/*****************************************************************************

Copyright (c) 2014, 2024, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
the terms of the GNU General Public License, version 2.0, as published by the
Free Software Foundation.

This program is designed to work with certain software (including
but not limited to OpenSSL) that is licensed under separate terms,
as designated in a particular file or component or in included license
documentation.  The authors of MySQL hereby grant you an additional
permission to link the program and your derivative works with the
separately licensed software that they have either included with
the program or referenced in the documentation.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS
FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License, version 2.0,
for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301  USA

*****************************************************************************/

/** @file gis/gis0rtree.cc
 InnoDB R-tree interfaces

 Created 2013/03/27 Allen Lai and Jimmy Yang
 ***********************************************************************/

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <cmath>

#include "fsp0fsp.h"
#include "gis0rtree.h"

#include "my_dbug.h"

#include "page0cur.h"
#include "page0page.h"
#include "page0zip.h"

#include "btr0cur.h"
#include "btr0pcur.h"
#include "btr0sea.h"
#include "gis0geo.h"
#include "ibuf0ibuf.h"
#include "lock0lock.h"
#include "rem0cmp.h"
#include "srv0mon.h"
#include "trx0trx.h"

/** Initial split nodes info for R-tree split.
 @return initialized split nodes array */
static rtr_split_node_t *rtr_page_split_initialize_nodes(
    mem_heap_t *heap,      /*!< in: pointer to memory heap, or NULL */
    btr_cur_t *cursor,     /*!< in: cursor at which to insert; when the
                           function returns, the cursor is positioned
                           on the predecessor of the inserted record */
    ulint **offsets,       /*!< in: offsets on inserted record */
    const dtuple_t *tuple, /*!< in: tuple to insert */
    double **buf_pos)      /*!< in/out: current buffer position */
{
  rtr_split_node_t *split_node_array;
  double *buf;
  ulint n_recs;
  rtr_split_node_t *task;
  rtr_split_node_t *stop;
  rtr_split_node_t *cur;
  rec_t *rec;
  buf_block_t *block;
  page_t *page;
  ulint n_uniq;
  ulint len;
  const byte *source_cur;

  block = btr_cur_get_block(cursor);
  page = buf_block_get_frame(block);
  n_uniq = dict_index_get_n_unique_in_tree(cursor->index);

  n_recs = page_get_n_recs(page) + 1;

  /*We reserve 2 MBRs memory space for temp result of split
  algrithm. And plus the new mbr that need to insert, we
  need (n_recs + 3)*MBR size for storing all MBRs.*/
  buf = static_cast<double *>(mem_heap_alloc(
      heap,
      DATA_MBR_LEN * (n_recs + 3) + sizeof(rtr_split_node_t) * (n_recs + 1)));

  split_node_array = (rtr_split_node_t *)(buf + SPDIMS * 2 * (n_recs + 3));
  task = split_node_array;
  *buf_pos = buf;
  stop = task + n_recs;

  rec = page_rec_get_next(page_get_infimum_rec(page));
  *offsets = rec_get_offsets(rec, cursor->index, *offsets, n_uniq,
                             UT_LOCATION_HERE, &heap);

  source_cur = rec_get_nth_field(cursor->index, rec, *offsets, 0, &len);

  for (cur = task; cur < stop - 1; ++cur) {
    cur->coords = reserve_coords(buf_pos, SPDIMS);
    cur->key = rec;

    memcpy(cur->coords, source_cur, DATA_MBR_LEN);

    rec = page_rec_get_next(rec);
    *offsets = rec_get_offsets(rec, cursor->index, *offsets, n_uniq,
                               UT_LOCATION_HERE, &heap);
    source_cur = rec_get_nth_field(cursor->index, rec, *offsets, 0, &len);
  }

  /* Put the insert key to node list */
  source_cur =
      static_cast<byte *>(dfield_get_data(dtuple_get_nth_field(tuple, 0)));
  cur->coords = reserve_coords(buf_pos, SPDIMS);
  rec = (byte *)mem_heap_alloc(heap,
                               rec_get_converted_size(cursor->index, tuple));

  rec = rec_convert_dtuple_to_rec(rec, cursor->index, tuple);
  cur->key = rec;

  memcpy(cur->coords, source_cur, DATA_MBR_LEN);

  return split_node_array;
}

dtuple_t *rtr_index_build_node_ptr(const dict_index_t *index,
                                   const rtr_mbr_t *mbr, const rec_t *rec,
                                   page_no_t page_no, mem_heap_t *heap) {
  dtuple_t *tuple;
  dfield_t *field;
  byte *buf;
  ulint n_unique;
  ulint info_bits;

  ut_ad(dict_index_is_spatial(index));

  n_unique = DICT_INDEX_SPATIAL_NODEPTR_SIZE;

  tuple = dtuple_create(heap, n_unique + 1);

  /* For rtree internal node, we need to compare page number
  fields. */
  dtuple_set_n_fields_cmp(tuple, n_unique + 1);

  dict_index_copy_types(tuple, index, n_unique);

  /* Write page no field */
  buf = static_cast<byte *>(mem_heap_alloc(heap, 4));

  mach_write_to_4(buf, page_no);

  field = dtuple_get_nth_field(tuple, n_unique);
  dfield_set_data(field, buf, 4);

  dtype_set(dfield_get_type(field), DATA_SYS_CHILD, DATA_NOT_NULL, 4);

  /* Set info bits. */
  info_bits = rec_get_info_bits(rec, dict_table_is_comp(index->table));
  dtuple_set_info_bits(tuple, info_bits | REC_STATUS_NODE_PTR);

  /* Set mbr as index entry data */
  field = dtuple_get_nth_field(tuple, 0);

  buf = static_cast<byte *>(mem_heap_alloc(heap, DATA_MBR_LEN));

  rtr_write_mbr(buf, mbr);

  dfield_set_data(field, buf, DATA_MBR_LEN);

  ut_ad(dtuple_check_typed(tuple));

  return (tuple);
}

/** In-place update the mbr field of a spatial index row. */
static void rtr_update_mbr_field_in_place(
    dict_index_t *index, /*!< in: spatial index. */
    rec_t *rec,          /*!< in/out: rec to be modified.*/
    ulint *offsets,      /*!< in/out: offsets on rec. */
    rtr_mbr_t *mbr,      /*!< in: the new mbr. */
    mtr_t *mtr)          /*!< in: mtr */
{
  void *new_mbr_ptr;
  double new_mbr[SPDIMS * 2];
  byte *log_ptr = nullptr;
  ulint len = DATA_MBR_LEN;
  ulint flags = BTR_NO_UNDO_LOG_FLAG | BTR_NO_LOCKING_FLAG | BTR_KEEP_SYS_FLAG;
  ulint rec_info;

  rtr_write_mbr(reinterpret_cast<byte *>(&new_mbr), mbr);
  new_mbr_ptr = static_cast<void *>(new_mbr);
  /* Otherwise, set the mbr to the new_mbr. */
  rec_set_nth_field(index, rec, offsets, 0, new_mbr_ptr, len);

  rec_info = rec_get_info_bits(rec, rec_offs_comp(offsets));

  /* Write redo log. */
  /* For now, we use LOG_REC_UPDATE_IN_PLACE to log this enlarge.
  In the future, we may need to add a new log type for this. */
  const bool opened = mlog_open_and_write_index(
      mtr, rec, index, MLOG_REC_UPDATE_IN_PLACE,
      1 + DATA_ROLL_PTR_LEN + 14 + 2 + MLOG_BUF_MARGIN, log_ptr);

  if (!opened) {
    /* Logging in mtr is switched off during
    crash recovery */
    return;
  }

  /* Flags */
  mach_write_to_1(log_ptr, flags);
  log_ptr++;
  /* TRX_ID Position */
  log_ptr += mach_write_compressed(log_ptr, 0);
  /* ROLL_PTR */
  trx_write_roll_ptr(log_ptr, 0);
  log_ptr += DATA_ROLL_PTR_LEN;
  /* TRX_ID */
  log_ptr += mach_u64_write_compressed(log_ptr, 0);

  /* Offset */
  mach_write_to_2(log_ptr, page_offset(rec));
  log_ptr += 2;
  /* Info bits */
  mach_write_to_1(log_ptr, rec_info);
  log_ptr++;
  /* N fields */
  log_ptr += mach_write_compressed(log_ptr, 1);
  /* Field no, len */
  log_ptr += mach_write_compressed(log_ptr, 0);
  log_ptr += mach_write_compressed(log_ptr, len);
  /* Data */
  memcpy(log_ptr, new_mbr_ptr, len);
  log_ptr += len;

  mlog_close(mtr, log_ptr);

  return;
}

/** Update the mbr field of a spatial index row.
 @return true if update is successful */
bool rtr_update_mbr_field(
    btr_cur_t *cursor,  /*!< in/out: cursor pointed to rec.*/
    ulint *offsets,     /*!< in/out: offsets on rec. */
    btr_cur_t *cursor2, /*!< in/out: cursor pointed to rec
                        that should be deleted.
                        this cursor is for btr_compress to
                        delete the merged page's father rec.*/
    page_t *child_page, /*!< in: child page. */
    rtr_mbr_t *mbr,     /*!< in: the new mbr. */
    rec_t *new_rec,     /*!< in: rec to use */
    mtr_t *mtr)         /*!< in: mtr */
{
  dict_index_t *index = cursor->index;
  mem_heap_t *heap;
  page_t *page;
  rec_t *rec;
  uint32_t flags =
      BTR_NO_UNDO_LOG_FLAG | BTR_NO_LOCKING_FLAG | BTR_KEEP_SYS_FLAG;
  dberr_t err;
  big_rec_t *dummy_big_rec;
  buf_block_t *block;
  rec_t *child_rec;
  ulint up_match = 0;
  ulint low_match = 0;
  page_no_t child;
  ulint rec_info;
  page_zip_des_t *page_zip;
  bool ins_suc = true;
  ulint cur2_pos = 0;
  page_no_t del_page_no = 0;
  ulint *offsets2;

  rec = btr_cur_get_rec(cursor);
  page = page_align(rec);

  rec_info = rec_get_info_bits(rec, rec_offs_comp(offsets));

  heap = mem_heap_create(100, UT_LOCATION_HERE);
  block = btr_cur_get_block(cursor);
  ut_ad(page == buf_block_get_frame(block));
  page_zip = buf_block_get_page_zip(block);

  child = btr_node_ptr_get_child_page_no(rec, offsets);

  if (new_rec) {
    child_rec = new_rec;
  } else {
    child_rec = page_rec_get_next(page_get_infimum_rec(child_page));
  }

  dtuple_t *node_ptr =
      rtr_index_build_node_ptr(index, mbr, child_rec, child, heap);

  /* We need to remember the child page no of cursor2, since page could be
  reorganized or insert a new rec before it. */
  if (cursor2) {
    rec_t *del_rec = btr_cur_get_rec(cursor2);
    offsets2 = rec_get_offsets(btr_cur_get_rec(cursor2), index, nullptr,
                               ULINT_UNDEFINED, UT_LOCATION_HERE, &heap);
    del_page_no = btr_node_ptr_get_child_page_no(del_rec, offsets2);
    cur2_pos = page_rec_get_n_recs_before(btr_cur_get_rec(cursor2));
  }

  if (rec_info & REC_INFO_MIN_REC_FLAG) {
    /* When the rec is minimal rec in this level, we do
     in-place update for avoiding it move to other place. */

    if (page_zip) {
      /* Check if there's enough space for in-place
      update the zip page. */
      if (!btr_cur_update_alloc_zip(page_zip, btr_cur_get_page_cur(cursor),
                                    index, offsets, rec_offs_size(offsets),
                                    false, mtr)) {
        /* If there's not enough space for
        inplace update zip page, we do delete
        insert. */
        ins_suc = false;

        /* Since btr_cur_update_alloc_zip could
        reorganize the page, we need to reposition
        cursor2. */
        if (cursor2) {
          cursor2->page_cur.rec = page_rec_get_nth(page, cur2_pos);
        }

        goto update_mbr;
      }

      /* Record could be repositioned */
      rec = btr_cur_get_rec(cursor);

#ifdef UNIV_DEBUG
      /* Make sure it is still the first record */
      rec_info = rec_get_info_bits(rec, rec_offs_comp(offsets));
      ut_ad(rec_info & REC_INFO_MIN_REC_FLAG);
#endif /* UNIV_DEBUG */
    }

    rtr_update_mbr_field_in_place(index, rec, offsets, mbr, mtr);

    if (page_zip) {
      page_zip_write_rec(page_zip, rec, index, offsets, 0);
    }

    if (cursor2) {
      ulint *offsets2;

      if (page_zip) {
        cursor2->page_cur.rec = page_rec_get_nth(page, cur2_pos);
      }
      offsets2 = rec_get_offsets(btr_cur_get_rec(cursor2), index, nullptr,
                                 ULINT_UNDEFINED, UT_LOCATION_HERE, &heap);
      ut_ad(del_page_no ==
            btr_node_ptr_get_child_page_no(cursor2->page_cur.rec, offsets2));

      page_cur_delete_rec(btr_cur_get_page_cur(cursor2), index, offsets2, mtr);
    }
  } else if (page_get_n_recs(page) == 1) {
    /* When there's only one rec in the page, we do insert/delete to
    avoid page merge. */

    page_cur_t page_cur;
    rec_t *insert_rec;
    ulint *insert_offsets = nullptr;
    ulint old_pos;
    rec_t *old_rec;

    ut_ad(cursor2 == nullptr);

    /* Insert the new mbr rec. */
    old_pos = page_rec_get_n_recs_before(rec);

    err = btr_cur_optimistic_insert(flags, cursor, &insert_offsets, &heap,
                                    node_ptr, &insert_rec, &dummy_big_rec,
                                    nullptr, mtr);

    ut_ad(err == DB_SUCCESS);

    btr_cur_position(index, insert_rec, block, cursor);

    /* Delete the old mbr rec. */
    old_rec = page_rec_get_nth(page, old_pos);
    ut_ad(old_rec != insert_rec);

    page_cur_position(old_rec, block, &page_cur);
    offsets2 = rec_get_offsets(old_rec, index, nullptr, ULINT_UNDEFINED,
                               UT_LOCATION_HERE, &heap);
    page_cur_delete_rec(&page_cur, index, offsets2, mtr);

  } else {
  update_mbr:
    /* When there're not only 1 rec in the page, we do delete/insert
    to avoid page split. */
    rec_t *insert_rec;
    ulint *insert_offsets = nullptr;
    rec_t *next_rec;

    /* Delete the rec which cursor point to. */
    next_rec = page_rec_get_next(rec);
    page_cur_delete_rec(btr_cur_get_page_cur(cursor), index, offsets, mtr);
    if (!ins_suc) {
      ut_ad(rec_info & REC_INFO_MIN_REC_FLAG);

      btr_set_min_rec_mark(next_rec, mtr);
    }

    /* If there's more than 1 rec left in the page, delete
    the rec which cursor2 point to. Otherwise, delete it later.*/
    if (cursor2 && page_get_n_recs(page) > 1) {
      ulint cur2_rec_info;
      rec_t *cur2_rec;

      cur2_rec = cursor2->page_cur.rec;
      offsets2 = rec_get_offsets(cur2_rec, index, nullptr, ULINT_UNDEFINED,
                                 UT_LOCATION_HERE, &heap);

      cur2_rec_info = rec_get_info_bits(cur2_rec, rec_offs_comp(offsets2));
      if (cur2_rec_info & REC_INFO_MIN_REC_FLAG) {
        /* If we delete the leftmost node
        pointer on a non-leaf level, we must
        mark the new leftmost node pointer as
        the predefined minimum record */
        rec_t *next_rec = page_rec_get_next(cur2_rec);
        btr_set_min_rec_mark(next_rec, mtr);
      }

      ut_ad(del_page_no == btr_node_ptr_get_child_page_no(cur2_rec, offsets2));
      page_cur_delete_rec(btr_cur_get_page_cur(cursor2), index, offsets2, mtr);
      cursor2 = nullptr;
    }

    /* Insert the new rec. */
    page_cur_search_with_match(block, index, node_ptr, PAGE_CUR_LE, &up_match,
                               &low_match, btr_cur_get_page_cur(cursor),
                               nullptr);

    err = btr_cur_optimistic_insert(flags, cursor, &insert_offsets, &heap,
                                    node_ptr, &insert_rec, &dummy_big_rec,
                                    nullptr, mtr);

    if (!ins_suc && err == DB_SUCCESS) {
      ins_suc = true;
    }

    /* If optimistic insert fail, try reorganize the page
    and insert again. */
    if (err != DB_SUCCESS && ins_suc) {
      btr_page_reorganize(btr_cur_get_page_cur(cursor), index, mtr);

      err = btr_cur_optimistic_insert(flags, cursor, &insert_offsets, &heap,
                                      node_ptr, &insert_rec, &dummy_big_rec,
                                      nullptr, mtr);

      /* Will do pessimistic insert */
      if (err != DB_SUCCESS) {
        ins_suc = false;
      }
    }

    /* Insert succeed, position cursor the inserted rec.*/
    if (ins_suc) {
      btr_cur_position(index, insert_rec, block, cursor);
      offsets = rec_get_offsets(insert_rec, index, offsets, ULINT_UNDEFINED,
                                UT_LOCATION_HERE, &heap);
    }

    /* Delete the rec which cursor2 point to. */
    if (cursor2) {
      ulint cur2_pno;
      rec_t *cur2_rec;

      cursor2->page_cur.rec = page_rec_get_nth(page, cur2_pos);

      cur2_rec = btr_cur_get_rec(cursor2);

      offsets2 = rec_get_offsets(cur2_rec, index, nullptr, ULINT_UNDEFINED,
                                 UT_LOCATION_HERE, &heap);

      /* If the cursor2 position is on a wrong rec, we
      need to reposition it. */
      cur2_pno = btr_node_ptr_get_child_page_no(cur2_rec, offsets2);
      if ((del_page_no != cur2_pno) || (cur2_rec == insert_rec)) {
        cur2_rec = page_rec_get_next(page_get_infimum_rec(page));

        while (!page_rec_is_supremum(cur2_rec)) {
          offsets2 = rec_get_offsets(cur2_rec, index, nullptr, ULINT_UNDEFINED,
                                     UT_LOCATION_HERE, &heap);
          cur2_pno = btr_node_ptr_get_child_page_no(cur2_rec, offsets2);
          if (cur2_pno == del_page_no) {
            if (insert_rec != cur2_rec) {
              cursor2->page_cur.rec = cur2_rec;
              break;
            }
          }
          cur2_rec = page_rec_get_next(cur2_rec);
        }

        ut_ad(!page_rec_is_supremum(cur2_rec));
      }

      rec_info = rec_get_info_bits(cur2_rec, rec_offs_comp(offsets2));
      if (rec_info & REC_INFO_MIN_REC_FLAG) {
        /* If we delete the leftmost node
        pointer on a non-leaf level, we must
        mark the new leftmost node pointer as
        the predefined minimum record */
        rec_t *next_rec = page_rec_get_next(cur2_rec);
        btr_set_min_rec_mark(next_rec, mtr);
      }

      ut_ad(cur2_pno == del_page_no && cur2_rec != insert_rec);

      page_cur_delete_rec(btr_cur_get_page_cur(cursor2), index, offsets2, mtr);
    }

    if (!ins_suc) {
      mem_heap_t *new_heap = nullptr;

      err = btr_cur_pessimistic_insert(flags, cursor, &insert_offsets,
                                       &new_heap, node_ptr, &insert_rec,
                                       &dummy_big_rec, nullptr, mtr);

      ut_ad(err == DB_SUCCESS);

      if (new_heap) {
        mem_heap_free(new_heap);
      }
    }

    if (cursor2) {
      btr_cur_compress_if_useful(cursor, false, mtr);
    }
  }

#ifdef UNIV_DEBUG
  page_no_t left_page_no = btr_page_get_prev(page, mtr);

  if (left_page_no == FIL_NULL) {
    ut_a(REC_INFO_MIN_REC_FLAG &
         rec_get_info_bits(page_rec_get_next(page_get_infimum_rec(page)),
                           page_is_comp(page)));
  }
#endif /* UNIV_DEBUG */

  mem_heap_free(heap);

  return (true);
}

/** Update parent page's MBR and Predicate lock information during a split */
static void rtr_adjust_upper_level(
    btr_cur_t *sea_cur,     /*!< in: search cursor */
    uint32_t flags,         /*!< in: undo logging and
                            locking flags */
    buf_block_t *block,     /*!< in/out: page to be split */
    buf_block_t *new_block, /*!< in/out: the new half page */
    rtr_mbr_t *mbr,         /*!< in: MBR on the old page */
    rtr_mbr_t *new_mbr,     /*!< in: MBR on the new page */
    mtr_t *mtr)             /*!< in: mtr */
{
  page_t *page;
  page_t *new_page;
  page_no_t page_no;
  page_no_t new_page_no;
  page_zip_des_t *page_zip;
  page_zip_des_t *new_page_zip;
  dict_index_t *index = sea_cur->index;
  btr_cur_t cursor;
  ulint *offsets;
  mem_heap_t *heap;
  ulint level;
  dtuple_t *node_ptr_upper;
  page_no_t prev_page_no;
  page_no_t next_page_no;
  space_id_t space;
  page_cur_t *page_cursor;
  rtr_mbr_t parent_mbr;
  lock_prdt_t prdt;
  lock_prdt_t new_prdt;
  dberr_t err;
  big_rec_t *dummy_big_rec;
  rec_t *rec;

  /* Create a memory heap where the data tuple is stored */
  heap = mem_heap_create(1024, UT_LOCATION_HERE);

  cursor.thr = sea_cur->thr;

  /* Get the level of the split pages */
  level = btr_page_get_level(buf_block_get_frame(block));
  ut_ad(level == btr_page_get_level(buf_block_get_frame(new_block)));

  page = buf_block_get_frame(block);
  page_no = block->page.id.page_no();
  page_zip = buf_block_get_page_zip(block);

  new_page = buf_block_get_frame(new_block);
  new_page_no = new_block->page.id.page_no();
  new_page_zip = buf_block_get_page_zip(new_block);

  /* Set new mbr for the old page on the upper level. */
  /* Look up the index for the node pointer to page */
  offsets = rtr_page_get_father_block(nullptr, heap, index, block, mtr, sea_cur,
                                      &cursor);

  page_cursor = btr_cur_get_page_cur(&cursor);

  rtr_get_mbr_from_rec(page_cursor->rec, offsets, &parent_mbr);

  rtr_update_mbr_field(&cursor, offsets, nullptr, page, mbr, nullptr, mtr);

  /* Already updated parent MBR, reset in our path */
  if (sea_cur->rtr_info) {
    node_visit_t *node_visit = rtr_get_parent_node(sea_cur, level + 1, true);
    if (node_visit) {
      node_visit->mbr_inc = 0;
    }
  }

  /* Insert the node for the new page. */
  node_ptr_upper = rtr_index_build_node_ptr(
      index, new_mbr, page_rec_get_next(page_get_infimum_rec(new_page)),
      new_page_no, heap);

  ulint up_match = 0;
  ulint low_match = 0;

  buf_block_t *father_block = btr_cur_get_block(&cursor);

  page_cur_search_with_match(father_block, index, node_ptr_upper, PAGE_CUR_LE,
                             &up_match, &low_match,
                             btr_cur_get_page_cur(&cursor), nullptr);

  err = btr_cur_optimistic_insert(
      flags | BTR_NO_LOCKING_FLAG | BTR_KEEP_SYS_FLAG | BTR_NO_UNDO_LOG_FLAG,
      &cursor, &offsets, &heap, node_ptr_upper, &rec, &dummy_big_rec, nullptr,
      mtr);

  if (err == DB_FAIL) {
    cursor.rtr_info = sea_cur->rtr_info;
    cursor.tree_height = sea_cur->tree_height;

    mem_heap_t *new_heap = nullptr;

    DBUG_EXECUTE_IF("rtr_page_need_first_split",
                    { DBUG_SET("+d,rtr_page_need_second_split"); });

    err = btr_cur_pessimistic_insert(
        flags | BTR_NO_LOCKING_FLAG | BTR_KEEP_SYS_FLAG | BTR_NO_UNDO_LOG_FLAG,
        &cursor, &offsets, &new_heap, node_ptr_upper, &rec, &dummy_big_rec,
        nullptr, mtr);

    DBUG_EXECUTE_IF("rtr_page_need_first_split",
                    { DBUG_SET("-d,rtr_page_need_second_split"); });

    cursor.rtr_info = nullptr;
    ut_a(err == DB_SUCCESS);

    if (new_heap) {
      mem_heap_free(new_heap);
    }
  }

  prdt.data = static_cast<void *>(mbr);
  prdt.op = 0;
  new_prdt.data = static_cast<void *>(new_mbr);
  new_prdt.op = 0;

  ut_ad(dict_index_get_space(index) == page_cursor->block->page.id.space());
  lock_prdt_update_parent(block, new_block, &prdt, &new_prdt,
                          page_cursor->block->page.id);

  mem_heap_free(heap);

  /* Get the previous and next pages of page */
  prev_page_no = btr_page_get_prev(page, mtr);
  next_page_no = btr_page_get_next(page, mtr);
  space = block->page.id.space();
  const page_size_t &page_size = dict_table_page_size(index->table);

  /* Update page links of the level */
  if (prev_page_no != FIL_NULL) {
    page_id_t prev_page_id(space, prev_page_no);

    buf_block_t *prev_block = btr_block_get(prev_page_id, page_size, RW_X_LATCH,
                                            UT_LOCATION_HERE, index, mtr);
#ifdef UNIV_BTR_DEBUG
    ut_a(page_is_comp(prev_block->frame) == page_is_comp(page));
    ut_a(btr_page_get_next(prev_block->frame, mtr) == block->page.id.page_no());
#endif /* UNIV_BTR_DEBUG */

    btr_page_set_next(buf_block_get_frame(prev_block),
                      buf_block_get_page_zip(prev_block), page_no, mtr);
  }

  if (next_page_no != FIL_NULL) {
    page_id_t next_page_id(space, next_page_no);

    buf_block_t *next_block = btr_block_get(next_page_id, page_size, RW_X_LATCH,
                                            UT_LOCATION_HERE, index, mtr);
#ifdef UNIV_BTR_DEBUG
    ut_a(page_is_comp(next_block->frame) == page_is_comp(page));
    ut_a(btr_page_get_prev(next_block->frame, mtr) == page_get_page_no(page));
#endif /* UNIV_BTR_DEBUG */

    btr_page_set_prev(buf_block_get_frame(next_block),
                      buf_block_get_page_zip(next_block), new_page_no, mtr);
  }

  btr_page_set_prev(page, page_zip, prev_page_no, mtr);
  btr_page_set_next(page, page_zip, new_page_no, mtr);

  btr_page_set_prev(new_page, new_page_zip, page_no, mtr);
  btr_page_set_next(new_page, new_page_zip, next_page_no, mtr);
}

/** Moves record list to another page for rtree splitting.

 IMPORTANT: The caller will have to update IBUF_BITMAP_FREE
 if new_block is a compressed leaf page in a secondary index.
 This has to be done either within the same mini-transaction,
 or by invoking ibuf_reset_free_bits() before mtr_commit().

 @return true on success; false on compression failure */
static bool rtr_split_page_move_rec_list(
    rtr_split_node_t *node_array, /*!< in: split node array. */
    int first_rec_group,          /*!< in: group number of the
                                  first rec. */
    buf_block_t *new_block,       /*!< in/out: index page
                                  where to move */
    buf_block_t *block,           /*!< in/out: page containing
                                  split_rec */
    rec_t *first_rec,             /*!< in: first record not to
                                  move */
    dict_index_t *index,          /*!< in: record descriptor */
    mem_heap_t *heap,             /*!< in: pointer to memory
                                  heap, or NULL */
    mtr_t *mtr)                   /*!< in: mtr */
{
  rtr_split_node_t *cur_split_node;
  rtr_split_node_t *end_split_node;
  page_cur_t page_cursor;
  page_cur_t new_page_cursor;
  page_t *page;
  page_t *new_page;
  ulint offsets_[REC_OFFS_NORMAL_SIZE];
  ulint *offsets = offsets_;
  page_zip_des_t *new_page_zip = buf_block_get_page_zip(new_block);
  rec_t *rec;
  rec_t *ret;
  ulint moved = 0;
  ulint max_to_move = 0;
  rtr_rec_move_t *rec_move = nullptr;

  rec_offs_init(offsets_);

  page_cur_set_before_first(block, &page_cursor);
  page_cur_set_before_first(new_block, &new_page_cursor);

  page = buf_block_get_frame(block);
  new_page = buf_block_get_frame(new_block);
  ret = page_rec_get_prev(page_get_supremum_rec(new_page));

  end_split_node = node_array + page_get_n_recs(page);

  mtr_log_t log_mode = MTR_LOG_NONE;

  if (new_page_zip) {
    log_mode = mtr_set_log_mode(mtr, MTR_LOG_NONE);
  }

  max_to_move = page_get_n_recs(buf_block_get_frame(block));
  rec_move = static_cast<rtr_rec_move_t *>(
      mem_heap_alloc(heap, sizeof(*rec_move) * max_to_move));

  /* Insert the recs in group 2 to new page.  */
  for (cur_split_node = node_array; cur_split_node < end_split_node;
       ++cur_split_node) {
    if (cur_split_node->n_node != first_rec_group) {
      lock_rec_store_on_page_infimum(block, cur_split_node->key);

      offsets = rec_get_offsets(cur_split_node->key, index, offsets,
                                ULINT_UNDEFINED, UT_LOCATION_HERE, &heap);

      ut_ad(cur_split_node->key != first_rec || !page_is_leaf(page));

      rec = page_cur_insert_rec_low(page_cur_get_rec(&new_page_cursor), index,
                                    cur_split_node->key, offsets, mtr);

      ut_a(rec);

      lock_rec_restore_from_page_infimum(new_block, rec, block);

      page_cur_move_to_next(&new_page_cursor);

      rec_move[moved].new_rec = rec;
      rec_move[moved].old_rec = cur_split_node->key;
      rec_move[moved].moved = false;
      moved++;

      if (moved > max_to_move) {
        ut_d(ut_error);
        ut_o(break);
      }
    }
  }

  /* Update PAGE_MAX_TRX_ID on the uncompressed page.
  Modifications will be redo logged and copied to the compressed
  page in page_zip_compress() or page_zip_reorganize() below.
  Multiple transactions cannot simultaneously operate on the
  same temp-table in parallel.
  max_trx_id is ignored for temp tables because it not required
  for MVCC. */
  if (dict_index_is_sec_or_ibuf(index) && page_is_leaf(page) &&
      !index->table->is_temporary()) {
    page_update_max_trx_id(new_block, nullptr, page_get_max_trx_id(page), mtr);
  }

  if (new_page_zip) {
    mtr_set_log_mode(mtr, log_mode);

    if (!page_zip_compress(new_page_zip, new_page, index, page_zip_level,
                           mtr)) {
      ulint ret_pos;

      /* Before trying to reorganize the page,
      store the number of preceding records on the page. */
      ret_pos = page_rec_get_n_recs_before(ret);
      /* Before copying, "ret" was the predecessor
      of the predefined supremum record.  If it was
      the predefined infimum record, then it would
      still be the infimum, and we would have
      ret_pos == 0. */

      if (UNIV_UNLIKELY(!page_zip_reorganize(new_block, index, mtr))) {
        if (UNIV_UNLIKELY(
                !page_zip_decompress(new_page_zip, new_page, false))) {
          ut_error;
        }
#ifdef UNIV_GIS_DEBUG
        ut_ad(page_validate(new_page, index));
#endif

        return (false);
      }

      /* The page was reorganized: Seek to ret_pos. */
      ret = page_rec_get_nth(new_page, ret_pos);
    }
  }

  /* Update the lock table */
  lock_rtr_move_rec_list(new_block, block, rec_move, moved);

  /* Delete recs in second group from the old page. */
  for (cur_split_node = node_array; cur_split_node < end_split_node;
       ++cur_split_node) {
    if (cur_split_node->n_node != first_rec_group) {
      page_cur_position(cur_split_node->key, block, &page_cursor);
      offsets = rec_get_offsets(page_cur_get_rec(&page_cursor), index, offsets,
                                ULINT_UNDEFINED, UT_LOCATION_HERE, &heap);
      page_cur_delete_rec(&page_cursor, index, offsets, mtr);
    }
  }

  return (true);
}

/** Splits an R-tree index page to halves and inserts the tuple. It is assumed
 that mtr holds an x-latch to the index tree. NOTE: the tree x-latch is
 released within this function! NOTE that the operation of this
 function must always succeed, we cannot reverse it: therefore enough
 free disk space (2 pages) must be guaranteed to be available before
 this function is called.
 @return inserted record */
rec_t *rtr_page_split_and_insert(
    uint32_t flags,        /*!< in: undo logging and locking flags */
    btr_cur_t *cursor,     /*!< in/out: cursor at which to insert; when the
                           function returns, the cursor is positioned
                           on the predecessor of the inserted record */
    ulint **offsets,       /*!< out: offsets on inserted record */
    mem_heap_t **heap,     /*!< in/out: pointer to memory heap, or NULL */
    const dtuple_t *tuple, /*!< in: tuple to insert */
    mtr_t *mtr)            /*!< in: mtr */
{
  buf_block_t *block;
  page_t *page;
  page_t *new_page;
  page_no_t page_no;
  byte direction;
  page_no_t hint_page_no;
  buf_block_t *new_block;
  page_zip_des_t *page_zip;
  page_zip_des_t *new_page_zip;
  buf_block_t *insert_block;
  page_cur_t *page_cursor;
  rec_t *rec = nullptr;
  ulint n_recs;
  ulint total_data;
  ulint insert_size;
  rtr_split_node_t *rtr_split_node_array;
  rtr_split_node_t *cur_split_node;
  rtr_split_node_t *end_split_node;
  double *buf_pos;
  ulint page_level;
  node_seq_t current_ssn;
  node_seq_t next_ssn;
  buf_block_t *root_block;
  rtr_mbr_t mbr;
  rtr_mbr_t new_mbr;
  lock_prdt_t prdt;
  lock_prdt_t new_prdt;
  rec_t *first_rec = nullptr;
  int first_rec_group = 1;
  ulint n_iterations [[maybe_unused]] = 0;

  if (!*heap) {
    *heap = mem_heap_create(1024, UT_LOCATION_HERE);
  }

func_start:
  ut_ad(tuple->m_heap != *heap);
  mem_heap_empty(*heap);
  *offsets = nullptr;

  ut_ad(mtr_memo_contains_flagged(mtr, dict_index_get_lock(cursor->index),
                                  MTR_MEMO_X_LOCK | MTR_MEMO_SX_LOCK));
  ut_ad(!dict_index_is_online_ddl(cursor->index) || (flags & BTR_CREATE_FLAG) ||
        cursor->index->is_clustered());
  ut_ad(rw_lock_own_flagged(dict_index_get_lock(cursor->index),
                            RW_LOCK_FLAG_X | RW_LOCK_FLAG_SX));

  block = btr_cur_get_block(cursor);
  page = buf_block_get_frame(block);
  page_zip = buf_block_get_page_zip(block);
  page_level = btr_page_get_level(page);
  current_ssn = page_get_ssn_id(page);

  ut_ad(mtr_memo_contains(mtr, block, MTR_MEMO_PAGE_X_FIX));
  ut_ad(page_get_n_recs(page) >= 1);

  page_no = block->page.id.page_no();

  if (btr_page_get_prev(page, mtr) == FIL_NULL && !page_is_leaf(page)) {
    first_rec =
        page_rec_get_next(page_get_infimum_rec(buf_block_get_frame(block)));
  }

  /* Initial split nodes array. */
  rtr_split_node_array =
      rtr_page_split_initialize_nodes(*heap, cursor, offsets, tuple, &buf_pos);

  /* Divide all mbrs to two groups. */
  n_recs = page_get_n_recs(page) + 1;

  end_split_node = rtr_split_node_array + n_recs;

#ifdef UNIV_GIS_DEBUG
  fprintf(stderr, "Before split a page:\n");
  for (cur_split_node = rtr_split_node_array; cur_split_node < end_split_node;
       ++cur_split_node) {
    for (int i = 0; i < SPDIMS * 2; i++) {
      fprintf(stderr, "%.2lf ", *(cur_split_node->coords + i));
    }
    fprintf(stderr, "\n");
  }
#endif

  insert_size = rec_get_converted_size(cursor->index, tuple);
  total_data = page_get_data_size(page) + insert_size;
  first_rec_group = split_rtree_node(
      rtr_split_node_array, static_cast<int>(n_recs),
      static_cast<int>(total_data), static_cast<int>(insert_size), 0, 2, 2,
      &buf_pos, SPDIMS, static_cast<uchar *>(first_rec),
      cursor->index->rtr_srs.get());

  /* Allocate a new page to the index */
  direction = FSP_UP;
  hint_page_no = page_no + 1;
  new_block = btr_page_alloc(cursor->index, hint_page_no, direction, page_level,
                             mtr, mtr);
  new_page_zip = buf_block_get_page_zip(new_block);
  btr_page_create(new_block, new_page_zip, cursor->index, page_level, mtr);

  new_page = buf_block_get_frame(new_block);
  ut_ad(page_get_ssn_id(new_page) == 0);

  /* Set new ssn to the new page and page. */
  page_set_ssn_id(new_block, new_page_zip, current_ssn, mtr);
  next_ssn = rtr_get_new_ssn_id(cursor->index);

  page_set_ssn_id(block, page_zip, next_ssn, mtr);

  /* Keep recs in first group to the old page, move recs in second
  groups to the new page. */
  if (false
#ifdef UNIV_ZIP_COPY
      || page_zip
#endif
      || !rtr_split_page_move_rec_list(rtr_split_node_array, first_rec_group,
                                       new_block, block, first_rec,
                                       cursor->index, *heap, mtr)) {
    ulint n = 0;
    rec_t *rec;
    ulint moved = 0;
    ulint max_to_move = 0;
    rtr_rec_move_t *rec_move = nullptr;
    ulint pos;

    /* For some reason, compressing new_page failed,
    even though it should contain fewer records than
    the original page.  Copy the page byte for byte
    and then delete the records from both pages
    as appropriate.  Deleting will always succeed. */
    ut_a(new_page_zip);

    page_zip_copy_recs(new_page_zip, new_page, page_zip, page, cursor->index,
                       mtr);

    page_cursor = btr_cur_get_page_cur(cursor);

    /* Move locks on recs. */
    max_to_move = page_get_n_recs(page);
    rec_move = static_cast<rtr_rec_move_t *>(
        mem_heap_alloc(*heap, sizeof(*rec_move) * max_to_move));

    /* Init the rec_move array for moving lock on recs.  */
    for (cur_split_node = rtr_split_node_array;
         cur_split_node < end_split_node - 1; ++cur_split_node) {
      if (cur_split_node->n_node != first_rec_group) {
        pos = page_rec_get_n_recs_before(cur_split_node->key);
        rec = page_rec_get_nth(new_page, pos);
        ut_a(rec);

        rec_move[moved].new_rec = rec;
        rec_move[moved].old_rec = cur_split_node->key;
        rec_move[moved].moved = false;
        moved++;

        if (moved > max_to_move) {
          ut_d(ut_error);
          ut_o(break);
        }
      }
    }

    /* Update the lock table */
    lock_rtr_move_rec_list(new_block, block, rec_move, moved);

    /* Delete recs in first group from the new page. */
    for (cur_split_node = rtr_split_node_array;
         cur_split_node < end_split_node - 1; ++cur_split_node) {
      if (cur_split_node->n_node == first_rec_group) {
        ulint pos;

        pos = page_rec_get_n_recs_before(cur_split_node->key);
        ut_a(pos > 0);
        rec_t *new_rec = page_rec_get_nth(new_page, pos - n);

        ut_a(new_rec && page_rec_is_user_rec(new_rec));
        page_cur_position(new_rec, new_block, page_cursor);

        *offsets =
            rec_get_offsets(page_cur_get_rec(page_cursor), cursor->index,
                            *offsets, ULINT_UNDEFINED, UT_LOCATION_HERE, heap);

        page_cur_delete_rec(page_cursor, cursor->index, *offsets, mtr);
        n++;
      }
    }

    /* Delete recs in second group from the old page. */
    for (cur_split_node = rtr_split_node_array;
         cur_split_node < end_split_node - 1; ++cur_split_node) {
      if (cur_split_node->n_node != first_rec_group) {
        page_cur_position(cur_split_node->key, block, page_cursor);
        *offsets =
            rec_get_offsets(page_cur_get_rec(page_cursor), cursor->index,
                            *offsets, ULINT_UNDEFINED, UT_LOCATION_HERE, heap);
        page_cur_delete_rec(page_cursor, cursor->index, *offsets, mtr);
      }
    }

#ifdef UNIV_GIS_DEBUG
    ut_ad(page_validate(new_page, cursor->index));
    ut_ad(page_validate(page, cursor->index));
#endif
  }

  /* Insert the new rec to the proper page. */
  cur_split_node = end_split_node - 1;
  if (cur_split_node->n_node != first_rec_group) {
    insert_block = new_block;
  } else {
    insert_block = block;
  }

  /* Reposition the cursor for insert and try insertion */
  page_cursor = btr_cur_get_page_cur(cursor);

  page_cur_search(insert_block, cursor->index, tuple, PAGE_CUR_LE, page_cursor);

  /* It's possible that the new record is too big to be inserted into
  the page, and it'll need the second round split in this case.
  We test this scenario here*/
  DBUG_EXECUTE_IF(
      "rtr_page_need_second_split", if (n_iterations == 0) {
        rec = nullptr;
        goto after_insert;
      });

  rec = page_cur_tuple_insert(page_cursor, tuple, cursor->index, offsets, heap,
                              mtr);

  /* If insert did not fit, try page reorganization.
  For compressed pages, page_cur_tuple_insert() will have
  attempted this already. */
  if (rec == nullptr) {
    if (!page_cur_get_page_zip(page_cursor) &&
        btr_page_reorganize(page_cursor, cursor->index, mtr)) {
      rec = page_cur_tuple_insert(page_cursor, tuple, cursor->index, offsets,
                                  heap, mtr);
    }
    /* If insert fail, we will try to split the insert_block
    again. */
  }

#ifdef UNIV_DEBUG
after_insert:
#endif
  /* Calculate the mbr on the upper half-page, and the mbr on
  original page. */
  rtr_page_cal_mbr(cursor->index, block, &mbr, *heap);
  rtr_page_cal_mbr(cursor->index, new_block, &new_mbr, *heap);
  prdt.data = &mbr;
  new_prdt.data = &new_mbr;

  ut_ad(dict_index_get_space(cursor->index) == block->page.id.space());
  ut_ad(page_no == block->page.id.page_no());
  /* Check any predicate locks need to be moved/copied to the
  new page */
  lock_prdt_update_split(block, new_block, &prdt, &new_prdt);

  /* Adjust the upper level. */
  rtr_adjust_upper_level(cursor, flags, block, new_block, &mbr, &new_mbr, mtr);

  /* Save the new ssn to the root page, since we need to reinit
  the first ssn value from it after restart server. */

  root_block = btr_root_block_get(cursor->index, RW_SX_LATCH, mtr);

  page_zip = buf_block_get_page_zip(root_block);
  page_set_ssn_id(root_block, page_zip, next_ssn, mtr);

  /* Insert fit on the page: update the free bits for the
  left and right pages in the same mtr */

  if (page_is_leaf(page)) {
    ibuf_update_free_bits_for_two_pages_low(block, new_block, mtr);
  }

  /* If the new res insert fail, we need to do another split
   again. */
  if (!rec) {
    /* We play safe and reset the free bits for new_page */
    if (!cursor->index->is_clustered() &&
        !cursor->index->table->is_temporary()) {
      ibuf_reset_free_bits(new_block);
      ibuf_reset_free_bits(block);
    }

    if (cursor->m_own_rtr_info) {
      /* We need to clean the parent path here and search father node later,
      otherwise, it's possible that find a wrong parent. */
      rtr_clean_rtr_info(cursor->rtr_info, true);
    }

    cursor->rtr_info = nullptr;
    n_iterations++;

    rec_t *i_rec =
        page_rec_get_next(page_get_infimum_rec(buf_block_get_frame(block)));
    btr_cur_position(cursor->index, i_rec, block, cursor);

    goto func_start;
  }

#ifdef UNIV_GIS_DEBUG
  ut_ad(page_validate(buf_block_get_frame(block), cursor->index));
  ut_ad(page_validate(buf_block_get_frame(new_block), cursor->index));

  ut_ad(!rec || rec_offs_validate(rec, cursor->index, *offsets));
#endif
  MONITOR_INC(MONITOR_INDEX_SPLIT);

  return (rec);
}

dberr_t rtr_ins_enlarge_mbr(btr_cur_t *btr_cur, mtr_t *mtr) {
  dberr_t err = DB_SUCCESS;
  rtr_mbr_t new_mbr;
  buf_block_t *block;
  mem_heap_t *heap;
  dict_index_t *index = btr_cur->index;
  page_cur_t *page_cursor;
  ulint *offsets;
  node_visit_t *node_visit;
  page_t *page;

  ut_ad(dict_index_is_spatial(index));

  /* If no rtr_info or rtree is one level tree, return. */
  if (!btr_cur->rtr_info || btr_cur->tree_height == 1) {
    return (err);
  }

  /* Check path info is not empty. */
  ut_ad(!btr_cur->rtr_info->parent_path->empty());

  /* Create a memory heap. */
  heap = mem_heap_create(1024, UT_LOCATION_HERE);

  /* Leaf level page is stored in cursor */
  page_cursor = btr_cur_get_page_cur(btr_cur);
  block = page_cur_get_block(page_cursor);

  for (ulint i = 1; i < btr_cur->tree_height; i++) {
    node_visit = rtr_get_parent_node(btr_cur, i, true);
    ut_ad(node_visit != nullptr);

    /* If there's no mbr enlarge, return.*/
    if (node_visit->mbr_inc == 0) {
      block = node_visit->cursor->get_block();
      continue;
    }

    /* Calculate the mbr of the child page. */
    rtr_page_cal_mbr(index, block, &new_mbr, heap);

    /* Get father block. */
    btr_cur_t cursor;
    offsets = rtr_page_get_father_block(nullptr, heap, index, block, mtr,
                                        btr_cur, &cursor);

    page = buf_block_get_frame(block);

    /* Update the mbr field of the rec. */
    if (!rtr_update_mbr_field(&cursor, offsets, nullptr, page, &new_mbr,
                              nullptr, mtr)) {
      err = DB_ERROR;
      break;
    }

    page_cursor = btr_cur_get_page_cur(&cursor);
    block = page_cur_get_block(page_cursor);
  }

  mem_heap_free(heap);

  return (err);
}

/** Copy recs from a page to new_block of rtree.
Differs from page_copy_rec_list_end, because this function does not
touch the lock table and max trx id on page or compress the page.

IMPORTANT: The caller will have to update IBUF_BITMAP_FREE
if new_block is a compressed leaf page in a secondary index.
This has to be done either within the same mini-transaction,
or by invoking ibuf_reset_free_bits() before mtr_commit().

@param[in] new_block Index page to copy to
@param[in] block Index page of rec
@param[in] rec Record on page
@param[in] index Record descriptor
@param[in,out] heap Heap memory
@param[in] rec_move Recording records moved
@param[in] max_move Num of rec to move
@param[out] num_moved Num of rec to move
@param[in] mtr Mini-transaction */
void rtr_page_copy_rec_list_end_no_locks(buf_block_t *new_block,
                                         buf_block_t *block, rec_t *rec,
                                         dict_index_t *index, mem_heap_t *heap,
                                         rtr_rec_move_t *rec_move,
                                         ulint max_move, ulint *num_moved,
                                         mtr_t *mtr) {
  page_t *new_page = buf_block_get_frame(new_block);
  page_cur_t page_cur;
  page_cur_t cur1;
  rec_t *cur_rec;
  ulint offsets_1[REC_OFFS_NORMAL_SIZE];
  ulint *offsets1 = offsets_1;
  ulint offsets_2[REC_OFFS_NORMAL_SIZE];
  ulint *offsets2 = offsets_2;
  ulint moved = 0;
  bool is_leaf = page_is_leaf(new_page);

  rec_offs_init(offsets_1);
  rec_offs_init(offsets_2);

  page_cur_position(rec, block, &cur1);

  if (page_cur_is_before_first(&cur1)) {
    page_cur_move_to_next(&cur1);
  }

  btr_assert_not_corrupted(new_block, index);
  ut_a(page_is_comp(new_page) == page_rec_is_comp(rec));
  ut_a(mach_read_from_2(new_page + UNIV_PAGE_SIZE - 10) ==
       (page_is_comp(new_page) ? PAGE_NEW_INFIMUM : PAGE_OLD_INFIMUM));

  cur_rec =
      page_rec_get_next(page_get_infimum_rec(buf_block_get_frame(new_block)));
  page_cur_position(cur_rec, new_block, &page_cur);

  /* Copy records from the original page to the new page */
  while (!page_cur_is_after_last(&cur1)) {
    rec_t *cur1_rec = page_cur_get_rec(&cur1);
    rec_t *ins_rec;

    if (page_rec_is_infimum(cur_rec)) {
      cur_rec = page_rec_get_next(cur_rec);
    }

    offsets1 = rec_get_offsets(cur1_rec, index, offsets1, ULINT_UNDEFINED,
                               UT_LOCATION_HERE, &heap);
    while (!page_rec_is_supremum(cur_rec)) {
      ulint cur_matched_fields = 0;
      int cmp;

      offsets2 = rec_get_offsets(cur_rec, index, offsets2, ULINT_UNDEFINED,
                                 UT_LOCATION_HERE, &heap);
      cmp = cmp_rec_rec_with_match(cur1_rec, cur_rec, offsets1, offsets2, index,
                                   page_is_spatial_non_leaf(cur1_rec, index),
                                   false, &cur_matched_fields);
      if (cmp < 0) {
        page_cur_move_to_prev(&page_cur);
        break;
      } else if (cmp > 0) {
        /* Skip small recs. */
        page_cur_move_to_next(&page_cur);
        cur_rec = page_cur_get_rec(&page_cur);
      } else if (is_leaf) {
        if (rec_get_deleted_flag(cur1_rec, dict_table_is_comp(index->table))) {
          goto next;
        } else {
          /* We have two identical leaf records,
          skip copying the undeleted one, and
          unmark deleted on the current page */
          btr_rec_set_deleted_flag(cur_rec, nullptr, false);
          goto next;
        }
      }
    }

    /* If position is on suprenum rec, need to move to
    previous rec. */
    if (page_rec_is_supremum(cur_rec)) {
      page_cur_move_to_prev(&page_cur);
    }

    cur_rec = page_cur_get_rec(&page_cur);

    offsets1 = rec_get_offsets(cur1_rec, index, offsets1, ULINT_UNDEFINED,
                               UT_LOCATION_HERE, &heap);

    ins_rec = page_cur_insert_rec_low(cur_rec, index, cur1_rec, offsets1, mtr);
    if (UNIV_UNLIKELY(!ins_rec)) {
      fprintf(stderr, "page number %lu and %lu\n",
              ulong{new_block->page.id.page_no()},
              ulong{block->page.id.page_no()});

      ib::fatal(UT_LOCATION_HERE, ER_IB_MSG_520)
          << "rec offset " << page_offset(rec) << ", cur1 offset "
          << page_offset(page_cur_get_rec(&cur1)) << ", cur_rec offset "
          << page_offset(cur_rec);
    }

    rec_move[moved].new_rec = ins_rec;
    rec_move[moved].old_rec = cur1_rec;
    rec_move[moved].moved = false;
    moved++;
  next:
    if (moved > max_move) {
      ut_d(ut_error);
      ut_o(break);
    }

    page_cur_move_to_next(&cur1);
  }

  *num_moved = moved;
}

/** Copy recs till a specified rec from a page to new_block of rtree.
@param[in] new_block Index page to copy to
@param[in] block Index page of rec
@param[in] rec Record on page
@param[in] index Record descriptor
@param[in,out] heap Heap memory
@param[in] rec_move Recording records moved
@param[in] max_move Num of rec to move
@param[out] num_moved Num of rec to move
@param[in] mtr Mini-transaction */
void rtr_page_copy_rec_list_start_no_locks(
    buf_block_t *new_block, buf_block_t *block, rec_t *rec, dict_index_t *index,
    mem_heap_t *heap, rtr_rec_move_t *rec_move, ulint max_move,
    ulint *num_moved, mtr_t *mtr) {
  page_cur_t cur1;
  rec_t *cur_rec;
  ulint offsets_1[REC_OFFS_NORMAL_SIZE];
  ulint *offsets1 = offsets_1;
  ulint offsets_2[REC_OFFS_NORMAL_SIZE];
  ulint *offsets2 = offsets_2;
  page_cur_t page_cur;
  ulint moved = 0;
  bool is_leaf = page_is_leaf(buf_block_get_frame(block));

  rec_offs_init(offsets_1);
  rec_offs_init(offsets_2);

  page_cur_set_before_first(block, &cur1);
  page_cur_move_to_next(&cur1);

  cur_rec =
      page_rec_get_next(page_get_infimum_rec(buf_block_get_frame(new_block)));
  page_cur_position(cur_rec, new_block, &page_cur);

  while (page_cur_get_rec(&cur1) != rec) {
    rec_t *cur1_rec = page_cur_get_rec(&cur1);
    rec_t *ins_rec;

    if (page_rec_is_infimum(cur_rec)) {
      cur_rec = page_rec_get_next(cur_rec);
    }

    offsets1 = rec_get_offsets(cur1_rec, index, offsets1, ULINT_UNDEFINED,
                               UT_LOCATION_HERE, &heap);

    while (!page_rec_is_supremum(cur_rec)) {
      ulint cur_matched_fields = 0;
      int cmp;

      offsets2 = rec_get_offsets(cur_rec, index, offsets2, ULINT_UNDEFINED,
                                 UT_LOCATION_HERE, &heap);
      cmp = cmp_rec_rec_with_match(cur1_rec, cur_rec, offsets1, offsets2, index,
                                   page_is_spatial_non_leaf(cur1_rec, index),
                                   false, &cur_matched_fields);
      if (cmp < 0) {
        page_cur_move_to_prev(&page_cur);
        cur_rec = page_cur_get_rec(&page_cur);
        break;
      } else if (cmp > 0) {
        /* Skip small recs. */
        page_cur_move_to_next(&page_cur);
        cur_rec = page_cur_get_rec(&page_cur);
      } else if (is_leaf) {
        if (rec_get_deleted_flag(cur1_rec, dict_table_is_comp(index->table))) {
          goto next;
        } else {
          /* We have two identical leaf records,
          skip copying the undeleted one, and
          unmark deleted on the current page */
          btr_rec_set_deleted_flag(cur_rec, nullptr, false);
          goto next;
        }
      }
    }

    /* If position is on suprenum rec, need to move to
    previous rec. */
    if (page_rec_is_supremum(cur_rec)) {
      page_cur_move_to_prev(&page_cur);
    }

    cur_rec = page_cur_get_rec(&page_cur);

    offsets1 = rec_get_offsets(cur1_rec, index, offsets1, ULINT_UNDEFINED,
                               UT_LOCATION_HERE, &heap);

    ins_rec = page_cur_insert_rec_low(cur_rec, index, cur1_rec, offsets1, mtr);
    if (UNIV_UNLIKELY(!ins_rec)) {
      fprintf(stderr, "page number %ld and %ld\n",
              (long)new_block->page.id.page_no(),
              (long)block->page.id.page_no());

      ib::fatal(UT_LOCATION_HERE, ER_IB_MSG_521)
          << "rec offset " << page_offset(rec) << ", cur1 offset "
          << page_offset(page_cur_get_rec(&cur1)) << ", cur_rec offset "
          << page_offset(cur_rec);
    }

    rec_move[moved].new_rec = ins_rec;
    rec_move[moved].old_rec = cur1_rec;
    rec_move[moved].moved = false;
    moved++;
  next:
    if (moved > max_move) {
      ut_d(ut_error);
      ut_o(break);
    }

    page_cur_move_to_next(&cur1);
  }

  *num_moved = moved;
}

bool rtr_merge_mbr_changed(btr_cur_t *cursor, btr_cur_t *cursor2,
                           ulint *offsets, ulint *offsets2,
                           rtr_mbr_t *new_mbr) {
  double *mbr;
  double mbr1[SPDIMS * 2];
  double mbr2[SPDIMS * 2];
  rec_t *rec;
  ulint len;
  bool changed = false;

  ut_ad(dict_index_is_spatial(cursor->index));

  rec = btr_cur_get_rec(cursor);

  rtr_read_mbr(rec_get_nth_field(cursor->index, rec, offsets, 0, &len),
               reinterpret_cast<rtr_mbr_t *>(mbr1));

  rec = btr_cur_get_rec(cursor2);

  rtr_read_mbr(rec_get_nth_field(cursor->index, rec, offsets2, 0, &len),
               reinterpret_cast<rtr_mbr_t *>(mbr2));

  mbr = reinterpret_cast<double *>(new_mbr);

  for (uint i = 0; i < SPDIMS * 2; i += 2) {
    changed = (changed || mbr1[i] != mbr2[i]);
    *mbr = mbr1[i] < mbr2[i] ? mbr1[i] : mbr2[i];
    mbr++;
    changed = (changed || mbr1[i + 1] != mbr2[i + 1]);
    *mbr = mbr1[i + 1] > mbr2[i + 1] ? mbr1[i + 1] : mbr2[i + 1];
    mbr++;
  }

  return (changed);
}

dberr_t rtr_merge_and_update_mbr(btr_cur_t *cursor, btr_cur_t *cursor2,
                                 ulint *offsets, ulint *offsets2,
                                 page_t *child_page, mtr_t *mtr) {
  dberr_t err = DB_SUCCESS;
  rtr_mbr_t new_mbr;
  bool changed = false;

  ut_ad(dict_index_is_spatial(cursor->index));

  changed = rtr_merge_mbr_changed(cursor, cursor2, offsets, offsets2, &new_mbr);

  /* Update the mbr field of the rec. And will delete the record
  pointed by cursor2 */
  if (changed) {
    if (!rtr_update_mbr_field(cursor, offsets, cursor2, child_page, &new_mbr,
                              nullptr, mtr)) {
      err = DB_ERROR;
    }
  } else {
    rtr_node_ptr_delete(cursor2, mtr);
  }

  return (err);
}

void rtr_node_ptr_delete(btr_cur_t *sea_cur, mtr_t *mtr) {
  dberr_t err;

  auto compressed =
      btr_cur_pessimistic_delete(&err, true, sea_cur, BTR_CREATE_FLAG, false, 0,
                                 0, 0, mtr, nullptr, nullptr);
  ut_a(err == DB_SUCCESS);

  if (!compressed) {
    btr_cur_compress_if_useful(sea_cur, false, mtr);
  }
}

/** Check whether a Rtree page is child of a parent page
 @return true if there is child/parent relationship */
bool rtr_check_same_block(
    dict_index_t *index,  /*!< in: index tree */
    btr_cur_t *cursor,    /*!< in/out: position at the parent entry
                          pointing to the child if successful */
    buf_block_t *parentb, /*!< in: parent page to check */
    buf_block_t *childb,  /*!< in: child Page */
    mem_heap_t *heap)     /*!< in: memory heap */

{
  page_no_t page_no = childb->page.id.page_no();
  ulint *offsets;
  rec_t *rec =
      page_rec_get_next(page_get_infimum_rec(buf_block_get_frame(parentb)));

  while (!page_rec_is_supremum(rec)) {
    offsets = rec_get_offsets(rec, index, nullptr, ULINT_UNDEFINED,
                              UT_LOCATION_HERE, &heap);

    if (btr_node_ptr_get_child_page_no(rec, offsets) == page_no) {
      btr_cur_position(index, rec, parentb, cursor);
      return (true);
    }

    rec = page_rec_get_next(rec);
  }

  return (false);
}

/** Calculate the area increased for a new record
 @return area increased */
double rtr_rec_cal_increase(
    const dtuple_t *dtuple, /*!< in: data tuple to insert, which
                            cause area increase */
    const rec_t *rec,       /*!< in: physical record which differs from
                            dtuple in some of the common fields, or which
                            has an equal number or more fields than
                            dtuple */
    const ulint *offsets,   /*!< in: array returned by rec_get_offsets() */
    double *area,           /*!< out: increased area */
    const dd::Spatial_reference_system *srs) /*!< in: SRS of R-tree */
{
  const dfield_t *dtuple_field;
  ulint dtuple_f_len;
  ulint rec_f_len;
  const byte *rec_b_ptr;
  double ret = 0;

  ut_ad(!page_rec_is_supremum(rec));
  ut_ad(!page_rec_is_infimum(rec));

  dtuple_field = dtuple_get_nth_field(dtuple, 0);
  dtuple_f_len = dfield_get_len(dtuple_field);

  rec_b_ptr = rec_get_nth_field(nullptr, rec, offsets, 0, &rec_f_len);
  ret = rtree_area_increase(
      srs, rec_b_ptr, static_cast<const byte *>(dfield_get_data(dtuple_field)),
      static_cast<int>(dtuple_f_len), area);

  return (ret);
}

/** Estimates the number of rows in a given area.
@param[in]      index   index
@param[in]      tuple   range tuple containing mbr, may also be empty tuple
@param[in]      mode    search mode
@return estimated number of rows */
int64_t rtr_estimate_n_rows_in_range(dict_index_t *index, const dtuple_t *tuple,
                                     page_cur_mode_t mode) {
  /* Check tuple & mode */
  if (tuple->n_fields == 0) {
    return (HA_POS_ERROR);
  }

  switch (mode) {
    case PAGE_CUR_DISJOINT:
    case PAGE_CUR_CONTAIN:
    case PAGE_CUR_INTERSECT:
    case PAGE_CUR_WITHIN:
    case PAGE_CUR_MBR_EQUAL:
      break;
    default:
      return (HA_POS_ERROR);
  }

  DBUG_EXECUTE_IF("rtr_pcur_move_to_next_return", return (2););

  /* Read mbr from tuple. */
  const dfield_t *dtuple_field;
  ulint dtuple_f_len [[maybe_unused]];
  rtr_mbr_t range_mbr;
  double range_area;
  byte *range_mbr_ptr;

  dtuple_field = dtuple_get_nth_field(tuple, 0);
  dtuple_f_len = dfield_get_len(dtuple_field);
  range_mbr_ptr = reinterpret_cast<byte *>(dfield_get_data(dtuple_field));

  ut_ad(dtuple_f_len >= DATA_MBR_LEN);
  rtr_read_mbr(range_mbr_ptr, &range_mbr);

  double range_mbr_coords[4]{range_mbr.xmin, range_mbr.xmax, range_mbr.ymin,
                             range_mbr.ymax};
  range_area = compute_area(index->rtr_srs.get(), range_mbr_coords, SPDIMS);

  /* Get index root page. */
  page_size_t page_size(dict_table_page_size(index->table));
  page_id_t page_id(dict_index_get_space(index), dict_index_get_page(index));
  mtr_t mtr;
  buf_block_t *block;
  page_t *page;
  ulint n_recs;

  mtr_start(&mtr);

  mtr_s_lock(dict_index_get_lock(index), &mtr, UT_LOCATION_HERE);

  block = btr_block_get(page_id, page_size, RW_S_LATCH, UT_LOCATION_HERE, index,
                        &mtr);
  page = buf_block_get_frame(block);
  n_recs = page_header_get_field(page, PAGE_N_RECS);

  if (n_recs == 0) {
    mtr_commit(&mtr);
    return (HA_POS_ERROR);
  }

  rec_t *rec;
  const byte *field;
  ulint len;
  ulint *offsets = nullptr;
  mem_heap_t *heap;

  heap = mem_heap_create(512, UT_LOCATION_HERE);
  rec = page_rec_get_next(page_get_infimum_rec(page));
  offsets = rec_get_offsets(rec, index, offsets, ULINT_UNDEFINED,
                            UT_LOCATION_HERE, &heap);

  /* Scan records in root page and calculate area. */
  double area = 0;
  while (!page_rec_is_supremum(rec)) {
    rtr_mbr_t mbr;
    double rec_area;

    field = rec_get_nth_field(index, rec, offsets, 0, &len);
    ut_ad(len == DATA_MBR_LEN);

    rtr_read_mbr(field, &mbr);

    double mbr_coords[4]{mbr.xmin, mbr.xmax, mbr.ymin, mbr.ymax};
    rec_area = compute_area(index->rtr_srs.get(), mbr_coords, SPDIMS);

    if (rec_area == 0) {
      switch (mode) {
        case PAGE_CUR_CONTAIN:
        case PAGE_CUR_INTERSECT:
          area += 1;
          break;

        case PAGE_CUR_DISJOINT:
          break;

        case PAGE_CUR_WITHIN:
        case PAGE_CUR_MBR_EQUAL:
          if (rtree_key_cmp(PAGE_CUR_WITHIN, range_mbr_ptr, DATA_MBR_LEN, field,
                            DATA_MBR_LEN, index->rtr_srs.get())) {
            area += 1;
          }

          break;

        default:
          ut_error;
      }
    } else {
      switch (mode) {
        case PAGE_CUR_CONTAIN:
        case PAGE_CUR_INTERSECT:
          area += rtree_area_overlapping(index->rtr_srs.get(), range_mbr_ptr,
                                         field, DATA_MBR_LEN) /
                  rec_area;
          break;

        case PAGE_CUR_DISJOINT:
          area += 1;
          area -= rtree_area_overlapping(index->rtr_srs.get(), range_mbr_ptr,
                                         field, DATA_MBR_LEN) /
                  rec_area;
          break;

        case PAGE_CUR_WITHIN:
        case PAGE_CUR_MBR_EQUAL:
          if (rtree_key_cmp(PAGE_CUR_WITHIN, range_mbr_ptr, DATA_MBR_LEN, field,
                            DATA_MBR_LEN, index->rtr_srs.get())) {
            area += range_area / rec_area;
          }

          break;
        default:
          ut_error;
      }
    }

    rec = page_rec_get_next(rec);
  }

  mtr_commit(&mtr);
  mem_heap_free(heap);

  if (!std::isfinite(area)) {
    return (HA_POS_ERROR);
  }

  return (static_cast<int64_t>(dict_table_get_n_rows(index->table) * area /
                               n_recs));
}
