# Multilingual detection benchmark

5 languages, 70 open-access articles each, fetched from PubMed Central with the language filter (2018-2024). The COI detection rate approximates recall (these clinical articles almost all carry a disclosure); the funding rate is a detection rate. Many articles are bilingual, so the English detector already catches some; the lift concentrates in monolingual articles.

| Language | n | COI before | COI after | Funding before | Funding after |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spanish | 70 | 79% | 79% | 10% | 10% |
| French | 70 | 70% | 80% | 6% | 6% |
| German | 70 | 33% | 97% | 66% | 67% |
| Italian | 70 | 60% | 64% | 67% | 74% |
| Portuguese | 70 | 64% | 67% | 19% | 19% |

