreftarget="RFC8532">LIME Time Typestarget="RFC8532" format="default">"ietf-lime-time-types" YANG module</xref>.</t> <t>The YANG data model in this documentconformconforms to the Network Management Datastore Architecture (NMDA) defined in <xreftarget="RFC8342"/>.</t>target="RFC8342" format="default"/>.</t> </section> <sectiontitle="Preallocatednumbered="true" toc="default" anchor="prealloc-tracing"> <name>Pre-allocated TracingProfile"> <t>TheProfile</name> <t>To ensure visibility into the entire path that a packet takes within an IOAM domain, the IOAM tracing data is expected to be collected at every node that a packettraverses to ensure visibility into the entire path a packet takes within an IOAM domain.traverses. Thepreallocated tracing optionPre-allocated Trace-Option will create pre-allocated space for each node to populate itsinformation .information. The "preallocated-tracing-profile" parameter contains the detailed information for thepreallocatedpre-allocated tracing data.TheThis information includes:</t><t><list style="symbols"> <t>node-action: indicates<dl spacing="normal"> <dt>node-action:</dt><dd>indicates the operation (e.g., encapsulate the IOAM header, transit the IOAM data, or decapsulate the IOAM header) applied to the dedicatedflow.</t> <t>use-namespace: indicatesflow.</dd> <dt>use-namespace:</dt><dd>indicates the namespace used for the tracetypes.</t> <t>trace-type: indicatestypes.</dd> <dt>trace-type:</dt><dd>indicates the per-hop data to be captured bythe IOAM enabledIOAM-enabled nodes and included in the node datalist.</t> <t>max-length: specifieslist.</dd> <dt>max-length:</dt><dd>specifies the maximum length of the node data list in octets.The max-length "max-length" is only defined at the encapsulationnode.</t> </list><figure align="center"> <artwork><![CDATA[+--rwnode.</dd> </dl> <sourcecode type="yangtree"><![CDATA[+--rw preallocated-tracing-profile {preallocated-trace}? +--rw node-action? ioam-node-action +--rw trace-types | +--rw use-namespace? ioam-namespace | +--rw trace-type* ioam-trace-type +--rw max-length?uint32]]></artwork> </figure></t>uint32 ]]></sourcecode> </section> <sectiontitle="Incrementalnumbered="true" toc="default"> <name>Incremental TracingProfile">Profile</name> <t>Theincremental tracing optionIncremental Trace-Option contains avariablevariable-length list of node datafieldsfields, where each node allocates and pushes its node data immediately following the option header. The "incremental-tracing-profile" parameter contains the detailed information for the incremental tracing data.The detailedThis information is the same as that for thePreallocatedPre-allocated TracingProfile.</t> <t><figure align="center"> <artwork><![CDATA[+--rwProfile; see <xref target="prealloc-tracing"/>.</t> <sourcecode type="yangtree"><![CDATA[+--rw incremental-tracing-profile {incremental-trace}? +--rw node-action? ioam-node-action +--rw trace-types | +--rw use-namespace? ioam-namespace | +--rw trace-type* ioam-trace-type +--rw max-length?uint32]]></artwork> </figure></t>uint32 ]]></sourcecode> </section> <sectiontitle="Directnumbered="true" toc="default"> <name>Direct ExportProfile">Profile</name> <t>Thedirect export optionDirect Export Option is used as a trigger for IOAM data to be directly exported or locally aggregated without being pushed into in-flight data packets. The "direct-export-profile" parameter contains the detailed information for the direct export data.The detailedThis information is the same as that for thePreallocatedPre-allocated TracingProfile,Profile (<xref target="prealloc-tracing"/>), but with two more optional variables:</t><t><list style="symbols"> <t>flow-id: is used<dl spacing="normal"> <dt>flow-id:</dt><dd>used to correlate the exported data of the same flow from multiple nodes and from multiplepackets.</t> <t>enable-sequence-number: indicatespackets.</dd> <dt>enable-sequence-number:</dt><dd>indicates whether the sequence number is used in thedirect export option.</t> </list><figure> <artwork><![CDATA[+--rwDirect Export Option.</dd> </dl> <sourcecode type="yangtree"><![CDATA[+--rw direct-export-profile {direct-export}? +--rw node-action? ioam-node-action +--rw trace-types | +--rw use-namespace? ioam-namespace | +--rw trace-type* ioam-trace-type +--rw flow-id? uint32 +--rw enable-sequence-number?boolean]]></artwork> </figure></t>boolean ]]></sourcecode> </section> <sectiontitle="Proofnumbered="true" toc="default"> <name>Proof of TransitProfile">Profile</name> <t>The IOAMProofproof ofTransittransit data is used to support the path or service function chain verification use cases. The "pot-profile" parameter is intended to contain the detailed information for the proof of transit data. The "use-namespace" parameter indicates the namespace used for the POT types. The "pot-type" parameter indicates a particular POT variant that specifies the POT data that is included. There may be several POT types,which haveeach having different configuration data. To align with <xreftarget="RFC9197"/>,target="RFC9197" format="default"/>, this document only defines IOAM POT type 0.UserUsers need to augment this module for the configuration of aspecifcspecific POT type.</t><t><figure align="center"> <artwork><![CDATA[+--rw<sourcecode type="yangtree"><![CDATA[+--rw pot-profile {proof-of-transit}? +--rw use-namespace? ioam-namespace +--rw pot-type?ioam-pot-type]]></artwork> </figure></t>ioam-pot-type ]]></sourcecode> </section> <sectiontitle="Edge-to-Edge Profile">numbered="true" toc="default"> <name>Edge-to-Edge Profile</name> <t>The IOAMedge-to-edge optionEdge-to-Edge Option is used to carry data that is added by the IOAM encapsulating node and interpreted by the IOAM decapsulating node. The "e2e-profile" parameter contains the detailed information for the edge-to-edge data.The detailedThis information includes:</t><t><list style="symbols"> <t>node-action is the<dl spacing="normal"> <dt>node-action:</dt><dd>the same semantic as that provided inSection 3.2.</t> <t>use-namespace: indicate<xref target="prealloc-tracing"/>.</dd> <dt>use-namespace:</dt><dd>indicates the namespace used for the edge-to-edgetypes.</t> <t>e2e-type: indicatestypes.</dd> <dt>e2e-type:</dt><dd>indicates data to be carried from the ingress IOAM node to the egress IOAMnode.</t> </list><figure align="center"> <artwork><![CDATA[+--rwnode.</dd> </dl> <sourcecode type="yangtree"><![CDATA[+--rw e2e-profile {edge-to-edge}? +--rw node-action? ioam-node-action +--rw e2e-types +--rw use-namespace? ioam-namespace +--rw e2e-type*ioam-e2e-type]]></artwork> </figure></t>ioam-e2e-type ]]></sourcecode> </section> </section> <sectiontitle="IOAMnumbered="true" toc="default"> <name>IOAM YANGModule"> <t/> <t><figure> <artwork><![CDATA[<CODE BEGINS> file "ietf-ioam@2024-03-01.yang"Module</name> <t>The "ietf-ioam" module defined in this document imports typedefs from <xref target="RFC8519"/>, <xref target="RFC8343"/>, and <xref target="RFC8532"/>. This document also references <xref target="RFC9197"/>, <xref target="RFC9326"/>, <xref target="RFC9486"/>, and <xref target="RFC9452"/>.</t> <sourcecode name="ietf-ioam@2024-07-12.yang" type="yang" markers="true"><![CDATA[ module ietf-ioam { yang-version 1.1; namespace "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-ioam"; prefix"ioam";ioam; import ietf-access-control-list { prefix"acl";acl; reference "RFC 8519: YANG Data Model for Network Access Control Lists (ACLs)"; } import ietf-interfaces { prefix"if";if; reference "RFC 8343: A YANG Data Model for Interface Management"; } import ietf-lime-time-types { prefix"lime";lime; reference "RFC 8532: Generic YANG Data Model for the Management of Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) Protocols That Use Connectionless Communications"; } organization "IETF IPPM (IP PerformanceMetrics)Measurement) Working Group"; contact "WG Web: <https://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/ippm> WG List:<ippm@ietf.org> Editor: zhoutianran@huawei.com<mailto:ippm@ietf.org> Editor:james.n.guichard@futurewei.com Editor: fbrockne@cisco.com Editor: srihari@cisco.com";Tianran Zhou <mailto:zhoutianran@huawei.com> Author: Jim Guichard <mailto:james.n.guichard@futurewei.com> Author: Frank Brockners <mailto:fbrockne@cisco.com> Author: Srihari Raghavan <mailto:srihari@cisco.com>"; description "This YANG module specifies a vendor-independent data model fortheIn SituOAMOperations, Administration, and Maintenance (IOAM). The key words 'MUST', 'MUST NOT', 'REQUIRED', 'SHALL', 'SHALL NOT', 'SHOULD', 'SHOULD NOT', 'RECOMMENDED', 'NOT RECOMMENDED', 'MAY', and 'OPTIONAL' in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14 (RFC 2119) (RFC 8174) when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here. Copyright (c) 2024 IETF Trust and the persons identified as authors of the code. All rights reserved. Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, is permitted pursuant to, and subject to the license terms contained in, the Revised BSD License set forth in Section 4.c of the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info). This version of this YANG module is part of RFCXXXX (https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfcXXXX);9617; see the RFC itself for full legal notices."; revision2024-03-012024-07-12 { description "Initial revision."; reference "RFCXXXX:9617: A YANG Data Model forIn-Situ OAM";In Situ Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (IOAM)"; } /* * FEATURES */ feature incremental-trace { description "This featureindicatedindicates that theincremental tracing optionIncremental Trace-Option is supported."; reference "RFC 9197: Data Fields forIn-situ OAM";In Situ Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (IOAM)"; } feature preallocated-trace { description "This featureindicatedindicates that thepreallocated tracing optionPre-allocated Trace-Option is supported."; reference "RFC 9197: Data Fields forIn-situ OAM";In Situ Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (IOAM)"; } feature direct-export { description "This featureindicatedindicates that thedirect export optionDirect Export Option is supported."; reference "RFC 9326:In-situ OAMIn Situ Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (IOAM) Direct Exporting"; } feature proof-of-transit { description "This featureindicatedindicates that theproofProof oftransit optionTransit Option issupported";supported."; reference "RFC 9197: Data Fields forIn-situ OAM";In Situ Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (IOAM)"; } feature edge-to-edge { description "This featureindicatedindicates that theedge-to-edge optionEdge-to-Edge Option is supported."; reference "RFC 9197: Data Fields forIn-situ OAM";In Situ Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (IOAM)"; } /* * IDENTITIES */ identity filter { description "Base identity to represent a filter. A filter is used to specify the flow to apply the IOAMprofile. ";profile."; } identity acl-filter { base filter; description "ApplyACLAccess Control List (ACL) rules to specify the flow."; } identity protocol { description "Base identity to represent the carrier protocol.It'sIt is used to indicate in what layer and protocol the IOAM data is embedded."; } identity ipv6 { base protocol; description "The described IOAM data is embedded inIPv6 protocol.";IPv6."; reference "RFC 9486:In-situ OAMIPv6Options";Options for In Situ Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (IOAM)"; } identity nsh { base protocol; description "The described IOAM data is embedded inNSH.";the Network Service Header (NSH)."; reference "RFC 9452: Network Service Header (NSH) Encapsulation forIn-situIn Situ OAM (IOAM) Data"; } identity node-action { description "Base identity to represent the node actions.It'sIt is used to indicate what action the node will take."; } identity action-encapsulate { base node-action; description"It"This identity indicates that the node is used to encapsulate the IOAMpacket";packet."; } identity action-decapsulate { base node-action; description"It"This identity indicates that the node is used to decapsulate the IOAMpacket";packet."; } identity action-transit { base node-action; description"It"This identity indicates that the node is used to transit the IOAMpacket";packet."; } identity trace-type { description "Base identity to represent trace types."; } identity trace-hop-lim-node-id { base trace-type; description"It"This identity indicates the presence ofHop_Lim'Hop_Lim' andnode_id'node_id' in the node data."; reference "RFC 9197: Data Fields for In Situ Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (IOAM)"; } identity trace-if-id { base trace-type; description"It"This identity indicates the presence ofingress_if_id'ingress_if_id' andegress_if_id'egress_if_id' (short format) in the node data."; reference "RFC 9197: Data Fields for In Situ Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (IOAM)"; } identity trace-timestamp-seconds { base trace-type; description"It"This identity indicates the presence of timestamp seconds in the node data."; } identity trace-timestamp-fraction { base trace-type; description"It"This identity indicates the presence of a timestamp fraction in the node data."; } identity trace-transit-delay { base trace-type; description"It"This identity indicates the presence of transit delay in the node data."; } identity trace-namespace-data { base trace-type; description"It"This identity indicates the presence ofname space specificnamespace-specific data (short format) in the node data."; } identity trace-queue-depth { base trace-type; description"It"This identity indicates the presence of queue depth in the node data."; } identity trace-checksum-complement { base trace-type; description"It"This identity indicates the presence of the Checksum Complement in the node data."; reference "RFC 9197: Data Fields for In Situ Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (IOAM)"; } identity trace-hop-lim-node-id-wide { base trace-type; description"It"This identity indicates the presence ofHop_Lim'Hop_Lim' andnode_id in wide format'node_id' (wide format) in the node data."; } identity trace-if-id-wide { base trace-type; description"It"This identity indicates the presence ofingress_if_id'ingress_if_id' andegress_if_id in wide format'egress_if_id' (wide format) in the node data."; } identity trace-namespace-data-wide { base trace-type; description"It"This identity indicates the presence ofIOAM-Namespace specificIOAM-namespace-specific datain wide format(wide format) in the node data."; } identity trace-buffer-occupancy { base trace-type; description"It"This identity indicates the presence of buffer occupancy in the node data."; } identity trace-opaque-state-snapshot { base trace-type; description"It"This identity indicates the presence ofvariable lengththe variable-length Opaque State Snapshot field."; } identity pot-type { description "Base identity to represent Proof of Transit(PoT)(POT) types."; } identity pot-type-0 { base pot-type; description "The IOAMPOT Typefield value for the POT type is 0, and POT data is a16 Octet16-octet field to carry data associatedtowith POT procedures."; } identity e2e-type { description "Base identity to represent edge-to-edge types."; } identity e2e-seq-num-64 { base e2e-type; description"It"This identity indicates the presence of a 64-bit sequence number."; } identity e2e-seq-num-32 { base e2e-type; description"It"This identity indicates the presence of a 32-bit sequence number."; } identity e2e-timestamp-seconds { base e2e-type; description"It"This identity indicates the presence of timestamp seconds representing the time at which the packet entered theIOAM-domain.";IOAM domain."; } identity e2e-timestamp-fraction { base e2e-type; description"It"This identity indicates the presence of a timestamp fraction representing the time at which the packet entered theIOAM-domain.";IOAM domain."; } identity namespace { description "Base identity to represent the Namespace-ID."; } identity default-namespace { base namespace; description "The Namespace-ID value of 0x0000 is defined as the Default-Namespace-ID and MUST be known to all the nodes implementing IOAM."; } /* * TYPE DEFINITIONS */ typedef ioam-filter-type { type identityref { base filter; } description"It"This type specifies a known type of filter."; } typedef ioam-protocol-type { type identityref { base protocol; } description"It"This type specifies a known type of carrier protocol for the IOAM data."; } typedef ioam-node-action { type identityref { base node-action; } description"It"This type specifies a known type of node action."; } typedef ioam-trace-type { type identityref { base trace-type; } description"It"This type specifies a known trace type."; } typedef ioam-pot-type { type identityref { base pot-type; } description"It"This type specifies a knownpotPOT type."; } typedef ioam-e2e-type { type identityref { base e2e-type; } description"It"This type specifies a known edge-to-edge type."; } typedef ioam-namespace { type identityref { base namespace; } description"It"This type specifies the supported namespace."; } /* * GROUP DEFINITIONS */ grouping ioam-filter { description "A grouping for IOAM filterdefinition";definitions."; leaf filter-type { type ioam-filter-type; description"filter type";"Filter type."; } leaf ace-name { when "derived-from-or-self(../filter-type, 'ioam:acl-filter')"; type leafref { path "/acl:acls/acl:acl/acl:aces/acl:ace/acl:name"; } description "The Access Control Entry name is used to refer to an ACL specification."; } } grouping encap-tracing { description "A grouping for the generic configuration for the tracing profile."; container trace-types { description"It indicates"This container provides the list of trace types for encapsulation."; leaf use-namespace { type ioam-namespace; defaultdefault-namespace;"default-namespace"; description"It"This object indicates thename spacenamespace used for encapsulation."; } leaf-list trace-type { type ioam-trace-type; description "The trace type is only defined at the encapsulation node."; } } leaf max-length { when "derived-from-or-self(../node-action, 'ioam:action-encapsulate')"; type uint32; unitsbytes;"bytes"; description "This field specifies the maximum length of the node data list in octets.The max-length'max-length' is only defined at the encapsulation node."; } } grouping ioam-incremental-tracing-profile { description "A grouping forincremental tracing profile.";the Incremental Tracing Profile."; leaf node-action { type ioam-node-action; defaultaction-transit;"action-transit"; description "This object indicates the action the nodeneedneeds to take,e.g.e.g., encapsulation."; } uses encap-tracing { when "derived-from-or-self(node-action, 'ioam:action-encapsulate')"; } } grouping ioam-preallocated-tracing-profile { description "A grouping forpre-allocated tracing profile.";the Pre-allocated Tracing Profile."; leaf node-action { type ioam-node-action; defaultaction-transit;"action-transit"; description "This object indicates the action the nodeneedneeds to take,e.g.e.g., encapsulation."; } uses encap-tracing { when "derived-from-or-self(node-action, 'ioam:action-encapsulate')"; } } grouping ioam-direct-export-profile { description "A grouping fordirect export profile.";the Direct Export Profile."; leaf node-action { type ioam-node-action; defaultaction-transit;"action-transit"; description "This object indicates the action the nodeneedneeds to take,e.g.e.g., encapsulation."; } uses encap-tracing { when "derived-from-or-self(node-action, 'ioam:action-encapsulate')"; } leaf flow-id { when "derived-from-or-self(../node-action, 'ioam:action-encapsulate')"; type uint32; description "A 32-bit flow identifier. The field is set at the encapsulating node. The Flow ID can be uniformly assigned by a central controller or algorithmically generated by the encapsulating node. The latter approach cannot guarantee the uniqueness of the Flow ID, yet theconflictprobability of conflict is small due to the large Flow ID space.flow-id'flow-id' is used to correlate the exported data of the same flow from multiple nodes and from multiple packets."; } leaf enable-sequence-number { when "derived-from-or-self(../node-action, 'ioam:action-encapsulate')"; type boolean; defaultfalse;"false"; description "This boolean value indicates whether the sequence number is used in thedirect export optionDirect Export Option's 32-bit flow identifier. If this value istrue,set to 'true', the sequence number is used.By default, it'sIt is turnedoff.";off by default."; } } grouping ioam-e2e-profile { description "A grouping foredge-to-edge profile.";the Edge-to-Edge Profile."; leaf node-action { type ioam-node-action; defaultaction-transit;"action-transit"; description "This object indicates the action the nodeneedneeds to take,e.g.e.g., encapsulation."; } container e2e-types { when "derived-from-or-self(../node-action, 'ioam:action-encapsulate')"; description"It indicates"This container provides the list of edge-to-edge types for encapsulation."; leaf use-namespace { type ioam-namespace; defaultdefault-namespace;"default-namespace"; description"It"This object indicates thename spacenamespace used for encapsulation."; } leaf-list e2e-type { type ioam-e2e-type; description "The edge-to-edge type is only defined at the encapsulation node."; } } } grouping ioam-admin-config { description "IOAM top-level administrative configuration."; leaf enabled { type boolean; defaultfalse;"false"; description "This object is used to control the availability of configuration. It MUST betrueset to 'true' before anything in the /ioam/profiles/profile subtree can be edited. Iffalse,'false', any configuration in place is not used."; } } /* * DATA NODES */ container ioam { description "IOAMtop level container";top-level container."; container info { config false; description "Describesinformationinformation, such as units or timestampformatformat, that assists monitoring systems in the interpretation of the IOAM data."; leaf timestamp-type { type identityref { base lime:timestamp-type; } description "Type of timestamp, such as Truncated PTP (Precision Time Protocol) or NTP."; } list available-interface { key "if-name"; description "A list of available interfaces that support IOAM."; leaf if-name { type if:interface-ref; description "This is a reference to theInterfaceinterface name."; } } } container admin-config { description "Contains all the administrative configurations related to the IOAM functionalities and all the IOAM profiles."; uses ioam-admin-config; } container profiles { description "Contains a list of IOAM profiles."; list profile { key "profile-name"; description "A list of IOAM profiles that are configured on the node. There is no mandatory type of profile (e.g.,incremental-trace, preallocated-trace.)'incremental-trace', 'preallocated-trace') in the list. But at least one profile should be added."; leaf profile-name { typestring{string { length "1..300"; } description "Unique identifier for each IOAM profile."; } container filter { uses ioam-filter; description "The filterwhichthat is used to indicate the flow to apply IOAM."; } leaf protocol-type { type ioam-protocol-type; description "Thisitemobject is used to indicate the carrier protocol wheretheIOAM is applied."; } container incremental-tracing-profile { if-featureincremental-trace;"incremental-trace"; presence "Enablesincremental tracing option.";the Incremental Trace-Option."; description"It"This container describes the profile forincremental tracing option.";the Incremental Trace-Option."; uses ioam-incremental-tracing-profile; } container preallocated-tracing-profile { if-featurepreallocated-trace;"preallocated-trace"; presence "Enablespreallocated tracing option.";the Pre-allocated Trace-Option."; description"It"This container describes the profile forpreallocated tracing option.";the Pre-allocated Trace-Option."; uses ioam-preallocated-tracing-profile; } container direct-export-profile { if-featuredirect-export;"direct-export"; presence "Enablesdirect-export option.";the Direct Export Option."; description"It"This container describes the profile fordirect-export option";the Direct Export Option."; uses ioam-direct-export-profile; } container pot-profile { if-featureproof-of-transit;"proof-of-transit"; presence "Enables the Proof of Transitoption.";Option."; description"It"This container describes the profile forPoT option.";the Proof of Transit Option."; leaf use-namespace { type ioam-namespace; defaultdefault-namespace;"default-namespace"; description"It"This object indicates the namespace used for the POT types."; } leaf pot-type { type ioam-pot-type; description "The type of a particular POT variant that specifies the POT data that is included."; } } container e2e-profile { if-featureedge-to-edge;"edge-to-edge"; presence "Enablesedge-to-edge option.";the Edge-to-Edge Option."; description"It"This container describes the profile foredge-to-edge option.";the Edge-to-Edge Option."; uses ioam-e2e-profile; } } } } }<CODE ENDS>]]></artwork> </figure></t> <t/>]]></sourcecode> </section> <section anchor="Security"title="Security Considerations">numbered="true" toc="default"> <name>Security Considerations</name> <t>The YANG module specified in this document defines a schema for data that is designed to be accessed via network management protocols such as NETCONF <xreftarget="RFC6241">NETCONF</xref>target="RFC6241"/> or RESTCONF <xreftarget="RFC8040">RESTCONF</xref>.target="RFC8040"/>. The lowest NETCONF layer is the secure transport layer, and the mandatory-to-implement secure transport is<xref target="RFC6242">SecureSecure Shell(SSH)</xref>.(SSH) <xref target="RFC6242"/>. The lowest RESTCONF layer is HTTPS, and the mandatory-to-implement secure transport is TLS <xreftarget="RFC8446">TLS</xref>.</t>target="RFC8446"/>.</t> <t>The<xref target="RFC8341">NetworkNetwork Configuration Access Control Model(NACM)</xref>(NACM) <xref target="RFC8341"/> provides the means to restrict access for particular NETCONF or RESTCONF users to a preconfigured subset of all available NETCONF or RESTCONF protocol operations and content.</t> <t>There are a number of data nodes defined in this YANG module that are writable/creatable/deletable (i.e., config true, which is the default). These data nodes may be considered sensitive or vulnerable in some network environments. Write operations (e.g., edit-config) to these data nodes without proper protection can have a negative effect on network operations. These are the subtrees and data nodes and their sensitivity/vulnerability:</t><t><list style="symbols"> <t>/ioam/admin-config: The<dl spacing="normal"> <dt>/ioam/admin-config:</dt><dd>The items in the "admin-config" container above include thetop leveltop-level administrative configurations related to the IOAM functionalities and all the IOAM profiles. Unexpected changes to these items could lead tothe IOAM functiondisruptionand/or misbehaviorofall theIOAMprofiles.</t> </list></t> <t><list style="symbols"> <t>/ioam/profiles/profile: Thefunctions and/or misbehaving IOAM profiles.</dd> <dt>/ioam/profiles/profile:</dt><dd>The entries in the "profile" list above include the whole IOAM profile configurations. Unexpected changes to these entries could lead tothe mistake of theincorrect IOAM behavior for the corresponding flows. Consequently,it willsuch changes would impacttheperformance monitoring, data analytics, andtheassociatedreaction tointeractions with networkservices.</t> </list></t>services.</dd> </dl> <t>Some of the readable data nodes inthesethis YANGmodulesmodule may be considered sensitive or vulnerable in some network environments. It is thus important to control read access (e.g., via get, get-config, or notification) to these data nodes. These are the subtrees and data nodes and their sensitivity/vulnerability:</t><t><list style="symbols"> <t>/ioam/profiles/profile: The<dl spacing="normal"> <dt>/ioam/profiles/profile:</dt><dd>The information contained in this subtree mightgivereveal information about the services deployed forthe customers.Forcustomers. For instance, a customer might be given access to monitor the status of theirservices status.services. Inthat example,this scenario, thecustomercustomer's access should be restricted to nodes representing their services so as not to divulge information about the underlying network structure orservices.</t> </list></t> <t/>services.</dd> </dl> </section> <section anchor="IANA"title="IANA Considerations"> <t>RFC Ed.: In this section, replace all occurrences of 'XXXX' with the actual RFC number (and remove this note).</t>numbered="true" toc="default"> <name>IANA Considerations</name> <t>IANAis requested to assign a newhas registered the following URIfromin the <xreftarget="RFC3688">IETFtarget="RFC3688" format="default">"IETF XMLRegistry</xref>. The following URI is suggested:</t> <t><figure> <artwork align="left"><![CDATA[ URI: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-ioam Registrant Contact: The IESG. XML: N/A;Registry"</xref>:</t> <dl spacing="compact"> <dt>URI:</dt><dd>urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-ioam</dd> <dt>Registrant Contact:</dt><dd>The IESG.</dd> <dt>XML:</dt><dd>N/A; the requested URI is an XMLnamespace.]]></artwork> </figure></t> <t>This document also requests a newnamespace.</dd> </dl> <t>IANA has registered the following YANG modulenamein the <xreftarget="RFC7950">YANGtarget="RFC6020" format="default">"YANG ModuleNames registry</xref> with the following suggestion:</t> <t><figure> <artwork align="left"><![CDATA[ name: ietf-ioam namespace: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-ioam prefix: ioam reference: RFC XXXX]]></artwork> </figure></t> </section> <section anchor="Acknowledgements" title="Acknowledgements"> <t>For their valuable comments, discussions, and feedback, we wish to acknowledge Greg Mirsky, Reshad Rahman, Tom Petch, Mickey Spiegel, Thomas Graf, Alex Huang Feng and Justin Iurman.</t>Names" registry</xref>:</t> <dl spacing="compact"> <dt>Name:</dt><dd>ietf-ioam</dd> <dt>Namespace:</dt><dd>urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-ioam</dd> <dt>Prefix:</dt><dd>ioam</dd> <dt>Reference:</dt><dd>RFC 9617</dd> </dl> </section> </middle> <back><references title="Normative References"> <?rfc include='reference.RFC.2119'?> <?rfc include='reference.RFC.8174'?> <?rfc include='reference.RFC.7950'?> <?rfc include='reference.RFC.8340'?> <?rfc include='reference.RFC.8342'?> <?rfc include='reference.RFC.3688'?> <?rfc include='reference.RFC.6241'?> <?rfc include='reference.RFC.8040'?> <?rfc include='reference.RFC.6242'?> <?rfc include='reference.RFC.8446'?> <?rfc include='reference.RFC.8341'?> <?rfc include='reference.RFC.8343'?> <?rfc include='reference.RFC.8519'?> <?rfc include='reference.RFC.8532'?> <?rfc include='reference.RFC.9197'?> <?rfc include='reference.RFC.9326'?> <?rfc include='reference.RFC.9452'?> <?rfc include='reference.RFC.9486'?><references> <name>Normative References</name> <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.2119.xml"/> <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.8174.xml"/> <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.7950.xml"/> <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.6020.xml"/> <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.8340.xml"/> <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.8342.xml"/> <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.3688.xml"/> <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.6241.xml"/> <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.8040.xml"/> <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.6242.xml"/> <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.8446.xml"/> <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.8341.xml"/> <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.8343.xml"/> <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.8519.xml"/> <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.8532.xml"/> <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.9197.xml"/> <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.9326.xml"/> <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.9452.xml"/> <xi:include href="https://bib.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.9486.xml"/> <reference anchor="W3C.REC-xml11-20060816" target="https://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml11-20060816"> <front> <title>Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.1 (Second Edition) </title> <author initials="T." surname="Bray" fullname="Tim Bray"> <organization/> </author> <author initials="J." surname="Paoli" fullname="Jean Paoli"> <organization/> </author> <author initials="C. M." surname="Sperberg-McQueen" fullname="Michael Sperberg-McQueen"> <organization/> </author> <author initials="E." surname="Maler" fullname="Eve Maler"> <organization/> </author> <author initials="F." surname="Yergeau" fullname="François Yergeau"> <organization/> </author> <author initials="J." surname="Cowan" fullname="John Cowan"> <organization/> </author> <date month="August" year="2006"/> </front> <refcontent>W3C Consortium Recommendation REC-xml11-20060816</refcontent> </reference> </references> <sectiontitle="Annumbered="true" toc="default"> <name>An Example of the Incremental TracingProfile">Profile</name> <t>An XML example (per <xref target="W3C.REC-xml11-20060816"/>) ofincremental tracing profilethe Incremental Tracing Profile is depicted in the following figure. This configuration is received by an IOAM ingress node. This node encapsulates the IOAM data in the IPv6 Hop-by-Hop option header. The trace type indicates that eachon pathon-path nodeneedneeds to capture the transitdelay,delay and add the data to the IOAM node data list. The incremental tracing data space isvariable,variable; however, the node data list must not exceed 512 bytes.</t><t><figure> <artwork><![CDATA[<rpc<sourcecode name="" type="xml"><![CDATA[<rpc xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:base:1.0" message-id="101"> <edit-config> <target> <candidate/> </target> <config> <ioam xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-ioam"> <admin-config> <enabled>true</enabled> </admin-config> <profiles> <profile> <profile-name>ietf-test-profile</profile-name> <protocol-type>ipv6</protocol-type> <incremental-tracing-profile> <node-action>action-encapsulate</node-action> <trace-types> <use-namespace>default-namespace</use-namespace> <trace-type>trace-transit-delay</trace-type> </trace-types> <max-length>512</max-length> </incremental-tracing-profile> </profile> </profiles> </ioam> </config> </edit-config></rpc>]]></artwork> </figure></t> <t/></rpc> ]]></sourcecode> </section> <sectiontitle="Annumbered="true" toc="default"> <name>An Example of the Pre-allocated TracingProfile">Profile</name> <t>An example ofpre-allocated tracing profilethe Pre-allocated Tracing Profile is depicted in the following figure. This configuration is received by an IOAM ingress node. This nodefirstlyfirst identifies the target flow by using the ACL"test-acl",parameter "test-acl" and then encapsulates the IOAM data in theNSH header.NSH. The trace type indicates that eachon pathon-path nodeneedneeds to capture thename space specificnamespace-specific data intheshortformat,format and add the data to the IOAM node data list. This nodepreallocatespre-allocates the node data list in thepackectpacket with 512 bytes.</t><t><figure> <artwork><![CDATA[<rpc<sourcecode name="" type="xml"><![CDATA[<rpc xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:base:1.0" message-id="101"> <edit-config> <target> <candidate/> </target> <config> <ioam xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-ioam"> <admin-config> <enabled>true</enabled> </admin-config> <profiles> <profile> <profile-name>ietf-test-profile</profile-name> <filter> <filter-type>acl-filter</filter-type> <ace-name>test-acl</ace-name> </filter> <protocol-type>nsh</protocol-type> <preallocated-tracing-profile> <node-action>action-encapsulate</node-action> <trace-types> <use-namespace>default-namespace</use-namespace> <trace-type>trace-namespace-data</trace-type> </trace-types> <max-length>512</max-length> </preallocated-tracing-profile> </profile> </profiles> </ioam> </config> </edit-config></rpc>]]></artwork> </figure></t></rpc> ]]></sourcecode> </section> <sectiontitle="Annumbered="true" toc="default"> <name>An Example of the Direct ExportProfile">Profile</name> <t>An example ofdirect export profilethe Direct Export Profile is depicted in the following figure. This configuration is received by an IOAM egress node. This node detects the IOAMdirect export optionDirect Export Option in the IPv6 extensionheader,header and removes the option to clean all the IOAM data.</t><t><figure> <artwork><![CDATA[<rpc<sourcecode name="" type="xml"><![CDATA[<rpc xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:base:1.0" message-id="101"> <edit-config> <target> <candidate/> </target> <config> <ioam xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-ioam"> <admin-config> <enabled>true</enabled> </admin-config> <profiles> <profile> <profile-name>ietf-test-profile</profile-name> <protocol-type>ipv6</protocol-type> <direct-export-profile> <node-action>action-decapsulate</node-action> </direct-export-profile> </profile> </profiles> </ioam> </config> </edit-config></rpc>]]></artwork> </figure></t></rpc> ]]></sourcecode> </section> <sectiontitle="Annumbered="true" toc="default"> <name>An Example of the Proof of TransitProfile"> <t>The following figure is aProfile</name> <t>A simple example ofPOT option.the Proof of Transit Profile is depicted in the following figure. This configuration indicates the node to apply POT type 0 with IPv6 encapsulation.</t><t><figure> <artwork><![CDATA[<rpc<sourcecode name="" type="xml"><![CDATA[<rpc xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:base:1.0" message-id="101"> <edit-config> <target> <candidate/> </target> <config> <ioam xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-ioam"> <admin-config> <enabled>true</enabled> </admin-config> <profiles> <profile> <profile-name>ietf-test-profile</profile-name> <protocol-type>ipv6</protocol-type> <pot-profile> <pot-type>pot-type-0</pot-type> </pot-profile> </profile> </profiles> </ioam> </config> </edit-config></rpc>]]></artwork> </figure></t></rpc> ]]></sourcecode> </section> <sectiontitle="Annumbered="true" toc="default"> <name>An Example of the Edge-to-EdgeProfile"> <t>The following figure shows anProfile</name> <t>An example ofedge-to-edge option.the Edge-to-Edge Profile is depicted in the following figure. This configuration is received by an IOAM egress node. This node detects the IOAMedge-to-edge optionEdge-to-Edge Option in the IPv6 extensionheader,header and removes the option to clean all the IOAM data. As the IOAM egress node, it may collect the edge-to-edge data and deliver it to thedata exportingdata-exporting process.</t><t><figure> <artwork><![CDATA[<rpc<sourcecode name="" type="xml"><![CDATA[<rpc xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:base:1.0" message-id="101"> <edit-config> <target> <candidate/> </target> <config> <ioam xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-ioam"> <admin-config> <enabled>true</enabled> </admin-config> <profiles> <profile> <profile-name>ietf-test-profile</profile-name> <protocol-type>ipv6</protocol-type> <e2e-profile> <node-action>action-decapsulate</node-action> </e2e-profile> </profile> </profiles> </ioam> </config> </edit-config></rpc>]]></artwork> </figure></t></rpc> ]]></sourcecode> </section> <section anchor="Acknowledgements" numbered="false" toc="default"> <name>Acknowledgements</name> <t>For their valuable comments, discussions, and feedback, we wish to acknowledge <contact fullname="Greg Mirsky"/>, <contact fullname="Reshad Rahman"/>, <contact fullname="Tom Petch"/>, <contact fullname="Mickey Spiegel"/>, <contact fullname="Thomas Graf"/>, <contact fullname="Alex Huang Feng"/>, and <contact fullname="Justin Iurman"/>.</t> </section> </back> </rfc>