Network Working Group S. Dhesikan Internet Draft Cisco Systems Intended status: Standards Track D. Druta, Ed. Expires: September 2013 AT&T P. Jones J. Polk Cisco Systems March 10, 2013 DSCP and other packet markings for RTCWeb QoS draft-dhesikan-tsvwg-rtcweb-qos-01 Abstract Many networks, such as service provider and private networks, can provide per packet treatments based on Differentiated Services Code Points (DSCP) on a per hop basis. This document provides the recommended DSCP values for browsers to use for various classes of traffic. Status of this Memo This Internet-Draft is submitted to IETF in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet- Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." This Internet-Draft will expire on September 10, 2013. Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2013 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect Dhesikan, et al. Expires September 10, 2013 [Page 1] Internet-Draft RTCWeb QoS February 2013 to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License. Table of Contents 1. Introduction...................................................2 2. Relation to Other Standards....................................3 3. Conventions used in this document..............................3 4. Inputs.........................................................3 5. DSCP Mappings..................................................4 6. QCI Mappings...................................................5 7. Wi-Fi Mappings.................................................5 8. W3C API Implications...........................................6 9. Security Considerations........................................6 10. IANA Considerations...........................................6 11. Downward References...........................................6 12. Document History..............................................7 13. References....................................................7 13.1. Normative References.....................................7 13.2. Informative References...................................7 14. Acknowledgements..............................................7 Appendix A. Code Hints............................................9 1. Introduction Differentiated Services Code Points (DSCP) [RFC2474] style packet marking can help provide QoS in some environments. There are many use cases where such marking does not help, but it seldom makes things worse if packets are marked appropriately. In other words, when attempting to avoid congestion by marking certain traffic flows, say all audio or all audio and video, marking too many audio and/or video flows for a given network's capacity can prevent desirable results. Either too much other traffic will be starved, or there is not enough capacity for the preferentially marked packets (i.e., audio and/or video). This draft proposes how a browser and other VoIP applications can mark packets. This draft does not contradict or redefine any advice from previous IETF RFCs but simply provides a simple set of recommendations for implementers based on the previous RFCs. There are some environments where priority markings frequently help. These include: 1. Private networks (Wide Area) Dhesikan, et al. Expires September 10, 2013 [Page 2] Internet-Draft RTCWeb QoS February 2013 2. If the congested link is the broadband uplink in a Cable or DSL scenario, often residential routers/NAT support preferential treatment based on DSCP. 3. If the congested link is a local Wi-Fi network, marking may help. 4. In some cellular style deployments, markings may help in cases where the network does not remove them. Traditionally, DSCP values have been thought of as being site specific, with each site selecting its own code points for each QoS level. However in the RTCWeb use cases, the browsers need to set them to something when there is no site specific information. This document describes a reasonable default set of DSCP code point values drawn from existing RFCs and common usage. These code points are solely defaults. Future drafts may define mechanisms for site specific mappings to override the values provided in this draft. This draft defines some inputs that the browser can look at to determine how to set the various packet markings and defines a mapping from abstract QoS policies (media type, priority level) to those packet markings. 2. Relation to Other Standards This specification does not change or override the advice in any other standards about setting packet markings. It simply provides a non-normative summary of them and provides the context of how they relate into the RTCWeb context. This document also specifies the requirements for the W3C WebRTC API to understand what it needs to control, and how the control splits between things the JavaScript application running in the browser can control and things the browser needs to control. In some cases, such as DSCP where the normative RFC leaves open multiple options to choose from, this clarifies which choice should be used in the RTCWeb context. 3. Conventions used in this document The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119]. 4. Inputs The following are the inputs that the browser provides to the media engine: o Type of flow: The browser provides this input as it knows if the flow is audio, video, or data. In this specification, both interactive and streaming media are included. They are treated Dhesikan, et al. Expires September 10, 2013 [Page 3] Internet-Draft RTCWeb QoS February 2013 in different categories as their QoS requirements are slightly different. If the type of flow is multiplexed content, then the input is a list of the type of flows that are multiplexed within the single stream. o Session Context: This input provides the session context for the type of flow. For example, the type of flow may be audio. The flow may be part of a VoIP session or an audio/video session. Such session context information helps the media engine and the underlying network to make decisions on how to treat the audio flow which may differ based on the entire session to which the flow belongs. The browser should know this information. o Relative priority: Another input is the relative treatment of the stream within that session. Many applications have multiple video flows and often some are more important than others. JavaScript applications can tell the browser whether a particular media flow is high, medium, or low importance to the application. 5. DSCP Mappings Below is a table of DSCP markings for each media type in which RTCWeb is interested. These DSCPs for each media type listed are a reasonable default set of code point values taken from [RFC4594]. A web browser SHOULD use these values to mark the appropriate media packets. More information on EF can be found in [RFC3246]. More information on AF can be found in [RFC2597]. In a multiplexed session the flow may either be all mapped to a single or to multiple DSCPs one per flow. If some networks cannot handle multiplexed traffic, then [I-D.ietf-rtcweb-rtp-usage] provides the capability to disable multiplexing. +-----------------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Media Type | Low | Medium | High | +-----------------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Audio | 46 (EF) | 46 (EF) | 46 (EF) | | Interactive Video | 38 (AF43) | 36 (AF42) | 34 (AF41) | | Non-Interactive Video | 26 (AF33) | 28 (AF32) | 30 (AF31) | | Data | 8 (CS1) | 0 (BE) | 10 (AF11) | +-----------------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ Table 1 - Media Type, Priority, and DSCP Mapping Dhesikan, et al. Expires September 10, 2013 [Page 4] Internet-Draft RTCWeb QoS February 2013 6. QCI Mappings +-----------------------+-----+--------+------+ | Media Type | Low | Medium | High | +-----------------------+-----+--------+------+ | Audio | 1 | 1 | 1 | | Interactive Video | 2 | 2 | 2 | | Non-Interactive Video | 8 | 6 | 4 | | Data | 9 | 9 | 3 | +-----------------------+-----+--------+------+ Table 2 - Media Type, Priority, and QCI Values This corresponds to the mapping provided in TODO REF which are: +-------+--------+-----+--------------------------------------------+ | Value | | | Use | +-------+--------+-----+--------------------------------------------+ | 1 | GBR | 2 | Interactive Voice | | 2 | GBR | 4 | Interactive Video | | 3 | GBR | 5 | Non-Interactive Video | | 4 | GBR | 3 | Real Time Gaming | | 5 | Non-BG | R 1 | IMS Signaling | | 6 | Non-BG | R 7 | interactive Voice, video, games | | 7-9 | Non-BG | R 6 | non interactive video / TCP web, email, / | | | | | Platinum vs gold user | +-------+--------+-----+--------------------------------------------+ Table 3 - Media Type, Priority, and QCI Mapping (LTE) 7. Wi-Fi Mappings +-----------------------+-----+--------+------+ | Media Type | Low | Medium | High | +-----------------------+-----+--------+------+ | Audio | 6 | 6 | 6 | | Interactive Video | 5 | 5 | 5 | | Non-Interactive Video | 4 | 4 | 4 | | Data | 1 | 0 | 3 | +-----------------------+-----+--------+------+ Table 4 - Media Type, Priority, and 802.1d (UP) Values This corresponds to the mappings from TODO REF of: Dhesikan, et al. Expires September 10, 2013 [Page 5] Internet-Draft RTCWeb QoS February 2013 +-------+----+------------------+---------------------+-------------+ | Value | | Traffic Type | Access Category | Designation | | | | | (AC) | | +-------+----+------------------+---------------------+-------------+ | 1 | BK | Background | AC_BK | Background | | 2 | - | (spare) | AC_BK | Background | | 0 | BE | Best Effort | AC_BE | Best Effort | | 3 | EE | Excellent Effort | AC_BE | Best Effort | | 4 | CL | Controlled Load | AC_VI | Video | | 5 | VI | Video | AC_VI | Video | | 6 | VO | Voice | AC_VO | Voice | | 7 | NC | Network Control | AC_VO | Voice | +-------+----+------------------+---------------------+-------------+ Table 5 - Wi-Fi Priority (UP) / Access Category Mapping 8. W3C API Implications To work with this proposal, the W3C specification SHOULD provide a way to specify the importance of media and data streams. The W3C API SHOULD also provide a way for the application to find out the source and destination IP and ports of any flow as well as the DSCP value or other markings in use for that flow. The JavaScript application can then communicate this to a web service that may install a particular policy for that flow. The W3C API SHOULD NOT provide a way for the JavaScript to arbitrarily set the marking to any value of the JavaScript choosing as this reduces the security provided by the browser knowing the media type. 9. Security Considerations TODO - discuss implications of what browser can set and what JavaScript can set 10. IANA Considerations This specification does not require any actions from IANA. 11. Downward References This specification contains a downwards reference to [RFC4594]. However, the parts of that RFC used by this specification are sufficiently stable for this downward reference. Dhesikan, et al. Expires September 10, 2013 [Page 6] Internet-Draft RTCWeb QoS February 2013 12. Document History Note to RFC Editor: Please remove this section. This document was originally an individual submission in RTCWeb WG. The RTCWeb working group selected it to be become a WG document. Later the transport ADs requested that this be moved to the TSVWG WG as that seemed to be a better match. This document is now being submitted as individual submission to the TSVWG with the hope that WG will select it as a WG draft and move it forward to an RFC. 13. References 13.1. Normative References [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997. [RFC4594] Babiarz, J., Chan, K., and F. Baker, "Configuration Guidelines for DiffServ Service Classes", RFC 4594, August 2006. 13.2. Informative References [RFC2474] Nichols, K., Blake, S., Baker, F., and D. Black, "Definition of the Differentiated Services Field (DS Field) in the IPv4 and IPv6 Headers", RFC 2474, December 1998. [RFC2597] Heinanen, J., Baker, F., Weiss, W., and J. Wroclawski, "Assured Forwarding PHB Group", RFC 2597, June 1999. [RFC3246] Davie, B., Charny, A., Bennet, J., Benson, K., Le Boudec, J., Courtney, W., Davari, S., Firoiu, V., and D. Stiliadis, "An Expedited Forwarding PHB (Per-Hop Behavior)", RFC 3246, March 2002. [I-D.ietf-rtcweb-rtp-usage] Perkins, C., Westerlund, M., and J. Ott, "Web Real-Time Communication (WebRTC): Media Transport and Use of RTP", draft-ietf-rtcweb-rtp-usage-05 (work in progress), October 2012. 14. Acknowledgements Cullen Jennings was one of the authors of this text in the original individual submission but was unceremoniously kicked off by the chairs when it became a WG version. Thanks for hints on code to do Dhesikan, et al. Expires September 10, 2013 [Page 7] Internet-Draft RTCWeb QoS February 2013 this from Paolo Severini, Jim Hasselbrook, Joe Marcus, and Erik Nordmark. This document was prepared using 2-Word-v2.0.template.dot. Dhesikan, et al. Expires September 10, 2013 [Page 8] Internet-Draft RTCWeb QoS February 2013 Appendix A. Code Hints On windows setting the source interface works but BSD, OSX, Linux use weak end-system model and will route out different interface if that looks like a better route. (TODO - Can someone verify this with specific versions?) In windows you might be able to tell something about priority of an interface for ICE purposes with WlanQueryInterface or GetIfTable. The specific mechanisms required to set DSCP code points depend on the application platform. In windows, setting the DSCP is not easy. See Knowledge Base Article KB248611. TODO - add more information about what can be done for windows. For most Unix variants, the following program can set DSCP. TODO - make this work in V6. For v6 have a look at IPv6_TCLASS or better the tclass part of sin6_flowid for IPv6 TODO - Can someone test and report back results of program in iOS, Android, Linux, OSX, BSD. Example test program: #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #define MSG "Hello, World!" int main(void) { int sock = -1; struct sockaddr *local_addr = NULL; struct sockaddr_in sockin, host; int tos = 0x60; /* CS3 */ socklen_t socksiz = 0; char *buffer = NULL; sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0); if (sock < 0) { Dhesikan, et al. Expires September 10, 2013 [Page 9] Internet-Draft RTCWeb QoS February 2013 fprintf(stderr,"Error: %s\n", strerror(errno)); exit(-1); } memset(&sockin, 0, sizeof(sockin)); sockin.sin_family = PF_INET; sockin.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("11.1.1.1"); socksiz = sizeof(sockin); local_addr = (struct sockaddr *) &sockin; /* Set ToS/DSCP */ if (setsockopt(sock, IPPROTO_IP, IP_TOS, &tos, sizeof(tos)) < 0) { fprintf(stderr,"Error setting TOS: %s\n", strerror(errno)); } /* Bind to a specific local address */ if (bind(sock, local_addr, socksiz) < 0) { fprintf(stderr, "Error binding to socket: %s\n", strerror(errno)); close(sock); sock=-1; exit(-1); } buffer = (char *) malloc(strlen(MSG) + 1); if ( buffer == NULL ) { fprintf(stderr, "Error allocating memory: %s\n", strerror(errno)); close( sock ); sock=-1; exit(-1); } strlcpy(buffer, MSG, strlen(MSG) + 1); memset(&host, 0, sizeof(host)); host.sin_family = PF_INET; host.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("10.1.1.1"); host.sin_port = htons(12345); if (sendto(sock, buffer, strlen(buffer), 0, (struct sockaddr *) &host, sizeof(host)) < 0) { fprintf(stderr, "Error sending message: %s\n", strerror(errno)); close(sock); sock=-1; free(buffer); buffer=NULL; exit(-1); } free(buffer); buffer=NULL; close(sock); Dhesikan, et al. Expires September 10, 2013 [Page 10] Internet-Draft RTCWeb QoS February 2013 sock=-1; return 0; } Dhesikan, et al. Expires September 10, 2013 [Page 11] Internet-Draft RTCWeb QoS February 2013 Authors' Addresses Subha Dhesikan Cisco Systems, Inc. 170 W Tasman St San Jose, CA 95134 USA Email: sdhesika@cisco.com Dan Druta AT&T Email: dd5826@att.com Paul E. Jones Cisco Systems, Inc. 7025 Kit Creek Rd Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 USA Email: paulej@packetizer.com James Polk Cisco Systems, Inc. 3913 Treemont Circle Colleyville, Texas 75082 USA Email: jmpolk@cisco.com Dhesikan, et al. Expires September 10, 2013 [Page 12]